Hazard Recognition
Presented at
Risk Management Seminar & Workshop
Organized by KMI-Banten & AMC/CMA
Hotel Permata Krakatau – Cilegon
16-17 February 2007
By Stephen S. Rahmat
P.T. Alp Petro Industry – Gempol – Pasuruan - Jatim
Hazard Recognition
Objective :
What is hazard ?
How do we recognize it ?
How do we deal with it ?
Should we live with it or should we
escape ?
Hazard Recognition
The trick to success is to develop a habit of quick
observation of our surroundings.
There are only a few ways we get hurt.
We are caught in, on, or between something.
We come in contact with heat,chemicals, or
electricity.
We are struck by something as it moves,
We strike something as we move.
We fall.
We overexert ourselves.
Caught in (Terlilit)
Source : Moving equipment such as shafts,
rollers, screw conveyors, etc.
Preventive Measures :
Avoid getting parts of our bodies in the area
where the pinch occurs.
Provide guards or tools to protect.
TANPA PELINDUNG …..
Caught on (Tersangkut)
Source : Protruding object like pipe hook, or snag
that can grab us as we are moving or as
it is moving past us.
Preventive Measures :
Look at this hazard.
Eliminate the protrusion.
Guard it with a smoother surface.
AKIBAT
KEBIASAAN BURUK
BAD ARRANGEMENT
Caught between (Terjepit )
Source : Two parts of machine are moving
Preventive Measures :
Stay away.
Provide guards to aid us staying away.
GARA2 DIAJAK BICARA
BISA TERSANGKUT JUGA
TANPA SADAR ….
Contact (Bersentuhan)
Source : Heat, Chemicals, electricity
Preventive Measures :
Be aware that they are present.
Put something between you and the
source.
Eliminate the hazard.
TIDAK DIINSULASI
TIDAK STANDAR
ASAL-ASALAN
Strike or struck by
(Menabrak atau terantuk)
Source : No clear passage while we
are moving or something is
moving toward us.
Preventive Measures :
Aware of motion by you or the object.
Keep the pathways of the motions clear.
Don’t believe being aware of “pay attention”, not
realistic.
PANDANGAN
TERHALANG
BERJALAN
TANPA WASPADA
Fall (Jatuh)
Falls on the same level (ketinggian yang sama)
Falls from elevation (jatuh dari ketinggian)
Source : Maintaining balance is not
possible all the time
Preventive Measures : Same level
Clear and flat pathways.
Improve surface traction (water, oil, ice to be
removed from under foot).
Level surfaces must have adequate roughness
TERPELESET GARA 2
TUMPAHAN MINYAK / AIR
Fall (Jatuh)
Falls from elevation
Preventive Measures :
Put barrier between you and the edge (many times
simply space).
Do not work so close to the edge.
Method to arrest the fall, such as nets or belts with
short tie offs.
Proper work surface to provide better balance control
when working at elevation.
TANPA LIFE LINE
TANPA SAFETY BELT
Overexertion
(Terbebani berlebihan)
Source : Do things without getting help and put
ourselves in positions where our leverage is
poor.
Preventive Measures :
Do not lift weight more than 25 kg for a long period
of time.
If exceeds that level, better get help, mechanical or
human.
Pushing and pulling shall be included.
Do not work too fast, a good pace with adequate
break to avoid muscle strain and sprain.
TERLALU
MEMAKSAKAN DIRI,
TIDAK ERGONOMIS
P
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Section 3. Modeling
NIOSH Lifting Guidelines
(lb.) (Kg)
200 Body Interference The lift should
should be
be eliminated
eliminated
80 Limit by using “Engineering
Controls.”
Hazardous
WEIGHT LIFTED
150
60
Lifting
100 Conditions
40 Functional Reach
Limit Maximum
Administrative Permissible
50 20 Limit
Controls
Required
Action
Acceptable Limit
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 (cm)
0 10 20 30 (in.)
HORIZONTAL LOCATION OF LOAD
Key words…..
It is not enough to just see the hazard.
YOU MUST TAKE ACTION TO MANAGE YOUR
EXPOSURE TO THAT HAZARD.
It is YOU, not someone else, YOU !!
Just saying “They should do something” is not enough.
You must manage your own work risks.
Repeated failure to work safely will eventually get you
seriously hurt.
SH & E INSPECTIONS
There are four types of inspection techniques
Which provide opportunity for everyone to be
involved without a lot of effort
SH & E INSPECTIONS
GENERAL
¾ Good for management, looks at everything
¾ Misses the more complex issues
HAZARD BASED
¾ Focuses on one hazard at a time, thorough
¾ Caught, Contact, Strike, Fall, Overexert, Land, Air,
Water
¾ Provides excellent training
SH & E INSPECTIONS
TOPIC BASED
¾ Similar to Hazard based, but looks at topics
¾ Electrical cords, hand tools, lighting, forklifts, flexible
hoses, drums, leaks, waste water systems, valves,
drains, etc.
AREA / PROCESS BASED
¾ Looks in depth at an area or a process
¾ Tank Farm, Utilities, Blending System, Heating
System, Reactor, Drying System, Filling System, etc.
¾ Some knowledge of area/process helps
SH & E INSPECTIONS
With these techniques,
everyone can be
involved improving their
area of work raising
their awareness and
providing 80-120
inspections each month
without a large
commitment of time by
anyone.
Personnel exposure vs Severity of injury
Table 1
> 10 persons
6-10 persons
3-5 persons
1-2 persons
Medical Lost/Restric
First Aid Treatment ted Work Fatality
Frequency vs Property Loss
Table 2
>10 times/year
6-10 times/year
2-5 times/year
1 time/year or less
Business
Moderate
Low loss High loss threatening
loss
loss
Complexity vs Severity of Injury or Loss
Easy &/or
Inexpensive
Normal &/or On-site
Approval
Hard &/or Special
Request of Head
Office
Difficult &/or
Board's Approval
Medical Lost / Fatality or
First Aid or Treatment or Restricted Business
Low Loss Moderate Work or High Threatening
Loss Loss Loss
The end
Encourage hazard recognition at your plant to
avoid any incident and to enhance safety
awareness
Thank you
