CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

<A> Important points to remember:

I. Conditional sentences type 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả một điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
(Real in the present/ future)
If clause Main clause
- simple present will
- present perfect shall + bare-infinitive
- present continuous can
EX1 I will saty at home if it rains.
EX2 If she has finished her work, she can go home.
EX3 If father is sleeping, you can go out.
 Câu điều kiện loại 1 với lời yêu cầu hay mệnh lệnh
EX1 If you see Tom at the party tonight, tell him to phone me.
EX2 Don’t talk in class and the teacher won’t punish you.

II. Conditional sentences type 2

If clause Main clause
Past simple (V2/ed) would
be  were could + bare-infinitive
might
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả:
 Một sự việc, tưởng tượng không có thực ở hiện tại
EX1 If I were you, I would accept his invitation.
EX2 She can’t speak Chinese. If she could speak Chinese, she would get the job.
EX3 If I had more money, I would travel around the world.
EX4 If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.

III. Conditional sentences type 3

If clause Main clause

Past perfect (had+V3/ed) would
could + have V3/ed
might
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả một sự việc, một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ mà chỉ là
sự hối tiếc, một ước muốn thuộc về quá khứ mà thôi.
EX1 The driver wasn’t careful. He had an accident.
 If the driver had been more careful, he wouldn’t have had the accident.
EX2 Tom didn’t go to the party last night.
 If he had gone to the party last night, he could have met the new manager.
IV. Inversion (đảo ngữ) type 2+3
- Ta có thể bỏ “if” nếu dùng hình thức đảo ngữ, đảo ngữ với should/were/had
EX1 If it should be necessary, I will go.

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 Should it be necessary, I will go.
EX2 If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
 Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
EX3 If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
 Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.
V. Một số từ/ cụm từ có thể thay thế cho IF với nghĩa tương đương: provided that, so (as)
long as (miễn là), in case (trong trường hợp), on condition that (với điều kiện).
EX1 You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
VI. Điều kiện hỗn hợp (2+3)
EX2 If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
EX3 If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
VII. If … not = unless
Unless (trừ phi) thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện – lúc đó Unless = if … not
EX1 Unless we start at once, we will be late.
 If we don’t start at once we will be late.
EX2 Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exams.
 If you don’t study hard, You won’t pass the exams.
EX3 We will be late if we don’t hurry
 We will be late unless we hurry.
EX4 If I have time, I’ll help you.
 Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
VIII. Implied condional (điều kiện hiểu ngầm)
Đề bài có: “or, or else, but, without, otherwise, but for, unless” khi viết câu điều kiện chỉ đổi
một vế của câu đề bài.
EX1 Keep silent or you’ll wake the boy up.
 If you don’t keep silent, you’ll wake the boy up.
EX2 Without the air, we would die.
 If there weren’t the air, we would die.
EX3 But for your help, I wouldn’t have been successful.
 If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been successful.

 Cách viết câu điều kiện theo tình huống cho sẵn 
 Chọn loại điều kiện.
 Lấy: Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân thường được bắt đầu bằng “because” làm mệnh đề “if”
 Áp dụng công thức.
 Xác định đổi ra phủ định và ngược lại (loại 2,3)
 Bỏ “because, so therefore, this/that is why, and” (nếu có)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH

 Khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp, các thì trong câu điều kiện được chuyển đổi theo cách
thông thường.

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EX1 “If I catch the plane, I’ll be phone home by five.”
 He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
EX2 “If I had any money I’d buy you a drink.”
 She said if she had any money she would buy me a drink.
EX3 “If she had loved Tom, she wouldn’t have left him.”
 He said that If she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him.

