JABATAN PENDIDIKAN KEJURUTERAAN

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL DAN VOKASIONAL

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET

Name MAS ZHAMIR ZHAKWAN BIN ABDUL AZID

No Matric CB200066
Course ELECTRONIC 2
Course Code BBV 30303
Experiment 02
Experiment Tittle SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Programme BBN

DENGAN HIKMAH, KITA MENEROKA

WITH WISDOM, WE EXPLORE

EXPERIMENT: POWER SUPPLY: SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATOR

OBJECTIVES:
1. To learn how to do simulation by using Multisim software.
2. To understand the function of the IC voltage regulator in power supply unit.
EQUIPMENT LIST
1) Multisim software
2) Lab Sheet

THEORY:
The series voltage regulator or series pass voltage regulator uses a variable element placed in
series with the load. By changing the resistance of the series element, the voltage dropped
across it can be varied to ensure that the voltage across the load remains constant.

PROCEDURES
1. Figure 1 shows a series voltage regulator. Calculate the output voltage (V out) and
record the result in table 1. Show all the calculation clearly. Zener diode voltage Vz =
4.7 V, Beta Q2= 100
2. By using Multisim software, construct the circuit with using the correct parameter and
simulate the output at the Vout.
3. Set the DC sweep voltage from 8V to 15 V and increment of 0.5 V. Observe the
output at the probe analysis.
 Vout

Figure 1

RESULT:

Parameter Vout

Calculation = (1+1kΩ/1kΩ)x4.7V
= 9.4V

Measurement(Multisim) = 9.337V

Draw Vout

Characdsfsteristic of series
voltage regulator
DISCUSSION:

What is the function of series voltage regulator and explain the working
principle.

 A series voltage regulator uses a variable element placed in series with the load. By
changing the resistance of that series element, the voltage dropped across it can be
changed. And, the voltage across the load remains constant. Instead of drawing the
current not required by the load to maintain the voltage, it drops the voltage difference
between the input voltage and the required stabilised voltage.

 To maintain a sufficient level of regulation and rejection of noise and transients that
may be on the incoming voltage, series linear voltage regulators need to drop a
significant voltage. Many high quality, low noise and ripple voltage regulators need
several volts across the series regulator element.

 This means that significant levels of power many be dissipated in this component, and
good heat sink and heat removal capability is required for the series pass regulator
device and also the power supply as a whole.

EXPERIMENT B: FOLDBACK LIMITIING SERIES REGULATOR

PROCEDURES
Design the circuit of Figure 2 for VZ 4.7 V and beta ( Q1) beta ( Q2) 100, and vary Vi from
5 V to 20 V, R1=R2=R3=R4=R5=1 kΩ, RSC= 10 Ω. Record the output in table 2. (Op-
amp: uA741, Vz: D1N750)

Figure 2
RESULT
Table 2

NO Voltage In (Vin) Voltage Out (Vout)

1. 5V

2. 6V
3. 7V

4. 8V

5. 9V

6. 10 V

7. 11 V
8. 12 V

9. 13 V

10. 14 V

11. 15 V

12. 16 V
13. 17 V

14. 18 V

15. 19 V

16. 20 V

DISCUSSION :

When you VARY the voltage (V) value, compare the voltage difference.
Give the reason.

 When VIN increases, VOUT attempts to increase.When VIN stabilizes at its new
higher value, the voltages return to their original values, thus keeping VOUT constant
as a result.When VIN or RL decreases, VOUT attempts to decrease. Changes in
VOUT are exaggerated for illustration.

 When VIN stabilizes at its new lower value, the voltages return to their original
values, thus keeping VOUT constant as a result. Foldback limiting series regulator in
a voltage regulator reduces the power consumption, because as the overload increases,
so the current folds back and the overall power consumption falls, keeping the series
pass transistor heat dissipation within more

CONCLUSION :

 This experiment is how to simulate using multisim software. for example how to get
"draw Vout" by using "DC sweep". Next is to understand the function of IC voltage
regulator in power supply. It is an integrated circuit whose basic purpose is to regulate
the unregulated input voltage (definitely over a predefined range) and provide with a
constant, regulated output voltage.

REFERENCES:

1. https://www.eeeguide.com/foldback-current-limiting/
2. https://www.circuitstoday.com/controlled-transistor-series-regulator-with-overload-
and-short-circuit-protection
3. https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/foldback-current-limiting-pdf.30936/
4. https://www.eeweb.com/forums/topic/series-regulator-with-fold-back-current-
limiting-resistors/
5. https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/power-supply-
electronics/current-limiter-circuit.php#:~:text=Foldback%20current%20limiting
%20in%20a,dissipation%20within%20more%20reasonable%20bounds.

EXPERIMENT A
EXPERIMENT B