Safe Work

At Height
 Domestic Arrangements

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 Introductions

Name
Education/Qualifications
Position and Organization
Experience
Anything special about yourself – demonstrate that
talent or special gift
Trainer – M Dawood CMIOSH

 MSc Process Safety & Loss Prevention (UK)

 BSc Chemical Engineering
 NEBOSH IGC OHS with distinction (UK)
 OHSAS 18001, ISO 1400 & ISO 9001 Lead Auditor
 HazCom for Consultants(CAN)
 Safety Leadership (OBI)
 Level 3 (UK) First Aid Trainer
 Disaster Preparedness (USA), Energy Technology (USA)
 Cert IV Training and Assessment ( AUS)
 International Award in Delivering Training ( UK)
 Workstation Ergonomics & Safe Use of Display Screen Equipment (UK)
 Experience in Fertilizer, Oil and Gas, Mechanical Construction
 Approved Tutor for NEBOSH, IOSH, CIEH, PECB, HABC & IRCA
Qualifications
 Conducted 7000+ man days of 3rd party internationally recognized trainings
SBS Services
 SBS Accreditations

Pakistan’s first ever IOSH accredited centre

Pakistan’s first ever NEBOSH accredited centre

Pakistan’s first ever HABC accredited centre

Pakistan’s first ever CIEH accredited centre for Level 4
SBS Presence
SBS Associations
SBS Clients
SBS Clients
SBS Clients
 Training Schedule

0900-1700 Hrs

Lunch- 1300-1400
Coffee / tea morning and afternoon- 1030 &1530 Hrs for
15 minutes
 Course Expectations
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

Any Question , want to ask at this stage??

 DISCLAIMER
The information presented in this presentation has been
compiled from sources believed to be reliable and is
intended to be a tool to assist and guide you in working
safely at heights. This program may not address all the
hazardous conditions or unsafe acts that may exist. For
that reason, SBS cautions users to confirm accuracy and
compliance with their company procedures. Implementation
of any practices suggested by this program is at your sole
discretion, and SBS will have no liability to any party for any
damages including, but not limited to, direct, indirect,
special or consequential damages, arising out of or in
connection with the information provided or its use.
 Learning Outcomes
By the end of the course, participants will be able to
Describe working conditions where fall protection is
required including ladders, scaffold, MEWP and cranes
Identify the components of a personal fall arrest system

Demonstrate how to fit and remove a full body harness

Inspect personal fall arrest systems before and after use

 Common Causes of Falls are:
 Water, oil or grease not cleaned up.
 Loose, defective broken floor or tow board.
 Scrap, chipping, swat and obstructions lying on the way.
 Dusty, steamy or smoky atmosphere restricting vision.
 Carrying too much load making it difficult to see over the load.
 Warn out or unsuitable footwear.
 Poor lighting, glare or shadows.
 Rushing instead of walking.
 Defective or weak scaffolds.
 Ladders, ramps, planks and platforms not rigid or safe for the job.
 No or inadequate handrails.
 Climbing oddly instead of using ladder.
 Throwing instead of lowering tools or materials while working aloft.
 Not using spectacles for clear vision.
 Not using crawling board on fragile roof.
 Not using a safety belt or using in a wrong way, e.g. not tying its free-
end or tying it with a weak support.
 Not closing the manhole cover or floor-opening etc.
 Allowing roof & floor work at a time in same place.
 Touching of crane boom, hook etc. to weak or unfastened structure.
 Non-compliance of statutory provisions.
Most of the falls from height prove fatal or result in serious fracture.
Therefore their prevention or control is utmost necessary.
Control Measures for Fall Accidents
 Safe, sound and dry (non-slippery) surfaces for walking and working.
Fencing, guarding and tow boards.
 Safe helmet, safety belt, foot-wear, etc.
 Safe practice in walking and working. No excessive load lifting.
 Safe means of access while working at height or depth.
 Use of crawling board, cat ladder, fall arrester net etc. while working on
fragile roof.
 Use of work permit for working at height or in depth.
 Safe & sound ladders, scaffold etc. and safe use thereof.
 Good lighting and supervision, cutting off power supply in overhead electric
lines.
 Safety cordon to disallow persons in the area where any object may fall
from height.
 Removal of 20 causes mentioned above.
 Basic Procedure

