IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

Detection anemia based on conjunctiva pallor level using k-means

algorithm
To cite this article: N Sevani et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 420 012101

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 152.118.150.183 on 31/10/2019 at 03:44

 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



'HWHFWLRQ DQHPLD EDVHG RQ FRQMXQFWLYD SDOORU OHYHO XVLQJ k-means

aOJRULWKP

16HYDQL)UHGLFLD*%93HUVXOHVV\


)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJDQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH'HSDUWHPHQWRI,QIRUPDWLFV
(QJLQHHULQJ8.5,'$-O7DQMXQJ'XUHQ5D\D-DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD

%DFKHORU&DQGLGDWHLQ)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJDQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH
'HSDUWHPHQWRI,QIRUPDWLFV(QJLQHHULQJ8.5,'$-O7DQMXQJ'XUHQ5D\D
-DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD

QLQDVHYDQL#XNULGDDFLGIUHGLFLD#XNULGDDFLG
JUHQV\DWLQ#FLYLWDVXNULGDDFLG

$EVWUDFW $QHPLD LV RQH RI WKH PRVW FRPPRQ W\SHV RI GLVHDVHV H[SHULHQFHG E\
SHRSOH LQ GHYHORSLQJ FRXQWULHV EXW JHWV OHVV DWWHQWLRQ WR GHDO &XUUHQWO\
VPDUWSKRQHV DSSOLFDWLRQV FDQ EH XWLOL]HG WR VXSSRUW WKH SURFHVV RI DQHPLD
GHWHFWLRQ XVLQJ DQ LPDJH RI WKH FRQMXQFWLYDOSDOORU 7KH .PHDQVDOJRULWKP FDQ
EHDSSOLHGWRFOXVWHUWKHSL[HOVRIFRQMXQFWLYDSDOORULPDJHVZKLFKDUHUHSUHVHQWHG
LQGLJLWDOFKDUDFWHUVZLWKUHG5JUHHQ*DQGEOXH%IRUPDWV7KHFOXVWHULQJ
UHVXOWV IURP WKH XQGHU H\HV LPDJH ZLOO EH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH KHPRJORELQ
FRQFHQWUDWLRQZKLFKLVXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUDSHUVRQVXIIHUVIURP DQHPLD
RU QRW 7KH IXQFWLRQ RI WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQ LV IDFLOLWDWH WKH XVHU WR SHUIRUP DQHPLD
GHWHFWLRQ DQ\WLPH DQG DQ\ZKHUH 7HVW UHVXOWV IURP WKLV DSSOLFDWLRQ LQGLFDWH WKDW
WKH GHWHFWLRQ SURFHVV JLYHV WKH DFFXUDF\ RI  7KLV PHDQV WKDW WKH UHVXOW RI
GHWHFWLRQ WKURXJK WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ KDV D VLPLODULW\ RI  ZLWK WKH UHVXOWV RI
GHWHFWLRQXVLQJWKH(DV\7RXFKŠ*&+EKHPRJORELQWHVW

,QWURGXFWLRQ
$QHPLDLVRQHRIWKHZRUOG¶VKHDOWKSUREOHPHVSHFLDOO\LQWKHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV>@>@>@
7KH SUREOHP RI DQHPLD FDQ RFFXU DW YDULRXV UDQJHV RI DJH IURP LQIDQWV SUHJQDQW ZRPHQ
FKLOGUHQDQGDGXOWV2QHRIWKHW\SHVRIDQHPLDLV,URQ'HILFLHQF\$QHPLD,'$ZKLFKLV
WKH PRVW FRPPRQ QXWULWLRQDO GHILFLHQF\ SUREOHP LQ WKH ZRUOG >@ HVSHFLDOO\ LQ GHYHORSLQJ
FRXQWULHVLQFOXGLQJ,QGRQHVLD,'$ZDVFDXVHGE\DQLPSDFWIURPDGHILFLHQF\RILURQLQWKH
KXPDQERG\7KHUHDUHVHYHUDOZD\VWRFKHFNWKHSUREDELOLW\WKDWVXVWDLQDQHPLDRUQRWE\JHW
WKH PHGLFDO FKHFNXS LQ DODERUDWRULHV RU JR WR WKH GRFWRU WR JHW D FRQVXOWDWLRQ 7KH PDLQ
SUREOHPLQVRPHGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVLVFRVWSUREOHPZKLFKPDNHVWKHSHRSOHLJQRUHGWRJHW
DPHGLFDOFKHFNXS>@
7KHUHIRUH LV QHHGHG RWKHU LQH[SHQVLYH ZD\ DQG ZLWKRXW GRLQJ EORRG FKHFNLQJ LQ D
ODERUDWRU\WRNQRZWKHFRQGLWLRQWKDWKDVDQHPLDRUQRW$QRWKHUDOWHUQDWLYHWKDWFDQEHXVHG
WR GHWHFW DQHPLD LV E\ ORRNLQJ DW D SHUVRQ¶V FOLQLFDO VLJQV EDVHG RQ WKH SDOORU OHYHO RI WKH
PHPEUDQHXQGHUWKHH\HVSDOPVRUQDLOV>@+RZHYHUDPRQJDOOWKHFOLQLFDOVLJQRSWLRQV
WKHH\HPHPEUDQHLVDSDUWWKDWKDVDKLJKDFFXUDF\WKDQWKHRWKHUV>@,QDGGLWLRQSDOHQHVV
RIWKHPHPEUDQHRIWKHXQGHUH\HVLVSDUWRIWKHERG\WKDWLVJHQHUDOO\VDPHLQDOOSHRSOHLQ
WKHZRUOGDQGQRWEHLQIOXHQFHGE\WKHVNLQFRORURIWKHYDULRXVUDFHVDQGHWKQLFJURXSVWKDW
H[LVW>@

