1.
Rhodesia, named after Cecil John Rhodes, who
acquired the British South Africa Company in the
19th century, was the past name of which African
country?
Answer: Zimbabwe
2. Prior to October 10, 2011, when the Netherlands
Antilles was dissolved, this island was administered
as the Island Territory, one of five island territories
of the former Netherlands Antilles.  13. This space between Cape Horn of South America and
Answer: Curacao
3. Which of the Great lakes is located completely
within the boundary of the United States?
Answer: Lake Michigan
4. He founded the Socialist Party of the Philippines in
1929, which merged with the older Communist Party
of the Philippines (PKP) in 1939. He was also the
founder and head of the "Aguman Ding Maldang
Talapagobra (AMT)" and also the "General Workers
Union (1933)".
Answer: Pedro Abad Santos
5. It is the first Sulu-United States Treaty concluded on
August 20, 1899 allowing American presence in Sulu.
Answer: Bates Treaty
6. Known by his nome de plume Quioquiap, he is one
of the anti-Filipino writers who wrote to counter the
Reform or Propaganda Movement in the 1880s to
the 1890s. He was notorious for his open hatred of
Filipinos as shown in his "Filipinas: esbozos y
pinceladas" (The Philippines: outlines and images),
published in Manila in 1888.
Answer: Pablo Faced
7. The principal aims of this party were immediate
peace and annexation of the Philippines to the
United States. Promulgated by 125 illustrados, the
party elected Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as president.
Answer: Federal Party
8. She was elected in the local election of December
14, 1937. Ranking second among the councillors
elected, her victory marked the entry of women into
Philippine local politics.
Answer: Carmen Planas
9. What is the name of Filipino armed contingent that
helped the Americans capture Aguinaldo?
Answer: Macabebe Scouts
10. He is a Swiss sculptor employed to sculpt the Rizal
Monument in 1912.
Answer: Richard Kissling
11. He named the Philippines Las islas de San Lazaro he
reached the islands at the feast day of St. Lazarus.
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
12. Where was the landing spot of the 10 Bornean datus
who had escaped (along with their families) from the
rule of their sultan, Makatunaw of Borneo?
Answer: San Joaquin, Panay island
the Antarctic Peninsula has the worst seas in the
world. It is common for this passage to have
hurricane force winds every other week. It was
named after an English Privateer who successfully
circumnavigates the world.
Answer: Drake Passage
14. Aside from the Vatican, there is another country that
is landlocked by Italy. It is the oldest surviving
sovereign state and constitutional republic in the
world, as the continuation of the monastic
community founded on 3 September 301, by
stonecutter Marinus of Rab, and it has the world's
oldest constitution still in effect. What is this
country?
Answer: San Marino
15. It is a Presocratic belief which provides an
explanation of the physical world by saying that all of
the world's objects are composed of a single
element.
Answer: Material monism
16. It is the geographic southern tip of Africa and the
official dividing point between the Atlantic and
Indian Oceans.
Answer: Cape Agulhas
17. It is the philosophical study of the nature
of being, existence or reality as such, as well as the
basic categories of being and their relations.
Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of
philosophy known as metaphysics, it deals with
questions concerning what entities exist or can be
said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped,
related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according
to similarities and differences.
Answer: Ontology
18. It is a speculative idea about the afterlife condition
of those who die in original sin without being
assigned to the Hell of the damned. 
Answer: Limbo
19. Called "the father of Latin Christianity" and "the
founder of Western theology”, he is the first
Christian author to produce an extensive corpus
of Latin Christian literature. He also was a notable
 early Christian apologist and a polemicist
against heresy. He is perhaps most famous for being
the oldest extant Latin writer to use the
term Trinity (Latin trinitas), and giving the oldest
extant formal exposition of a Trinitarian theology.
Answer: Tertullian
20. King Tonino is the current monarch of this, the
smallest kingdom on Earth. It was established in
1836 and is presently a part of Italy. What is the
name of this island kingdom?
Answer: Tavolara
21. RNA is made from DNA through transcription so the
genetic code can be taken out of the nucleus to
make proteins. Codons are the result of translation
of RNA at the ribosomes. Of the four bases of DNA,
which is not represented in RNA?
Answer: Thymine
22. He was a Dutch physiologist, biologist and chemist.
He is best known for showing that light is essential
to photosynthesis and thus having
discovered photosynthesis. He also discovered that
plants, like animals, have cellular respiration.
Answer: Jan Ingenhousz
23. It is a turning or growth movement by a plant or
fungus in response to gravity.