2.Câu có mệnh đề if + câu hỏi thường được thuật lại với mềnh đề if nằm ở cuối câu.
EX1 “If the door is locked what shall I do?”
 She asked what she should do if the door was locked.
3. Lời khuyên “If I were you I should/ would …” thường được thuật lại bằng
advise + O + inf.
EX1 “If I were you, I’d stop taking tranquillizers,” I said.
 I advised him to stop taking tranquillizers.
 TỔNG KẾT
 Conditional sentences 1
Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 1, ta đổi thì của động từ theo quy tắc chuyển đổi câu tường
thuật.
EX1 he said, “If I catch the plane I’ll be home by five”.
 He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
EX2 ‘If Iyou feel ill”, she said, “you’d better go to bed”.
 She said that if felt ill I’d better/ I should go to bed.
 Conditional sentences 2,3
Khi tường thuật câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 thì của động từ không đổi.
EX1 “If I had a permit I could get a job”, he said (type2)
 He said that if ha had a permit he could get a job.
EX2 “If she had loved Tom”, he said, “she wouldn’t have left him”. (type3)
 He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him.
<B> Exercises:
Conditional sentences: type I
1. If I see him I (give) him a lift.
2. The table will collapse if you (stand) on it.
3. If he (eat) all that he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.
5. The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
6. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes.
7. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
8. If he (wash) my car I'll give him Ј10.
9. If you (not go) away I'll send for the police.
10. I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.
11. If he (be) late we'll go without him.
12. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.
13. If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea.
14. If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once.
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 15. If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way.
16. He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.
17. If you come late they (not let) you in.
18. If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.
19. Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission.
20. If I lend you Ј10 when you (repay) me?
21. We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.
22. If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation.
23. Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident.
24. If you will kindly sit down, I (make) enquiries for you.
25. Unless I have a quiet room, I (not be able) to do any work.
26. She won't open the door unless she (know) who it is.
Conditional sentences: type II
0. If I had a typewriter I (type) it myself.
1. If I (know) his address I'd give it to you.
2. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
3. If you (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.
4. If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes.
5. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you.
6. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate.
7. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
8. If he (clean) his windscreen he'd be able to see where he was going.
9. If you (not belong) to a union you couldn't get a job.
10. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job.
11. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek.
12. If everybody (give) Ј1 we would have enough.
13. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
14. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come).
15. I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.
16. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree.
17. If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice.
18. If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster.
19. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw
20. I (keep) a horse if I could afford it. '
21. I'd go and see him more often if he (live) on a bus route.
22. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be less violence.
23. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors?
24. If you (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter.
25. You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly.