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



'HWHUPLQDWLRQRISDOHQHVVOHYHOIURPWKHXQGHUH\HVPHPEUDQHFDQEHGRQHE\ORRNLQJIRU
WKHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQXQGHUH\HVFRORUDQGWKH+EFRQFHQWUDWLRQLQWKHERG\7KDWSURFHVV
ZDV GRQH E\ XVLQJ WKH FRPSXWHU WHFKQRORJ\ ZKLFK FDQ EH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH 5*% 5HG
*UHHQ%OXHIRUPDWIURPWKHXQGHUH\HLPDJHV>@>@7KH.PHDQVDOJRULWKPFRXOGEHXVHG
WRJURXSLQJWKHSLFWXUHRIWKHXQGHUH\HVPHPEUDQHWRGHWHUPLQHRUGHWHFWDQHPLD>@
6PDUWSKRQH WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW KDV H[SDQGHG DQG UHDFKHG YDULRXV DJH UDQJHV IRU FKLOGUHQ
DGXOWVWRWKHHOGHUO\FDQEHXVHGDVDQDSSOLFDWLRQ PHGLXPWRGHWHFWDQHPLD>@>@,'$RI
GHWHFWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQ WKDW FDQ EH DFFHVVHG WKURXJK WKH VPDUWSKRQH ZLOO PDNH LW HDVLHU IRU
SHRSOHWREHDEO\GHWHFWLQJWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIH[SHULHQFLQJ,'$DQ\WLPHDQGDQ\ZKHUHZLWKRXW
KDYLQJWRJRWRWKHODERUDWRU\RUYLVLWDGRFWRU6RE\NQRZLQJKLVKHDOWKFRQGLWLRQDVHDUO\DV
SRVVLEOH WKH\ FDQ SD\ PRUH DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH LURQ FRQWHQW RI IRRG RU GULQN FRQVXPHG RU
LPPHGLDWHO\ YLVLW WKH GRFWRU WR JHW IXUWKHU WUHDWPHQW LI DQHPLD 7KH FUHDWLRQ RI DQHPLD
GHWHFWRUDSSOLFDWLRQVEDVHGRQFRQMXQFWLYDSDOORUOHYHOFDQEHXVHGWRGHWHFWDQHPLDIRUDGXOW
XVHUV ZKR JHQHUDOO\ EXV\ DQG GLIILFXOW WR SHUIRUP PHGLFDO H[DPLQDWLRQV WR D GRFWRU
7KHUHIRUH E\ NQRZLQJ WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI WKHLU ERGLHV LW ZDV H[SHFWHG WR KHOS UDLVH SXEOLF
DZDUHQHVVWRPDLQWDLQDQGLPSURYHKHDOWK\OLIHVW\OHV

