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TECHNICAL NOTE
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On Cold-Formed Steel Construction

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute ● Washington, DC ● www.cfsei.org ● 800-79-STEEL

INTRODUCTION TO COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAMING DESIGN AIDS

Summary: Both steel industry and manufacturers’ associations provide design aids that assist engineers with the
proper application of the cold-formed steel design challenges. Design examples and design aids are essential to
educate an engineer in the proper use and design of cold-formed steel members, connections and assemblies. This
Tech Note provides an overview of some of the available cold-formed steel framing design aids.

Disclaimer: Designs cited herein are not intended to preclude the use of other materials, assemblies, structures or
designs when these other designs demonstrate equivalent performance for the intended use. CFSEI documents are
not intended to exclude the use and implementation of any other design or construction technique.

Design examples and design aids are essential to educate an engineer on the proper use and design of cold-
formed steel members, connections and assemblies. This Tech Note provides an overview of some of the
available cold-formed steel framing design aids. For more information or to purchase/download any of
these design aids, visit the websites of the respective organizations listed on page 5 of this Tech Note.

AISI D100, “COLD-FORMED STEEL DESIGN MANUAL”

AISI D100, “Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual,” is a

two-volume set. Volume 1 provides design aids, and
Volume 2 consists of AISI S100, North American
Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Members and the Commentary.

Volume 1 of AISI D100 has six parts. Part I includes

information on the material properties of sheet steels
used for cold-formed steel members, tables of section
properties, and equations to calculate section properties
for common shapes. Parts II, III and IV include charts,
tables and design examples for the design of beams,
columns and connections. Part V discusses design for
ponding and system stability and provides a
bibliography of AISI standards, design guides and
CFSEI Technical Notes. Part VI provides a
bibliography of pertinent test methods.

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute 1 TECH NOTE B005-20 October 2020

 AISI D110, COLD-FORMED STEEL
FRAMING DESIGN GUIDE
AISI D110, “Cold-Formed Steel Framing Design
Guide,” is for the design engineer of cold-formed steel
framing systems for buildings. A general review of
basic structural principals is provided along with five
detailed design examples. The design examples cover
wind bearing (i.e., curtain wall) and axial load bearing
stud walls and joists. The design examples illustrate
both in-line framing and ledger framing design
concepts.

The design examples demonstrate how to translate the

information available in load tables into complete
structural systems. Both screwed and welded
connection details are included. Useful information on
the strength of commonly used concrete anchors and
self-drilling screws is also included.

AISI D112, “BRICK VENEER COLD-FORMED

STEEL FRAMING DESIGN GUIDE”
AISI D112, “Brick Veneer Cold-Formed Steel Framing
Design Guide,” assists practicing structural engineers and
architects in the design of brick veneer anchored to a
backing of cold-formed steel framing for commercial and
mid-rise buildings. The methods presented may also be
conservatively applied to low-rise residential buildings.

This wall system is designed to resist out-of-plane wind and

earthquake loads and to provide an environmental separation
between internal and external conditions. The relevant
structural and building science principles are reviewed.
General guidelines for the detailing of these walls are
provided along with some specific structural design
recommendations. Design examples covering various
elements of this system are also provided.

AISI D113, “COLD-FORMED STEEL SHEAR WALL DESIGN GUIDE”

AISI D113, “Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Design Guide,” provides discussion of light-frame cold-
formed steel shear wall design with examples that illustrate the application of AISI S240, North American
Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Framing and AISI S400, North American Standard for Seismic
Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems design provisions. In addition to five shear wall design
examples that consider either wind or seismic loading, the guide also presents design examples for shear
wall components, e.g., collectors and chord studs. Shear wall deflection or story drift is also considered in
an example problem.

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute 2 TECH NOTE B005-20 October 2020

 AISI D310, DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF PROFILED STEEL
DIAPHRAGM PANELS BASED ON AISI S310-16
Five example problems are presented in AISI D310, Design Examples for the Design of Profiled Steel
Diaphragm Panels Based on AISI S310-16. The example problems illustrate the evaluation of both
strength and stiffness for various profiled deck configurations and applications.

CFSEI TECHNICAL NOTES

CFSEI has developed more than 40 Technical Notes
which cover many aspects of cold-formed steel
design, including:

 General topics
 Fasteners and connection design
 Shear wall design
 Truss design
 Joist and wall design

CFSEI also provides 103 construction details. Although the details indicate they are for low-rise
structures, many of the details are also applicable to mid-rise structures. The details are available at
www.cfsei.org/construction-details.