Conditional sentences: type III

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you.
2. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
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 3. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
4. If he had slipped he (fall) 500 metres.
5. If I (had) a map I would have been all right.
6. If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake.
7. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
8. If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you.
9. If I (realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you.
10. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop).
11. If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money.
12. If you (not sneeze) he wouldn't have known that we were there.
13. If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better.
14. The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door.
15. If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try) to swim across it.
16. If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you.
17. If he had known the whole story he (not be) so angry.
18. I shouldn't have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it.
19. If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.
20. You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
21. If you hadn't been in such a hurry you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
22. If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him.
23. If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) down the wrong street.
24. If you (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was missing.
25. He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country.
26. I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way.
27. You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going.
28. They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) for help.
29. If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket he (not burn) a hole in his coat.
Conditional sentences: mixed types
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration.
2. I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.
3. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
4. You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much.
5. If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.
6. I could repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.
7. Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.
8. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
9. If you shake that bottle of port it (not be) fit to drink.
10. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) with me.
11. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
12. If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
13. If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it.
14. Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road somebody into it.
15. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes.
16. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus I (not buy) it.
17. If they (hang) that picture lower people would be able to see it.
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 18. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
19. If you had touched that electric cable you (be) electrocuted.
20. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.
21. You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.
22. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.
23. The ship would have run aground if the pilot (make) one mistake.
24. I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I (know) that it was the only one you had.
* Type 1
1. If Liz studies hard, she …………………..(pass) her test.
2. If I have time tomorrow, I ……………….(go) shopping with you.
3. If you …………………(turn) off the light, we will be in the dark.
4. If I see Duc, I ………………………(give) him your message.
5. He …………….(send) you some information if you tell him your address
6. If Kate ……………(be) late again, she will lose her job.
7. She will be sick if she ………………….(eat) all that ice-cream.
8. If we ……….(go) out tomorrow evening, we ...................(miss) that new programme on TV.
9. I (be) .................. angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
10. If he (finish) ..................with the computer, I will put it away.
* Type 2
1. If I had a typewriter I ………(type) it myself.
2. If I ………..(know) his address I’d give it to you.
3. He ……….(look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
4. If you ………(play) for lower stakes you wouldn’t lose so much.
5. If he worked more slowly he ………(not make) so many mistakes.
6. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ……………(be) you.
7. More tourist would come to this country if it …………..(have) a better climate.
8. If I were sent to prison you …………(visit) me?
9. If someone………. (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
10. I ………….(buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
11. If he …………..(clean) his windscreen he’d be able to see where he going.
12. If you drove your car into the river you ……………(be able) to get out.
13. If you …………(not belong) to a union you couldn’t get a good job.
14. If I …………(win) a big prize in a lottery I’d give up my job
15. What you …………(do) if you found a burglar in your house
16. If my grandfather ................(be) still alive, he would be a hundred today.
17. I .......................... (offer) to give you a lift if I had my car here.
18. Where ................. (you/ choose) if you could live anywhere in the world?
19.If you............... (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
20. .If I.................. (live) out of town, I..................(take) up the garden.
21. We............ (not have) any money if we...........(not work).
22. I.............. (not mind) living in England if the weather.................. (be) better.
23. If I were you, I.......... (not wait), I.............(go) now.
24. If we..........(have) more reliable car, we...............(drive) to Spain rather than fly.
25. If Mr Morgan............ (be) still head teacher, he .............. (not permit) such bad behaviour.
* Type 3
1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you.
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2. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win).
3. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
5. But for his quickness I (be) killed.
6. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
7. If he had slipped he (fall) 500 meters.
8. If he had asked you, you (accept)?
9. If I (had) a map I would have been all right.
10. If I (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake.
11. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
12. If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you.
13. If I (realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn’t have come with you.
14. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop).
15. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago.
16. If you had taken care of your children, they might (be) more confident.
17. If he had worked hard, he could (earn) enough money
18. If I hadn't cut my hair,it would (be) longer.
19. If the student had spoken politely,the teacher (would/not /be) angry.
20. You wouldn’t have seen the film if you………………..(come) late.
21. You…………….. (hit) the wall if you hadn’t stopped the car.
22. They would have called you if they………………. (have) your telephone number.
23. The company wouldn’t have cut the trees if we………………….(protest).
24. If they had paid attention, they…………………(learn) the lesson.
25. We………………..(go) to the movies, if we had had money.
26. If we had stored the information, we ……………….(save) time.
27. You would have found your book if you ……………….. (look) for it.
28. If she had helped me, I …………………(finish) my homework.
29. If it ……………….(be) sunny, we would have gone to the beach.
30. They…………………….(see) the film if they had come earlier.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. If I (have)...................time, I will write to him.
2. If it’s cold, I (need)........................a heavier coat.
3. What are you going to do if you (have)......................a holiday?
4. If I can go tomorrow, I (let)........................you know.
5. If I should meet Helen, I (give)........................her your message.
6. If flowers don’t get any water, they (die).............................
7. If I (get).....................a headache, I usually take some aspirins.
8. I will go to the party unless it (rain).........................
9. She will buy the car as long as it (not be).......................too expensive.