0HWKRG
3UREOHPDQGNQRZOHGJHLGHQWLILFDWLRQ
7KLV VWDJH ZDV GRQH WR NQRZ KRZ WR GHWHFW WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI DQHPLD LQ WKH ERG\ E\
FRQGXFWLQJOLWHUDWXUHVWXGLHVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHFULWHULDIRUKHPRJORELQFRQGLWLRQVLQDSHUVRQLI
WKH\ KDYH DQHPLD RU QRW 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ RI KHPRJORELQ OHYHO LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK LV XVLQJ
(DV\7RXFKŠ*&+EKHPRJORELQWHVW(DV\7RXFKŠ*&+ELVDPXOWLSDUDPHWHUEORRGWHVWWRRO
WKDWFDQEHXVHGWRFKHFNEORRGVXJDU*OXFRVHFKROHVWHURO&KROHVWHURODQG+HPRJORELQ
7KLVWHVWNLWZDVFRPPRQO\XVHGDVDWHVWPHGLXPIRUPRQLWRULQJKHDOWK>@

&UHDWLQJVHWLPDJHWUDLQLQJ
,Q WKLV VWDJH D GDWDEDVH FROOHFWHG E\ FKHFNLQJ KHPRJORELQ IRU WKLUW\VL[ YROXQWHHUV WR
H[DPLQH WKH +E FRQWHQW LQ WKHLU EORRG XVLQJ WKH *&+E (DV\7RXFKŠ KHPRJORELQ WHVW DQG
UHWULHYLQJ WKH PHPEUDQH XQGHU KLV H\HV XVLQJ WKH PRELOH FDPHUDZLWK D PLQLPXP
VSHFLILFDWLRQRI03ZLWKIDSHUWXUH7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHFROOHFWHGLPDJHZLOOJHWVHOHFWLRQ
DQGFURSSLQJSURFHVVRIWKHLPDJHWRVHOHFWWKHPHPEUDQHEHORZWKHH\HWKDWZLOOEHSURFHVV
ZLWKWKHSURYLVLRQVRIDSUHGHWHUPLQHGUHVROXWLRQ7KHQWKHVHOHFWHGSDUWZLOOEHFOXVWHUXVLQJ
WKHNPHDQVDOJRULWKPDQGWKHFOXVWHULQJUHVXOWZLOOEHVDYLQJLQWRWKHGDWDEDVH)LJXUHLVDQ
LPDJHRIWKHORZHUPHPEUDQHRIWKHH\HIRUDQHPLDGHWHFWHGDQG)LJXUHLVDFURSSHGLPDJH
RIDSUHYLRXVSURFHVVZLWKGLPHQVLRQVRI[DQGDUHVROXWLRQRIGSLERWKYHUWLFDODQG
KRUL]RQWDOWREHSURFHVVHGWRGHWHFWDQHPLD