1 Work at heights must be undertaken only by

skilful and trained employees or contractors
and authorised by trained person

2 Responsible people for authorizing work at

heights must:
• Inspect work installation conditions before the
beginning of the task and during it;
• Raise critical points;
• Evaluate risks;
• Define safer methods where necessary.
3 All workers at heights have to be
authorised to carry out the task.

e.g. Work at heights checklist & permit to

work

4 Demarcate and clearly sign areas of

work at heights.
5 If there are workers in the pavements
below, they have to wear safety
helmets.

6 Analyse the forces to which structures

and equipment will be exposed
(weight of equipment, material, etc).
7 Weather and climate conditions
must be taken into account.

ONG
WR

8 All access to elevated areas must

have a safe system to prevent falls.
9 Medical advice should be sought by
employees to establish whether or
not they are medically fit for such
job.

10 Safety lines and safety harnesses should be

attached to predetermined safe anchorages.
 Access Equipment

Inspec tion Occasional / Regular / Operational

Task
minor major
Access and Work Equipment `
maintenance maintenance

General access scaffolds

Tower (mobile) scaffolds

Mobile elevated work platforms (MEWP)

Boatswain’s chair and cradles

Ladders

Roof ladders and crawling boards

Permanent access ladders and walkways

 Ladder Safety

“No matter how quickly a job can be done,

there is always time to fall”

Unsafe Safe
 Ladder Safety
Follow these four simple steps in ladder safety:

• Use the right ladder for the job

• Inspect the ladder
• Set-up the ladder properly
• Follow rules for climbing and using ladders
 Ladder Safety

Don’t: Do:
overreach from a ladder move the ladder
use the top two rungs get a taller ladder
use wood or metal use fiberglass only
ladders get down and move the ladder
move a ladder while on it
use a toolbelt
climb with material
get a 2nd ladder
share a ladder
 Ladder Safety
Always:
• Maintain three points of contact with the ladder at all times
• Maintain the center line of your body between the ladder’s vertical
support rails while working
• Check bottom of shoes and ladder rungs for grease and dirt
• Make sure ladder has non-skid pads
• Ensure spreaders are fully extended and locked
• Test pullies, springs, rung locks and ropes on extension ladders
• Store ladders on their side or secure with a chain or cable when
stored in an upright position
 Ladder Safety
Extension ladders:
• A minimum of 1 meter overlap is required
• Must be secured at the top
• Must have area secured with cones or barrier tape, or have
an attendant
 Ladder Safety
Follow the 4:1 rule when using ladders

6m
(20 ft)

1.5 m
(5 ft.)
 Fixed Access Ladder
Fixed access ladders are widely used
as means of access to and egress in
process industry. For fixed access
ladders reaching a height of 3 metres
or more, the following points should be
noted:

● suitable safety hoops should be

installed;
● the spacing of the safety hoops
should not exceed one metre;
 Fixed Access Ladder
● the lowest safety hoop should be installed at a height not
exceeding 3 metres above the ground;
● the highest safety hoop should be installed one metre above
the upper end of access and egress. If it is a working platform,
the hoop should be connected to the guard-rail of the
platform; and
● there should be a suitable landing place or rest platform at
an interval of not greater than 9 metres along the fixed access
ladder. The landing place or rest platform should be
fitted with suitable guard-rails of adequate strength.
 Step Ladder

handle

platform

stile
safety
ladder lock inspection tag
(or cords)