Answer: Gravitrophism
24. It is a movement in which an organism moves or
grows in response to touch or contact stimuli.
Answer: Thigmotrophism
25. He was the first person to discover chloroplasts in
plants.
Answer: Julius von Sachs
26. If the deepest point is the Marianas Trench, what is
the second deepest point?
Answer: Puerto Rico Trench
27. A body of water that is usually a dry creek or stream
bed—gulch that temporarily or seasonally fills and
flows after sufficient rain.
Answer: Arroyo
28. At 37.9 kilometres (23.5 mi), this tunnel possesses
the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the
world.
Answer: Channel Tunnel
29. Organism which feeds on dead and decaying
organisms, allowing the nutrients to be recycled into
the ecosystem.  generations before.
Answer: Saprophyte
30. He became the first non-American to win
the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942.
According to the Pulitzer Prize website he was
awarded "For his observations and forecasts of Far
Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble
centers from Hong Kong to Batavia." 
Answer: Carlos P. Romulo
31. It refers to the search for animals whose existence
has not been proven. This includes looking for living
examples of animals that are considered extinct,
such as dinosaurs; animals whose existence lacks
physical evidence but which appear in myths,
legends, or are reported, such as
Bigfoot and Chupacabra; and wild animals
dramatically outside their normal geographic ranges,
such as phantom cats.
Answer: Cryptozoology
32. It is the study of evolutionary relatedness among
groups of organisms (e.g. species,populations),
which is discovered through molecular sequencing
data and morphological data matrices.
Answer: Phylogenics
33. A subtopic of zoology, it is the scientific study of
animal behavior, and a sub-topic of zoology.
Answer: Ethology
34. It is an abnormal connection or passageway between
two epithelium-lined organs or vessels that normally
do not connect. It is generally a disease condition,
but it may be surgically created for therapeutic
reasons.
Answer: Fistula
35. It is a transition area between two adjacent but
different patches of landscape, such as forest and
grassland. It may be narrow or wide, and it may be
local (the zone between a field and forest) or
regional (the transition between forest and
grassland ecosystems). It may appear on the ground
as a gradual blending of the two communities across
a broad area, or it may manifest itself as a sharp
boundary line.
Answer: Ecotone
36. It is the origin and the development of an organism –
for example: from the fertilized egg to mature form.
It covers in essence, the study of an organism's
lifespan. 
Answer: Ontogeny
37. It is a biological term for an evolutionary throwback,
such as traits reappearing which had disappeared
Answer: Avatism
38. It is the combination of DNA and proteins that make
up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. Its primary
functions are to package DNA into a smaller volume
to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow
mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and
to control gene expression replication.
Answer: Chromatin
39. The work that gained him international reputation
was his development of a method of
staining bacteria. The stain later played a major role
in classifying bacteria. Who is he?
Answer: Hans Christian Gram
40. They are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all
the blood cell types which includes monocytes and
macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils,
and platelets.
Answer: Hemocytoblast
41. Doctrina Christiana is the oldest book published in
the Philippines. Who authored this book?
Answer: Fr. Juan de Plasencia
42. He was the first Sultan of Maguindanao in
the Philippines. A native of Johor on the Malay
Archipelago, Kabungsuwan later re-settled
in Mindanao in the Philippines where
he preached Islam to the native tribes around the
region.
Answer: Shariff Kabungsuwan
43. It is the act of attempting to convert people to
another opinion and, particularly, another religion.
Answer: Prosetylism
44. It is biological term for the the consumption of feces.
Many animal species practice this as a matter of
course; other species do not normally consume feces
but may do so under unusual conditions.
Answer: Coprophagia
45. It is a trend of thought that favors equality of some
sort among moral agents, whether persons or
animals. Emphasis is placed upon the fact that
equality contains the idea of equity of quality. Moral
agents should get the same, or be treated the same,
or be regarded as possessing the same quality in
some respect despite race, religion, ethnicity, sex,
sexual preference, gender expression, species,
political affiliation, economic status, social status,
and/or cultural heritage.  a life of Virtue in agreement with Nature. This meant
Answer: Egalitarianism
46. It is a collective term for schools of thought following
or referring to G. W. F. Hegel's philosophy which can
be summed up by the dictum that
"the rational alone is real", which means that all
reality is capable of being expressed in rational
categories. 
Answer: Hegelianism
47. In philosophy, it is the divine reason that acts as the
ordering principle of the universe. The term is
derived from Greek for “word” or “reason” and was
used in ancient and medieval philosophy and
theology.