)LJXUH 8QGHU H\H LPDJH ZKR  )LJXUH  ,PDJH DIWHU PDQXDO
ZLOOEHSURFHVVHG VHOHFWLRQSURFHVV


2
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



&OXVWHULQJ
7KHUHZDVDVWDJHWRLPSOHPHQWHGWKHNPHDQVDOJRULWKPWRFODVVLI\SL[HOYDOXHVWKDWKDYH
EHHQ REWDLQHG IURP WKH SUHYLRXV SURFHVV 7KH NPHDQV ZDV XVHG WR JURXS HDFK SL[HO RI WKH
LPDJHXVHGLQWKHFRORUFOXVWHUWKDWKDVDVLPLODULW\LQWHQVLW\>@
7KH UHG JUHHQ RU EOXH SL[HO YDOXHV ZLOO EH FOXVWHUHG XVLQJ WKH NPHDQV DOJRULWKP E\
VHJPHQWLQJ HDFK FRORU WKDW GRPLQDWHVWKH LPDJH 7KH SURFHVV RI VHJPHQWDWLRQ ZDV GRQH E\
FDOFXODWLQJWKHYDOXHRIWKHFHQWURLGRIWKHLPDJHIURPWKHXQGHUWKHH\HWREHSURFHVVHG7KH
FORVHVW FHQWURLG YDOXH LV WKH VROXWLRQ WKHQ DOO GDWDVHWV RI WKH FHQWURLG PHPEHUV ZLOO EH
PHDVXUHGLQGLVWDQFHZLWKDQRWKHUGDWDVHWXVLQJHTXDWLRQWRILQGWKH(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFH
7KH (XFOLGHDQ GLVWDQFH YDOXH ZLOO GHWHUPLQH WKH FOXVWHU FRORU GRPLQDQFH RI WKH H[LVWLQJ
SL[HOV 7KDW ZLOO JLYH WKH YDOXH UHG JUHHQ RU EOXH IURP WKH FRORU RI GRPLQDWLRQ WKDW
VHJPHQWHGWREHVWRUHGLQWRWKHH[LVWLQJGDWDEDVH7KHZRUNLQJVRIWKHNPHDQVDOJRULWKPLQ
WKLVVWXG\DUHDVIROORZV
L 6SHFLILHVWKHQXPEHURIWKHFOXVWHUWREHFODVVLILHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHUHVHDUFKQHHGV,QWKLV
VWXG\ ZH XVHG WKUHH FOXVWHUV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH GRPLQDQW FRORU UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ IURP WKH
LPDJH%DVHGRQWKHSUHYLRXVVWXG\RIGHWHFWLQJDQHPLDIURPWKHFRORURIWKHPHPEUDQH
OHYHO XQGHU WKH H\H WKUHH FOXVWHUV DUH REWDLQHG IURP WKH YDOXH RI 5*% LPDJH
VHJPHQWDWLRQ >@ $QRWKHU UHVHDUFK DOVRUHYHDOHG WKDW WR GHWHUPLQH WKH SUR[LPLW\ RI WKH
GLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWKHFOXVWHUSL[HOLPDJHLVJURXSLQJLQWRWKUHHFOXVWHUVWRJLYHWKHUHVXOW
RI D PDWFKLQJ SLFWXUH >@>@>@ ,Q RUGHU WR VHJPHQW WKH GRPLQDQW 5*% FRORU SL[HO
JURXSLQWKHLPDJHZHQHHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHH[DFWQXPEHURIFOXVWHUUHTXLUHGDFFRUGLQJ
WR WKH 5*% LPDJH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ >@ 7KH XVHG RI WKUHH FOXVWHUV DOVR FRQVLGHUHG WKH
FRPSXWDWLRQWLPHIRUWKHPDWFKLQJSURFHVVDVPRUHFOXVWHUZLOOFHUWDLQO\QHHGPRUHWLPH
WR SURFHVV DQG LW FDQ VORZ GRZQ WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ WLPH DQG UHGXFH WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH
V\VWHP>@
LL 3HUIRUP WKH FDOFXODWLRQ SURFHVV WR JHW WKH FHQWHU YDOXH FHQWURLG FOXVWHU E\ XVLQJ
(TXDWLRQZKHUH‫ܥ‬௞ LVWKHFHQWURLGFOXVWHUYDOXH݊௞ FOXVWHUGDWDWRWDOYDOXHDQG݀௜ LV
WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ HDFK FOXVWHU $Q H[DPSOH RI D FDOFXODWLRQ SURFHVV FDQ EH VHHQ LQ
7DEOH  ZKLFK VKRZV WKH LQLWLDO SL[HO FRORU YDOXHV DQG WDEOH  ZKLFK VKRZV WKH LQLWLDO
FOXVWHUYDOXHZKLFKLVWKHYDOXHRIWKHFHQWURLG
‫ܥ‬ భ
σ
    
௞ୀ൬ ൰ ௗ೔
೙ೖ

    7DEOH&RORU3L[HO9DOXH
'DWD 5 * %
   
   
   
   
   

7RJHWWKHFHQWURLGYDOXHWKHPLGGOHYDOXHRIHDFKFRORUDWWULEXWHZLOOEHXVHG([DPSOHRI
WKHFRORUDWWULEXWH5ZLWK,GLV 7KHVWHSKDVGRQHZKHQHDFKFHQWURLGYDOXHRI
HDFKFRORUGDWDZDVREWDLQLQJ




3
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



7DEOH)LUVW&OXVWHU9DOXH
Initial Centroid
Cluster
5 * %
   
   
   

iii. Euclidean distance cDOFXODWLRQIRUHYHU\FOXVWHU&DOFXODWLRQRI(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFH ZLWK
HTXDWLRQ  ZKHUH ‫ ݅ݔ‬LV WKH YDOXH RI WKHx FHQWURLGFOXVWHU DQG yi LV WKH YDOXHRI WKH \
FHQWURLGFOXVWHU
݀ሺ௫ǡ௬ሻୀඥሺ௫௜ି௬௜ሻమାሺ௫௜ି௬௜ሻమ     