step/tread

non-slip feet
Step Ladder – Which Type?
Type Advantages Disadvantages
Aluminium Light Conducts electricity
Strong Conducts heat
Robust May fail suddenly after
Low maintenance extreme heat exposure
Wood Does not conduct Can dry & split – need
electricity when dry regular maintenance
Natural insulator against (clear varnish)
heat/cold Heavy
Can fail suddenly
Fibreglass Does not conduct Heavy
electricity Can crack & fail
Withstands short suddenly if overloaded
exposure to high temps Chip or crack under
Can tell if heat applied severe impact
Step Ladder – The Right Way
Scaffolds
 Scaffold Inspection
Foundations:
Check to see if the ground is solid and firm.
Check to see if the ground is level.
Check to see if is free from hazards.
Check for sole boards.
Check for base plates.
The minimum requirements for sole boards when erecting
scaffolding is.
On firm ground – 450mm long x 225 x 35mm.
On soft ground – 765mm long x 225 x 35mm.
Under two (2) standards – 1.55m long x 225 x 35mm.
 Scaffold Inspection
Standards
Check that standards are sitting on sole board & base plate.
Check to see if the standard is straight.
Ledgers
Check to see if there are connected to the standard with the correct fitting, (double
coupler).
Check to is if the ledger in level.
Transoms
Check to see if the transoms are level.
Check to see if the transoms are fitted correctly.
Either to the Standards by means of the double coupler.
Or fixed to the ledger by mean of putlog coupler.
Check the spacing is correct.
 Scaffold Inspection
Boards:
Check the boards for cracks and splits or other form of
damage.
Check to see if the boards sit flat and firm on the scaffold.
If damage is found remove them from site and take them out of
service.
Toe Boards
Check to see if toe boards are fitted to all side of the scaffold.
Check to see if all accesses are kept clear from tripping
hazards.
Correct height of toe board 150mm.
 Scaffold Inspection
Hand Rails
Check to see if handrails are fitted to all sides of the scaffold.
Check to see if the handrails are level.
Check to see if the handrails are fitted at the correct height.
Check the distance between handrails does not exceed 470mm
Ladders
Check to see if the ladder is damaged.
Check the stills (sides) and rungs for cracks or splits.
Check the angle is 75 or ratio 1 in 4.
Check the tie off points (top and bottom).
Check the step off point (I meter above landing place.
 Scaffold Inspection
Fittings
Check that the correct fitting is used.
Check to see if the fitting is used correctly and not upside down.
Check that the fitting is fastened correctly.
Check that the fitting is not damaged.
Working Platforms
Check that the working platform is complete and no boards
missing.
Check that there are no big gaps in the platform allowing
materials/personnel to fall through.
Check to see if the platform is free from hazards.
Guardrail System
 Fall Speed v/s Reaction Time
In 1 second your body
will fall 10m (32ft)

Good body reaction time

= 0.2 seconds
Travel distance in 0.2
seconds = 2m (6.5ft)

By the time you react your body will be 2m below

where you were standing
 Scaffold DOs
Make sure a competent person has inspected the scaffold
before you go up.
Wear a hard hat whether you work on or under a scaffold.
Be sure to wear sturdy shoes with nonslip soles as well.
Use a personal fall arrest system whenever required.
Watch out for co-workers on the scaffold as well as people
below.
Always use common sense when working on any scaffold,
and move around slowly and carefully.
Ask a supervisor if you're not sure if a scaffold or working
conditions are safe
 Scaffold DO NOTs
Take chances.
Overload a scaffold.
Keep debris or unnecessary materials on a scaffold where
someone could trip over them or accidentally knock them
off the platform.
Hit a scaffold with anything heavy—a truck, a forklift, a load
of lumber, etc.
Leave materials and equipment on the platform at the end
of the day.
Use an outdoor scaffold in stormy or windy weather, or if
it's covered with ice or snow.
Precautions for Mobile Tower
Don’t overload
Use outriggers
Do not extend beyond manufacturer recommendations
Lock the wheels
Place on firm ground level
Do not use in high winds
Beware of overheads
Do not move when someone working above
Climb from inside
 MEWP Hazards
Entrapment
Overturning
Falling
Collision
 Selecting MEWP
When choosing a suitable elevated working platform, the following points
should be taken into consideration:
● type and size of the platform required;
● the loading capacity, height of elevation, mobility and stability;
● the conditions and restrictions on the road or at the place where the
platform is set up, e.g. whether there are traffic lanes nearby;
● the distance to be kept between the platform and the nearby object (such
as building);
● passageway for safe access to and egress from the platform;
● type and nature of the material to be carried; and
● whether the manufacturer or the agent provides training courses on
maintenance and operations of the platform.
 MEWP Controls
● inspect the platform thoroughly every time before use;
● ensure the load to be carried does not exceed the maximum safe
working load as specified by the manufacturer;
● rest the elevated working platform on an even and solid ground;
● extend the outriggers of the elevated working platform fully if the
working platform has such provision;
● ensure the elevated working platform is kept at a safe distance from
overhead cables;
● label all operation buttons for their usage and direction of operation;
● secure all guard-rails of the platform;
● do not move the platform while there are workers remaining on it;
● cordon off the working area of the platform to avoid other persons
from being endangered;
● examine, test and maintain the platform regularly and keep records;
● provide proper training and give adequate instruction to workers
before assigning them to use the working platform. The training and
instruction should include:
❖ detailed safety operating procedures specified by the manufacturer;
❖ limitations on using the platform;
❖ limits on loading;
❖ items to check before using the platform; and
❖ demonstration and practice on the operating procedures.
 Access to Top of Vehicles
Employers and occupiers should provide their workers with a safe means
of access and egress should there be a need for workers to work on top of
the vehicle/ container. Some examples include:
Truck loading gangways and gantries; and/ or
Use of portable access platform.
 Work Positioning System / Belts
A work positioning belt is a form of body
support that works in tension or
suspension to keep a person at an
elevation with both hands free to perform
a job.

