JABATAN PENDIDIKAN KEJURUTERAAN

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN

VOKASIONAL

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET

Name MAS ZHAMIR ZHAKWAN BIN ABDUL

AZID
NO MATRIC CB200066
Course ELECTRONIC 2
Course Code BBN 10205
Experiment 07
Experiment Tittle OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
Programme BBN

DENGAN HIKMAH, KITA MENEROKA

WITH WISDOM, WE EXPLORE
EXPERIMENT: SERIES FED CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIER
OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine gain of power amplifier
2. To determine efficiency of series class A power amplifier

EQUIPMENT LIST
1) Multisim software

THEORY:

Class A power amplifier is a type of power amplifier where the output

transistor is ON full time and the output current flows for the entire cycle of
the input wave form. Class A power amplifier is the simplest of all power
amplifier configurations. They have high fidelity and are totally immune to
crossover distortion. Even though the class A power amplifier have a handful
of good feature, they are not the prime choice because of their poor
efficiency. Since the active elements (transistors) are forward biased full time,
some current will flow through them even though there is no input signal and
this is the main reason for the inefficiency. Output characteristics of a Class A
power amplifier is shown in the figure below.
From the above figure its is clear that the Q-point is placed exactly at the
center of the DC load line and the transistor conducts for every point in the
input waveform. The theoretical maximum efficiency of a Class A power
amplifier is 50%. In practical scenario, with capacitive coupling and inductive
loads (loud speakers), the efficiency can come down as low as 25%. This means
75% of power drawn by the amplifier from the supply line is wasted. Majority
of the power wasted is lost as heat on the active elements (transistor).As a
result, even a moderately powered Class A power amplifier require a large
power supply and a large heatsink.
(source : https://www.circuitstoday.com/class-a-power-amplifiers)

PROCEDURES
1. Calculate the Pin(dc), Pout (ac) and efficiency of series class A power
amplifier. Record the result in table 1.
2. Construct circuit of figure 1 using multisim.
3. Simulate circuit of figure 1 by using the right instrument.
4. By using the result from simulation, again determine Pi(dc), Po(ac) and
efficiency. Record the simulation result in table 1. Attach the waveform as
finding.
 Figure 1

RESULT:
Table 1
Parameter Calculation Measurement (Multisim)

= VccIcQ

Pin (dc) = 22x0.96

= 21.12 W

VCE ( p− p ) IC ( p− p)
=
8

Pou (ac) 22 ( 3.23 ) 0.96(3.23)

=
8

= 27.54 W

Po (ac)
%n= x 100
Pi (dc )

Efficiency 21.12W
= x 100
27.54 W

= 76.7%
 (2) Waveform of Output Voltage:

DISCUSSION:
 Discuss calculation and measurement result.

 The calculation of the value almost the same with the measurement.
Measurement more presice between the calculation.

 Discuss the (AV) gain of amplifier.

 Voltage Amplification The voltage amplification (Av) or gain of a voltage

amplifier is given by: Av is a ratio of how much greater the output is than the
input, and hence has no units, with both voltages calculated in the same way
i.e. both RMS, both Peak or both Peak to Peak). It is a fundamental measure of
the gain or efficacy of the amplifier.

 Discuss the drawback of series fed class A amplifier.

 Therefore, the overall efficiency of a series fed class A amplifier is shown to be

25% Since this optimum efficiency will occur only under ideal conditions of both
voltage swing and current swing, efficiencies of far less than 25 percent will be
given by most series fed circuits.

CONCLUSION:

In this lab we presented in depth the characteristics and potential improvements of

Class A amplifiers during this tutorial. We have shown that Class A amplifiers are
biased, as a reminder of the introductory post, as 100% of the input signal can be used
for the amplification phase. In addition, they present a very low quality, but a faithful
signal reproduction.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/amp_5.html
2. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-1/amplifier-gain/
3. https://analyseameter.com/2016/04/class-a-power-amplifier-theory-efficiency-
equation-advantages-disadvantages.html
4. https://coefs.uncc.edu/dlsharer/files/2012/04/F3.pdf
5. https://www.elprocus.com/class-amplifier-circuit-working-applications/