)RU H[DPSOH XVLQJ SL[HO GDWD LQ WDEOH  DQG FOXVWHU GDWD LQ WDEOH  WKH FDOFXODWLRQ IRU
FOXVWHULV
G ඥሺͳ͹ͻ െ ͺͻǤͷሻଶ ൅ ሺͳͷͻ െ ͹ͻǤͷሻଶ ൅ሺͳͺͷ െ ͻʹǤͷሻଶ  
GDWDZLWKclusteU
G ඥሺͳ͹Ͷ െ ͺ͹ሻଶ ൅ ሺͳ͵ͻ െ ͸ͻǤͷሻଶ ൅ሺͳ͸ͳ െ ͺͲǤͷሻଶ  
GDWDZLWKcluster
G ඥሺͳͺ͸ െ ͻ͵ሻଶ ൅ ሺͳ͹ͷ െ ͺ͹Ǥͷሻଶ ൅ሺʹͲʹ െ ͳͲͳሻଶ  

%DVHGRQDERYHUHVXOWIURPWKHFDOFXODWLRQ(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFHDWGDWDRQFOXVWHUG
LVZKLOHGDWDRQFOXVWHUGLV7KHVWHSVZLOOEHUHSHDWHGIRU
HDFKFOXVWHURIHDFKGDWD7KHH[DPSOHIURPWKHFDOFXODWLRQGLVWDQFHRIHDFKFOXVWHUZLWK
WKHLQLWLDOGDWDLQ7DEOHDQG7DEOHUHVXOWZLOOVKRZLQ7DEOH

7DEOHCluster JDS
'DWD & & &
   
   
   
   
   

LY 0RYLQJGDWDWRWKHFOXVWHUWKDWKDVDPLQLPXPGLVWDQFHV%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVLQWDEOH
WKHGDWDZDVH[LVWLQFOXVWHU&EHFDXVH&KDVWKHPLQLPXPGLVWDQFHZKHQFRPSDUHG
ZLWK&DQG&
Y &DOFXODWLQJFHQWURLGRIWKHQHZFOXVWHU:HDOVRKDYHWRVHDUFKWKHPHPEHUVRIWKHRWKHU
FOXVWHUV ZLWK WKH VDPH SURFHVV )RU H[DPSOH IRU & WKDW DOUHDG\ JHW WKH PHPEHUV WKH
FHQWURLG RI WKH QHZ FOXVWHU FDQEH FDOFXODWHG E\ ILQGLQJ WKH DYHUDJH YDOXHRIHDFK GDWD
IURPHDFKFRORUYDOXH7KLVVWHSZLOOEHILQLVKHGZKHQDOOFOXVWHUPHPEHUVZHUHIXOILOOHG
DQGWKHSRVLWLRQRIWKHGDWDFOXVWHULVIL[HG
YL 5HSHDWVWHSWRVWHSLIWKHQHZGDWDSRVLWLRQIRUWKHQHZFHQWURLGYDOXHLVGLIIHUHQW,I
WKHQHZGDWDSRVLWLRQIRUWKHQHZFHQWURLGYDOXHKDVWKHVDPHUHVXOWWKHQWKHSURFHVVLV
VWRSSHG 7KH SURFHVVHG GDWD ZLOO EH LQVHUWHG LQWR WKH FOXVWHU ZKHUH WKH GDWD SRVLWLRQ LV
ORFDWHG

4
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101




$IWHUWKHFOXVWHULQJSURFHVVLVFRPSOHWHWKHUHZLOOEHWKUHHFOXVWHUVRIGRPLQDQWFRORUVIURP
WKH LPDJH WUDLQLQJ(DFK FOXVWHU KDV YDOXH 5HG *UHHQ %OXH DQG LW ZLOO EH VWRUHG LQ WKH
GDWDEDVH

,PDJHVPDWFKLQJSURFHVV
,W LV D SURFHVV RI PDWFKLQJ WKH 5HG *UHHQ DQG %OXH SL[HO YDOXH RI WKH GRPLQDQW SL[HO
FRORUVREWDLQHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVSURFHVVDJDLQVWWKHVHWRIWUDLQLQJGDWDLPDJHVLQWKHGDWDEDVH
7KLV PDWFKLQJ SURFHVV EHJLQV ZLWK WKH FOXVWHULQJ SURFHVV WR ILQG WKH GRPLQDQW FRORU RQ WKH
LQSXWWHGLPDJHVIRUDQHPLDGHWHFWLRQ$IWHUJHWWLQJ WKH5*%VHWYDOXH FOXVWHURIWKH LPDJH
WKHQH[WVWHSLVWRILQGWKHPLQLPXP(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFHIURPWKH5*%FHQWURLGYDOXHRIWKH
LQSXWWHGLPDJHZLWKWKHH[LVWLQJ5*%VHWYDOXHLQWKHGDWDEDVH