It is critical to note that work positioning

belts are not designed to arrest a fall.
• Considered only if it is not possible to employ other safer means to
access
• the work at heights.
• All persons assigned to use work positioning systems must be
competent
• Use the system only as intended by manufacturers’ specifications.
• A work positioning belt is linked to an anchorage using a work
positioning lanyard.
• An independent lifeline should be attached to protect the person at
work in an inadvertent fall.
• It is critical to ensure that all components selected are compatible as a
work positioning system.
• Have the work positioning system inspected as a system, and not as
individual components, by a competent person.
 Fall Arrest System
 PFAS (Personal Fall Arrest Systems)
 Safety Nets
 PFAS Components

Full Body
Harness

Anchorage

Connectors

Lanyard with
Shock Absorber
 PFAS
1. Tie-off Point
2.Lifeline
3.Rope Grab
4.Shock-Absorbing
Lanyard
5.Cross-Arm Strap
6.Retractable Lifeline
7.Full-Body Harness
8.Restraining Belt
9.Restraining Lanyard
10.Carabiner
 Positioning System
1. Tie-off Point
2.Lifeline
3.Rope Grab
4.Shock-Absorbing
Lanyard
5.Cross-Arm Strap
6.Retractable Lifeline
7.Full-Body Harness
8.Restraining Belt
9.Restraining Lanyard
10.Carabiner
 Donning a Harness

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6
 Adjust the harness to a snug fit
 Correctly use the attachment
points
 Use ONLY the back (dorsal)
D-Ring for fall arrest

Energy Absorbers
 Lanyard Guidelines
Maximum free-fall distance
Minimum free-fall distance
Climbing above anchorage
Lanyard position
Clearance 6 ft 1.8 m
Clearance
3.5 ft 1.1 m
Connecting snap-hooks (you you)
Swing fall 1.8 m
6
Tie-off ft
User weight
Determining Fall Distance
 Connector Guidelines
Connect only to compatibly sized
objects
Connect only to circular objects
Don’t combine equipment from different
manufacturers
Never connect two snaphooks together
Never connect a snaphook directly to
webbing or rope
Visually check each connection that
you make
 Anchorage Guidelines
Remember to only use load tested anchor points to attach
your lanyards, the use of scaffolding, pipe work, timber, AC
support brackets are not acceptable unless load testing
has been undertaken and documented as well as regular
inspections by a competent person.

Load tested at –
5,000 lbs. (2268
kg) by
competent
structural
engineer
Anchorage Point DONOTs
Swing Fall Hazards
Self Retracting Lanyards
 Lifelines
 Determination
 Must withstand
load of 5,000 lbs.
(2268 kg) for each
person attached (2
people = 10,000 lbs
etc.)
 Structural survey
 Qualified person
 Structural engineer
 Competent person
for fall protection
 Manufacture’s
design criteria
Safety Net System
Inspection, Cleaning and Storing
EXAM
QUESTIONS?