Homework 13

Nika Kurdadze
December 12, 2020

16.5

11. If C is the oriented boundary of surface S ,and ψ and φ are arbitrary smooth scalar fields,
show that: I I ZZ
φ∇ψ • dr = − ψ∇φ • dr = (∇φ × ψ) • N̂ ds
C C S

first notice that since field is smooth and since C is the oriented boundary of surface S , we can use
Stokes’s Theorem. also, ∇ψ and ∇φ are vector fields, so we can use the formula:
∇ × f G = ∇f × G + f (∇ × G) we have: f = φ and G = ∇ψ

curl(φ∇ψ) = ∇ × φ∇ψ = ∇φ × ∇ψ + φ(∇ × ∇ψ) = ∇φ × ∇ψ + 0 = ∇φ × ∇ψ

similarly:

curl(ψ∇φ) = ∇ × ψ∇φ = ∇ψ × ∇φ + ψ(∇ × ∇φ) = ∇ψ × ∇φ + 0 = ∇ψ × ∇φ = −∇φ × ∇ψ

by Stokes’s theorem we have:

I ZZ ZZ
φ∇ψ • dr = curl(φ∇ψ) • N̂ ds = (∇φ × ψ) • N̂ ds
C S S

similarly I ZZ ZZ
− ψ∇φ • dr = − curl(ψ∇φ) • N̂ ds = (∇φ × ψ) • N̂ ds
C S S
Is ∇φ × ψ solenoidal? Find a vector potential for it. It is clear, that it is solenoidal and φ∇ψ is
vector potential for it.

12. Let C be a piecewise smooth, simple closed plane curve in R3 , which lies in a plane with
unit normal N̂ = ai + bj + ck and has orientation inherited from that of the plane. Show that the
plane area enclosed by C is
I
1
(bz − cy)dx + (cx − az)dy + (ay − bx)dz
2

since C is a piecewise smooth, simple closed plane curve and it has orientation inherited from that
of the plane. we can use Stokes’s theorem:
 
i j j
∂ ∂ ∂
div((bz − cy)i + (cx − az)j + (ay − bx)k) =  ∂x ∂y ∂z
 = 2ai + 2bj + 2ck
(bz − cy) (cx − az) (ay − bx)

1
By Stokes’s Theorem :
I ZZ
1 1
(bz − cy)dx + (cx − az)dy + (ay − bx)dz = div((bz − cy)i + (cx − az)j + (ay − bx)k)ds
2 S 2
ZZ
= (a2 + b2 + c2 )ds
S

since N̂ is unit vector a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, so integral is: (a2 + b2 + c2 )ds which is clearly area of
RR
S
the surface bounded by given curve.

13. We have to proof that: If F is a smooth vector field and C is a circle of radius  centred
at point P and bounding a disk S with unit normal N̂ (and orientation inherited from C ; ), then
I
1
lim+ 2 F • dr = F • N̂
→0 π C

By Stokes’s Theorem: I ZZ
F • dr = F • N̂ ds
C S

, since  approaches zero, double integral approaches function at P times area. so

ZZ
lim+ F • N̂ ds = F • N̂ (P )π2
→0 S

and that proves theorem.