5HVXOWDQG'LVFXVVLRQ
)ORZFKDUW
)ORZFKDUW RI WKH DQHPLD GHWHFWLRQV DSSOLFDWLRQ V\VWHP KDV VKRZLQ ILJXUH7KLV IORZFKDUW
LOOXVWUDWHVWKHRQJRLQJSURFHVVLQWKHDQHPLDGHWHFWLRQVDSSOLFDWLRQV\VWHP7KHSURFHVVZLOO
VWDUW ZLWK LQSXWWKH LPDJH RI WKH PHPEUDQH XQGHU WKH H\HV WR EH SURFHVVHG DQG WKH JHQGHU
$IWHULQSXWWLQJWKHLPDJHDQGVHOHFWWKHJHQGHUWKHV\VWHPZLOOVWDUWWRFOXVWHULQJWKHLQSXWWHG
LPDJH


)LJXUH$SSOLFDWLRQIORZFKDUW

&OXVWHULQJLPDJHWUDLQQLQJ
7KH GHVLJQ RI WKH DQHPLD GHWHFWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQ EDVHG RQ WKH SDOORU OHYHO RI WKH XQGHU H\H
PHPEUDQHEHJLQVZLWKWKHFOXVWHULQJVWDJHVHWRILPDJHWUDLQLQJWKDWSHUIRUPHGRQWKHEDFN
HQGVLGH7KHDLPRIWKHFOXVWHULQJSURFHVVLVWRVWRUHWKH5*%LPDJHGDWDWKDWLQSXWWHGE\WKH
XVHU REWDLQ WKH 5*% YDOXH IURP WKH LPDJH DQG VWRUH WKH YDOXH LQ WKH GDWDEDVH )LJXUH 
GLVSOD\VWKHDSSOLFDWLRQLQWHUIDFHIRULQSXWWLQJWKHLPDJH


5
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



)LJXUHInput Set Image Trainning Process  )LJXUHInput Analysis Process.

 
7KHXVHUDOVRQHHGVWRLQSXWWKHJHQGHUDVVKRZQLQILJXUHDQGFOLFNLQJWKHDQDO\]HEXWWRQ
WRVWDUWWKHV\VWHPWRSHUIRUPFOXVWHULQJWKHGRPLQDQWFRORULQKH[DGHFLPDOIRUPDW7KHQH[W
VWHSLVWRFRQYHUVHWKHKH[DGHFLPDOYDOXHLQWR5*%YDOXHDQGVWRUHWKHYDOXHWRWKHGDWDEDVH
WKDWGRQHE\FOLFNLQJWKHVXEPLWEXWWRQ7KHFRQYHUVLRQSURFHVVFDQEHVKRZQLQILJXUHDQG
WKHGDWDEDVHFDQEHVKRZQLQILJXUH


)LJXUH Hexadecimal Conversion Process )LJXUHDatabase


(YDOXDWLRQ
,QWKHHYDOXDWLRQSKDVHZHXVHEODFNER[WHVWLQJZKLWHER[WHVWLQJDQGDFFXUDF\WHVWLQJE\
FRPSDUHWKHUHVXOWRIWKHGHWHFWLRQSURFHVVEHWZHHQXVLQJDSSOLFDWLRQDQG*&+E(DV\7RXFKŠ
KHPRJORELQWHVWNLWV7KHEODFNER[WHVWLQJPDGHE\GLVSOD\LQJWKHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWH
WKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHDERXWWKHDSSOLFDWLRQWRWKLUW\VL[XVHUV7KHUHDUHWKUHHHYDOXDWLRQIDFWRUVLQ
WKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXFKDVDSSOLFDWLRQGLVSOD\XVHULQWHUIDFHIXQFWLRQDOLW\RIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ
WKHRYHUDOODSSOLFDWLRQ7KHUHVXOWRIWKHEODFNER[WHVWLQJLVVKRZQLQILJXUH

h^Z ^^^^DEd'ZW,
'ŽŽĚ ŶŽƵŐŚ ĂĚ

Ϯϵ ϯϬ Ϯϲ
ϱ ϰ ϴ
Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ

/ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ KǀĞƌĂůů

)LJXUH8VHUUDWLQJJUDSK

:KLWHER[WHVWLQJLVGRQHE\WHVWLQJWKHORJLFDOIORZLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQVXFKDVORRSLQJDQG
SURFHVV LQ WKH V\VWHP 7KHUH DUH IRXU FDWHJRULHV WHVWHG E\ XVLQJ ZKLWH ER[ WHVWLQJ 7DEOH 
VKRZWKHUHVXOWRIWKHZKLWHER[WHVWLQJ