“STEEL DECK ON COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAMING”

“Steel Deck on Cold-Formed Steel Framing,” is a design guide developed by the Steel Deck Institute
(SDI). It is the first design manual that specifically addresses the design of steel deck on cold-formed steel
framing. The design of steel deck is similar to deck on heavier rolled beams or open web steel joists, but it
requires attention to some different detailing and fastening methods.

The manual provides design equations as well as example problems and diaphragm design tables. SDI also
provides a web-based Diaphragm Interaction Calculator for easy calculation of steel deck diaphragms
under the influence of combined wind uplift and diaphragm shear in accordance with AISI S310, North
American Standard for the Design of Profiled Steel Diaphragm Panels. The calculator is available at
www.sdi.org/calc.html.

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute 3 TECH NOTE B005-20 October 2020

 FRAMING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION DESIGN GUIDES
Two framing industry associations, Steel Framing Industry Association and Steel Stud Manufacturers
Association, provide technical guides for their cold-formed steel framing products. These design guides
include tabulated values for section properties, limiting wall heights tables, combined axial and lateral load
tables, floor joist tables, header tables, web crippling tables and fastener tables. Typical details are also
provided.

The www.buildsteel.org website provides articles and eBooks with information on the economical
and efficient use of cold-formed steel framing.

STEEL FRAMING ALLIANCE

The Steel Framing Alliance offers design guides to
assist the design and construction industries, such as:

 “Thermal Design and Code Compliance for Cold

-Formed Steel Walls”
 “A Guide to Fire and Acoustic Data for Cold-
Formed Steel Floor, Wall and Roof Assemblies”

CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING

INSTITUTE
Design manuals and design guides available from the
Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute include:

 “Lightweight Steel Framing Design Manual – 2nd

Edition”
 “Lightweight Steel Framing Member Selection
Tables (Imperial)”
“Steel Stud Brick Veneer Design Guide”

“COLD-FORMED STEEL DESIGN, FIFTH

EDITION”
This book is recognized by professionals around the
world as the definitive text on cold-formed steel
design. It is co-authored by Wei-Wen Yu, Ph.D.,
P.E.; Roger A. LaBoube, Ph.D., P.E., and Helen
Chen, Ph.D., P.E. and published by Wiley. It
provides descriptions of the construction and
structural behavior of cold-formed steel members and
connections from both theoretical and experimental
points of view.

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute 4 TECH NOTE B005-20 October 2020

 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)

AISC offers a suite of design guides. Two guides of interest to cold-formed steel design include:

 “Design Guide 3: Serviceability Design Considerations for Steel Buildings (Second Edition)”
 “Design Guide 11: Vibrations of Steel-Framed Structural Systems Due to Human Activity (Second
Edition)”

INDUSTRY WEBSITES

 American Institute of Steel Construction, www.aisc.org

 American Iron and Steel Institute, www.steel.org
 Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute, www.cssbi.ca
 Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures, www.ccfssonline.org
 Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute, www.cfsei.org
 Steel Deck Institute, www.sdi.org
 Steel Framing Alliance, www.steelframing.org
 Steel Framing Industry Association, www.cfsteel.org
 Steel Stud Manufacturers Association, www.ssma.com

Primary author of original Tech Note:

Roger LaBoube, Ph.D., P.E., Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures

Technical Review:
Jay Larson, P.E., F.ASCE, American Iron and Steel Institute
Julie Lowrey, P.E., Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety
Robert Madsen, P.E., Devco Engineering, Inc.
Andrew Newland, P.E., ADTEK Engineers, Inc.
Brandon Wahl, P.E., 360 Engineering Group
Robert Wills, P.E., American Iron And Steel Institute

This “Technical Note on Cold-Formed Steel Construction” is published by the Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute (“CFSEI”).
The information provided in this publication shall not constitute any representation or warranty, express or implied, on the part of
CFSEI or any individual that the information is suitable for any general or specific purpose, and should not be used without
consulting with a qualified engineer, architect, or building designer. ANY INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY MAKING USE OF THE
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS PUBLICATION ASSUMES ALL RISKS AND LIABILITIES ARISING OR
RESULTING FROM SUCH USE. CFSEI believes that the information contained within this publication is in conformance with
prevailing engineering standards of practice. However, none of the information provided in this publication is intended to represent
any official position of CFSEI or to exclude the use and implementation of any other design or construction technique.
Copyright © 2020, Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute ● Washington, DC ● www.cfsei.org ● 800-79-STEEL

Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute 5 TECH NOTE B005-20 October 2020