10. Everything (be).......................provided you tell the truth.
11. If he (come)........................., please tell him that I’ll be back in a few minutes.
12. Don’t come if they (not call)...................you.
13. If you (need)......................, why don’t you tell me?
14. Suppose you (win)........................a lot of money, what would you do?
15. If I got up earlier, I (not be)......................late for work.
16. If I didn’t feel so tired, I (go).....................out with you.
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 17. If you (not pass)................. the exam, would you take it again?
18. If I (be)................. you, I would apply for the job.
19. I could repair the car if I (have)....................the right tools.
20. If I (study).....................hard, I would have passed the exam.
21. If I (not be)......................busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
22. She (go)........................to the university if she had had the opportunity.
23. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take).....................it?
24. If she hadn’t been ill yesterday, she (go)..........................to work now.
25. If I (be)..................you, I wouldn’t have told him the truth yesterday.
26. If today were Monday, I (not go)..........................to work yesterday.
27. What would happen if you (not go)........................to work tomorrow.
28. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be)...................very tired now.
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.
1. Why didn’t you phone? If I (know).............you were coming, I (meet).......you at the
airport.
2. It’s a pity you missed the party. If you (come)............., you(meet)..........my friends
from Hungary.
3. If we (have) ...........some tools, we (be able) to repair the car, but we haven’t got any
with us.
4. Thank you for your help. If you (not help).............., I (not pass).................. the
examination.
5. It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy).............it if I (have)..............the money, but I can’t
afford it.
6. I can’t imagine what I (do).........with the money If I (win).........the football pools or a
lottery.
7. Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he (train).......harder, he (be)........quite a good runner.
8. If Claire (listen)...................to her mother, she (not marry)..................David in the first
place.
9. It rained every day on our holiday. If we (not take)............the television with us, we
(not have) ......................anything to do.
10. Jim is so untidy! If he (buy).............some new clothes, he (not look) ...................so
bad.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.
1. If the earth suddenly (stop) …………. spinning we all (fly) …………. off it.
2. If you (smoke) …… in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object) ……
3. (your parents / not / be) ………………. proud if they could see you now?
4. I’m broke, but I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not / spend) ………… so much
yesterday.
5. If we (work) ……………all right, we (finish) ……………in time; but we have no intention
of doing it
6. If we (have) …………….. a submarine now, we (use) …………it to investigate the seabed
7. Were he ten years younger, he (take) …………….. part in the voyage around the world
8. Should you come late, they (not let) ……………… you in
9. He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) ……………so much
10. If someone (give) …………….you a boat what you (do) …………… ?
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11. Water (freeze) ……………. if the temperature falls below zero
12. I (warn) ………….. you if I had seen you last week
13. He always says hello if he (see) ………… you
14. What would you do if he (resign) …………….. tomorrow?
15. I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) ……………… to me earlier
16. Shout if you (see) …………..anything unusually
17. The engine starts if you (turn) ……………..this key
18. If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) …………….him so soon after the
marriage
19. What (you / say) ………………….if I offered you a job?
20. The children always (get) ………….frightened if they watch horror films
21. If it (not be) _____________ for you, I would be late
22. I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) __________ peace in the
world
23. Were I to become president, my first act (be) __________ to help the poor
24. If he (listen) _____________ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here.
25. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ____________ tired now.
26. I feel as if my head (be) ___________ on fire now, doctor.
27. He always talks as though he (address) ____________ at a public meeting.
28. It was our fault to keep you waiting so long. We (inform) ___________ you in advance.
29. Had I known her address, I (go) _____________ to visit her.
30. He looked frightened as if he (see) _____________ a ghost.
31. I wish I (see) ____________ her off at the airport yesterday.
32. Tom wishes he (have) _________ enough money to buy a new car now.
33. Mary wishes she (become) _________ an astronaut someday.
34. I wish I (have) __________ a day off to visit his parents. He hasn’t seen them for ages
35. He wishes he (not/buy) ______________ that old car.
B. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before
i.t
1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there
 She’d ……………………………………………………………….
2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there
 I’d ………………………………………………………………..
3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert
 If I ………………………………………………………………...
4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.
 If the children ………………………………………………………..
5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution
 If they …………………………………………………………….
6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.
 If he ………………………………………………………………
7. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying..
 If Carol ……………………………………………………
8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.
 If Rita ………………………………………………………
9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.
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 If she …………………………………………………….
10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart
 If he ……………………………………………………..
11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car
 If he ……………………………………………………..
12. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night
 If my house …………………………………………………………
13. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
 If the flats …..………………………………………………………..
14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you
 If I …………………………………………………………………….
15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children
 If she ………………………………………………………………….
16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.
 They ……………………………………………………………..
17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team
 If I ……………………………………………………………………
18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car
 If he ………………………………………………………………….
19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well
 If Peter ………………………………………………………………
20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.
 If Mary ………………………………………………………………
21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
 If you………………………………………………………………….
22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.
 If he ………………………………………………………………….
23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.
 If we …………………………………………………………………
24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.
 If you …………………………………………………………………
25. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.
 If you …………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.
1. “If I were you I wouldn’t accept that offer”. She said to Nam.
=> She told______________________________________________________________
2. “I will pay you a visit if I am free”. She said to me.
=>She told________________________________________________________________
3. “If it rains we won’t be able to go on a picnic”, they said.
=>They said________________________________________________________________
4. “What should you do if you won the first prize in the lottery?” The teacher asked his pupils.
=>The
teacher______________________________________________________________________
5. “If you hadn’t helped me I would have gone bankrupt”, she said to him
=>She told____________________________________________________________________
6. “If I were King you would be Queen”, he said to his wife.
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