UNIVERSIDAD LAICA ELOY ALFARO DE MANABÌ

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

UNIT 3: Taller 3

Student’s Name: Luiggi Ronaldo Macias Bailon

Career/ Level: 9no Nivel “B”

Email: luiggimacias96@gmail.com

Cell phone number: 0981667412

Professor: Lic. Yuliana Roca Castro Mg.Eii.

Email: yuliana.roca@uleam.edu.ec
6. GERUNDS IN SCIENCE

There are three main types of gerund phrases that can be used in Science.

1. GERUND PHRASES AS SUBJECTS:

Example:

E. Developing new prototypes is an interesting task.

C. Desenvolupar nous prototipus És una tasca interessant.
S. Desarrollar nuevos prototipos es una tarea interesante.

2. GERUND PHRASES AFTER PREPOSITIONS:

Examples:

a) Before + gerund

E. An engineer must write a project before ending his studies.

C. Un enginyer ha d’escriure un projecte abans d’acabar la carrera.
S. Un ingeniero debe escribir un proyecto antes de acabar la carrera.

b) After + gerund

E. After pushing the button, the machine is turned off.

C. Després De prémer el botó, s’apaga la màquina.
S. Después de apretar el botón, se apaga la máquina.

c) without + gerund

E. Without using pliers, some experiments might be dangerous.

C. Si no s’utilitzen les pinces, alguns experiments poden ser perillosos.
S. Sin utilizar pinzas, algunos experimentos podrían resultar peligrosos.

3. BY + GERUND PHRASES TO DESCRIBE MANNER OR METHOD:

Like in Catalan or Spanish, a gerund can be used in English to describe the way something is
done. Unlike Catalan or Spanish, however, English requires the use of the preposition by
before the gerund.

Example:

E. An engine produces power by burning air and fuel.

C. Un motor produeix energia cremant aire i combustible.
S. Un motor produce energía quemando aire y combustible.
Investigation

A gerund phrase is a phrase that consists of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated
with it.

1. GERUND PHRASES AS SUBJECTS:

Gerunds as Subjects A gerund can be the subject of a sentence. It is always singular. Use a
third-person singular verb after a gerund.

Example:

Voting is an important responsability

2. GERUND PHRASES AFTER PREPOSITIONS:

A gerund is a verb form that ends in ing, to form it you just add “ing” to the verb in its base
form. And a preposition is used to join two words of a sentence, it is also used to accompany a
verb without altering its meaning or it can alter it by forming a new word.

Example:
After

After having a shower, I waited for Steven.

Before

The tablet must not be taken before getting up in the morning.

Without

He told the joke without laughing.

3. BY + GERUND PHRASES TO DESCRIBE MANNER OR METHOD:

A method of doing something can be expressed with a prepositional phrase that includes by +
a gerund. (The prep. phrase is an "adjunct" to the main clause because the sentence can be
considered complete without it.)

Example:

By removing the wrapping paper.

GERUNDS IN SCIENCE EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1. Fill in the gaps using the suitable gerund :

introducing mixing insulating bending deleting achieving

1. Before deleting any document, think twice.

2. Without insulating many rooms lack good acoustics.
3. Bending a sheet of plastic it may break.
4. By introducing new techniques, technology has developed dramatically.
5. After mixing some music, the sound engineer was exhausted.
6. Archieving marketing goals is not always easy.

EXERCISE 2. Choose the correct gerund in each case:

speeding designing manufacturing supplying inventing allowing

1. Designing new car models some companies get very rich.

2. Speeding causes many accidents on the road.
3. After manufacturing the goods, they are dispatched within some hours.
4. Before inventing the telegraph, people used to communicate differently.
5. Without supplying enough water land becomes dry.
6. By allowing electricity to flow through some filaments, lightbulbs shine.