6
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



7DEOH:KLWH%R[7HVWLQJ7DEOH
([DPLQDWLRQ 5HVXOW
,QSXWLPDJHIURPWKHSKRQHJDOOHU\ 6XFFHVV
'HWHFWLRQSURFHVVRIWKHLQSXWLPDJH 6XFFHVV
'LVSOD\WKHGHWHFWLRQUHVXOW 6XFFHVV
*LYHDUHIHUHQFHEDVHRQWKHGHWHFWLRQ
6XFFHVV
UHVXOW

7KHDFFXUDF\WHVWLQJLVGRQHE\FRPSDULQJWKHUHVXOWIURPWKHDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKWKHUHVXOWRI
WKH *&+E (DV\7RXFKŠ KHPRJORELQWHVW NLWV 7KH WHVW LQYROYHG WHQ UHVSRQGHQWV WKDW
FRQVLVWLQJ RI IRXU IHPDOH DQG VL[ PDOH 7KH UHVXOW RI WKH IHPDOH UHVSRQGHQWV VKRZ 
DFFXUDF\EXWWKHUHVXOWIRUPDOHUHVSRQGHQWVVKRZWKHUHLVRQHFDVHPLVPDWFK%DVHGRQWKH
UHVXOWV RI WKH DFFXUDF\ WHVWV LW FDQ EH VKRZQ WKDW WKH DFFXUDF\ RI WKH DQHPLD GHWHFWLRQ
DSSOLFDWLRQLVGXHWRIURPWHQGDWDWHVWLQJWKHUHLVRQHPLVPDWFKUHVXOW

&RQFOXVLRQ
'HWHFWLQJ DQHPLD EDVHG RQ WKH PHPEUDQH OHYHO XQGHU WKH H\H XVLQJ WKH .PHDQV DOJRULWKP
FDQEHGRQHE\PDNLQJDQLPDJHGDWDEDVHRIDQHPLDWKDWKDVEHHQGRQHE\FOXVWHULQJWRJHW
WKHGRPLQDQWFRORU7KHXVHRIWKH.PHDQVDOJRULWKPZLOOJHWWKHGRPLQDQWFRORUFOXVWHULQJ
LQ WKH LPDJH RI WKH XQGHU H\HV PHPEUDQH VR LW FDQ EH VHDUFKHG WKH VLPLODULW\ RI GRPLQDQW
FOXVWHU YDOXH ZLWK WKH H[LVWLQJ GDWD LQ WKH GDWDEDVH WR JHW WKH FRQFOXVLRQ RI WKH GHWHFWLRQ
UHVXOW)URPWKHWHVWUHVXOWVLWFDQEHVHHQWKDWWKHUHVXOWVRIGHWHFWLRQXVLQJDQHPLDGHWHFWLRQ
DSSOLFDWLRQSURYLGHVWKHDFFXUDWHUDWHRI


5HIHUHQFHV
>@ &ULWFKOH\ -XOLD DQG ,PHOGD %DWHV ³+DHPRJORELQ FRORXU VFDOH IRU DQHPLD GLDJQRVLV
ZKHUH WKHUH LV    QR ODERUDWRU\ D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ´ International Journal of
Epidemiology, 9RO
>@ .KDQ $GHHO $KPHG DQG 0XKDPPDG 0DVRRG .DGLU ³$FFXUDF\ DQG 8VH RI :+2
+HPRJORELQ&RORU6FDOHIRU'LDJQRVLVRI$QHPLD$PRQJ3UHJQDQW:RPHQE\+HDOWK
&DUH3URYLGHULQ3HULXUEDQ6HWWLQJLQ.DUDFKL3DNLVWDQ´Asia-Pacific Journal of Public
Health, 9RO
>@ 0DUQ+HLNRDQG-XOLD$OLVRQ&ULWFKOH\³$FFXUDF\RIWKH:+2+DHPRJORELQ&RORXU
6FDOH IRU WKH GLDJQRVLV RI DQHPLD LQ SULPDU\ KHDOWKFDUH VHWWLQJ LQ ORZ LQFRPH
FRXQWULHV D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ DQG PHWDDQDO\VLV´ Institute of Tropical Medicine and
International Health, 9RO
>@ 1 6LQKD 3 5 'HVKPXNK DQG % 6 *DUJ ³(YDOXDWLRQ RI :+2 KDHPRJORELQ FRORXU
VFDOH SDOPDUSDOORUIRUVFUHHQLQJRIDQDHPLDDPRQJFKLOGUHQPRQWKVLQUXUDO
:DUGKD,QGLD´Indian Journal Medis, 
>@ 6KHWK 7DUDQJ 1 1LWHHVK . &KRXGKU\ 0DWW %RZHV DQG $OODQ 6 'HWVN\ ³7KH
5HODWLRQRI &RQMXQFWLYDO3DOORU WR WKH3UHVHQFHRI$QHPLD´Journal Gen Intenr Med,

