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Three Phase Power Calculation

The document discusses power calculations for three-phase systems. It explains that instantaneous power in a balanced three-phase system is non-pulsating and smoother than a single-phase system. It also describes how to calculate active power, reactive power, apparent power, and power factor. Finally, it outlines the two-wattmeter method for measuring total power in a three-phase system using only two wattmeters.

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Gabriel Carl Alpuerto
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677 views9 pages

Three Phase Power Calculation

The document discusses power calculations for three-phase systems. It explains that instantaneous power in a balanced three-phase system is non-pulsating and smoother than a single-phase system. It also describes how to calculate active power, reactive power, apparent power, and power factor. Finally, it outlines the two-wattmeter method for measuring total power in a three-phase system using only two wattmeters.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Carl Alpuerto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THREE PHASE

POWER
CALCULATION

1
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Instantaneous power

Phase voltage of Y connected


Phase current, lagging by :
load with Z  per phase:

v AN ( t)  2 Vp cos(t) ia ( t)  2Ip cos(t  )

vBN ( t)  2 Vp cos(t  120o ) ib ( t)  2Ip cos(t    120o )

v CN ( t)  2 Vp cos(t  120o ) ic ( t)  2Ip cos(t    120o )

Total instantaneous power: p = vANia + vBNib+ vCNic

p( t)  2 VpIp [cos(t) cos(t  )  cos(t) cos(t    120o )  cos(t) cos(t    120o )]

Which can be re-written as:

p( t)  VpIp [3 cos   cos(2t  )  cos(2t    240o )  cos(2t    240o )]

 p(t)  3 VpIp cos 


2
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Instantaneous power p(t)  3 VpIp cos 

• Instantaneous power is NON PULSATING

• Smoother energy conversion for electrical machine in 3-


phase system

• True for delta () connected load too

3
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Complex, apparent, active, and reactive

Phase voltage Vp  Vpv (rms) Phase current Ip  Ipi (rms)

The complex power per phase:

Sp  V pI*p  V p I p cos   jV p I p sin 


 Pp  jQp

Total complex power:


S  3 VpIp*  3 VpIp

VL
For Y connection, Vp  and Ip  IL
3

 S  3VL I L 

Apparent power is as before, i.e. S S


4
Total 3 phase power (for Balanced 3 phase system,  and )

SC  3VL I L  complex power


P  3VL I L cos  average or real or active power
Q  3VL I L sin  reactive power
S  3VL I L apparent power
pf  cos  power factor

5
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Power measurement using a wattmeter

wattmeter is an instrument used for measuring the average power.

The basic structure Equivalent Circuit with load

If v(t) = Vmcos (t + v) and i(t) = Imcos (t + i)

then the wattmeter will measure the average power:

cosv  i 
VmIm
Reading on wattmeter  P 
2
6
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Power measurement using a wattmeter

wattmeter is an instrument used for measuring the average power.

7
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

3-phase power measurement using wattmeters: two-wattmeter method

In order to measure average power in 3-phase system ONLY 2


wattmeters are needed
Vcb
Z Y  Z Y 
Vcn Ic
Vca Vab

30o

30o
 Van
Vbn Ia
30o

Vbc

Reading by wattmeter1, P1  VabIa cos1   VLIL cos(  30o )

Reading by wattmeter2, P2  VcbIc cos2   VLIL cos(  30o )

8
Balanced 3-phase systems POWER CALCULATION

Reading by wattmeter1, P1  VabIa cos1   VLIL cos(  30o )

Reading by wattmeter2, P2  VcbIc cos2   VLIL cos(  30o )

IT CAN BE SHOWN : P1  P2  3VLIL cos()  PTotal  P1  P2

P2  P1  VLIL sin()  QTotal  3 (P2  P1)


QTotal
 tan  
PTotal

• This is also true for a  connected load as well

• This is also true if the load is unbalanced (ONLY for P1+P2)

• Two-wattmeter method CANNOT be used for a 3-phase, 4 wire system


UNLESS the neutral current = 0

• P1=P2  resistive load, P2 > P1  inductive load, P2 < P1  capacitive load

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