>@ &KHQ<L0LQJ6KDRX*DQJ0LDRXDQG+RQJ\X%LDQ³([DPLQJSDUSHEUDOFRQMXQFWLYD
IRUDQHPLD DVVHVPHQW ZLWKLPDJH´Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine,


7
 

2nd Nommensen
 International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018)
1234567890‘’“” 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101



>@ 6XQHU 6HOLP *UHJRU\ &UDZIRUG -RKQ 0F0XUG\ DQG *UHJRU\ -D\ ³1RQLQYDVLYH
'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI +HPRJORELQ E\ 'LJLWDO 3KRWRJUDSK\ RI 3DOSHEUDO &RQMXQFWLYD´ The
Journal of Emergency Medicine9RO
>@ /LX 1D DQG 5XLIHQJ <X ´,GHQWLI\LQJ 'HVLJQ )HDWXUH )DFWRU &ULWLFDO WR +DHPRJORELQ
&RORXU6FDOHIRUWKHGLDJQRVLVRIDQDHPLDLQSULPDU\KHDOWKFDUHVHWWLQJLQORZLQFRPH
FRXQWULHV D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ DQG PHWDDQDO\VLV´ Institute of Tropical Medicine and
International Health, 9RO
>@ 7VDL 7VDL+VXDQ .HYLQ & 7VHQJ <XQJ6KHQJ &KDQJ ³7HVWLQJ WKH 8VDELOLW\ RI
6PDUWSKRQH 6XUIDFH *HVWXUH RQ 'LIIHUHQW 6L]HV RI 6PDUWSKRQHV E\ 'LIIHUHQW $JH
*URXSVRI8VHUV´Computer in Human Behavior, 
>@ ZZZHDV\WRXFKPHWHUFRPGLDNVHV)HEUXDUL
>@ 5DR .DUUL 7DWD DQG &K5DPHVK ³%DVHOLQH -3(* ,PDJH &RPSUHVVLRQ ZLWK .0HDQV
&OXVWHULQJ %DVHG $OJRULWKP´ International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile
Computing, 9RO
>@ *DPLQR6DQFKH] )HUQDQGR HW DO ³%ORFN0DWFKLQJ )X]]\ &0HDQV FOXVWHULQJ
DOJRULWKP IRU VHJPHQWDWLRQ RI FRORU LPDJHV GHJUDGHG ZLWK *DXVVLDQ
QRLVH´Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 9RO
>@ 'DERY .RVWDGLQ $OHVVDQGUR )RL 9ODGLPLU .DWNRYQLN DQG .DUHQ (JLD]DULQ ³,PDJH
GHQRLVLQJE\VSDUVH'WUDQVIRUPGRPDLQ FROODERUDWLYHILOWHULQJ´IEEE Transactions
on image processing, 9RO
>@ /H&DSLWDLQH+RHODQG&DUO)UHOLFRW³$IDVWIX]]\FPHDQVDOJRULWKPIRUFRORULPDJH
VHJPHQWDWLRQ´EUSFLAT, SS
>@ 'KDQDFKDQGUD 1DPHLUDNSDP .KXPDQWKHP 0DQJOHP DQG <DPEHP -LQD
&KDQX³,PDJH VHJPHQWDWLRQ XVLQJ .0HDQV FOXVWHULQJ DOJRULWKP DQG VXEWUDFWLYH
FOXVWHULQJDOJRULWKP´Procedia Computer Science, 9RO