Answer: Logos
48. It is the view that the Universe and God are
identical. Its believers thus do not believe in
a personal, anthropomorphic or creator god. This
view denotes the idea that "God" is best seen as a
process of relating to the Universe. 
Answer: Pantheism
49. Also called intellect or intelligence, it is a
philosophical term for the faculty of the human mind
which is described in classical philosophy as
necessary for understanding what is true or real,
very close in meaning to intuition. It is also often
described as a form of perception which works
within the mind, rather than only through the
physical senses.
Answer: Nous
50. His philosophy is best known for being the originator
of the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical
elements. He also proposed powers called Love and
Strife which would act as forces to bring about the
mixture and separation of the elements. These
physical speculations were part of a history of the
universe which also dealt with the origin and
development of life.
Answer: Empedocles
51. He was one of the earliest Greeks to develop the
theory of atomism — the idea that everything is
composed entirely of various imperishable,
indivisible elements called atoms — which was
elaborated in greater detail by his pupil and
successor, Democritus. 
Answer: Leucippus
52. It refers to an object or idea whose very existence,
or acknowledgment, is a paradox.
Answer: Socratic Paradox
53. A philosophy in which the purpose of life was to live
rejecting all conventional desires for wealth, power,
health and fame, and by living a simple life free from
all possessions.
Answer: Cynicism
54. He is known for his attempt to repudiate the classical
observationalist / inductivist form of scientific
method in favour of empirical falsification. He is also
known for his opposition to the
classical justificationist account of knowledge which
he replaced with critical rationalism, "the first non
justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of
philosophy". He is also known for his vigorous
defense of liberal democracy and the principles
of social criticism that he came to believe made a
flourishing "open society" possible.
Answer: Karl Popper
55.  He is known for having inspired two of the century's
principal philosophical movements, logical
positivism and ordinary language philosophy, though
in his lifetime he published just one book review,
one article, a children's dictionary, and the 75-
page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus In 1999 his
posthumously published Philosophical Investigations
was ranked as the most important book of 20th-
century philosophy.
Answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein
56. It is a theory of knowledge that asserts that
knowledge comes only or primarily via
sensory experience. One of several views of
epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along
with rationalism, idealism and historicism, this
emphasizes the role of experience and evidence,
especially sensory perception, in the formation of
ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions.
Answer: Empiricism
57. This school of Japanese historical and Shinto study
was made for the project of compiling the Dai
Nihonshi, or The Great History of Japan. The
fundamental approach of the project was Neo-
Confucianist, based on the view that historical
development followed moral laws. Tokugawa
Mitsukuni believed that Japan, as a nation that had
long been under the unified rule of the emperor,
was a perfect exemplar of a "nation" as understood
in Sinocentric thought.
Answer: Mitogaku
58. It is a form of discrimination or social prejudice
against people with disabilities.
Answer: Ableism
59. It is the view that the truth value of certain claims—
especially claims about the existence or non-
existence of any deity, but also other religious
and metaphysical claims—is unknown or
unknowable.
Answer: Agnosticism
60. It is the philosophical study of value. It is either the
collective term for ethics and aesthetics—
philosophical fields that depend crucially on notions
of value—or the foundation for these fields, and
thus similar to value theory and meta-ethics.
Answer: Axiology
61. This philosophy made by a famous mathematician
views the mind as being wholly separate from the
corporeal body. Sensation and the perception of
reality are thought to be the source of untruth and
illusions, with the only reliable truths to be had in
the existence of a metaphysical mind. Such a mind
can perhaps interact with a physical body, but it
does not exist in the body, or even in the same
physical plane as the body.
Answer: Cartesianism
62. It was originally a word used in Hindu philosophy as
a synonym for that part of the Veda texts known also
as the Upanishads. By the 8th century CE, the word
also came to be used to describe a group of
philosophical traditions concerned with the self-
realization by which one understands the ultimate
nature of reality (Brahman). 
Answer: Vedanta
63. It is a part of theology, philosophy, and the
futurology concerned with what are believed to be
the final events in history, or the ultimate destiny of
humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the
world or the World to Come. 
Answer: Eschatology
64.  In its original and primary meaning, it is an
exaggerated, bellicose patriotism and a belief in
national superiority and glory.  It is an eponym of a
possibly fictional French soldier Nicolas Chauvin who
was credited with many superhuman feats in
the Napoleonic wars.
Answer: Chauvinism
65. It is the theological position that every other
theological position assumes too much about the
concept of God and many other theological
concepts.
Answer: Ignosticism
66. It refers specifically to a political thesis of Kim Il-sung
that identifies the Korean masses as the masters of
the country's development. From the 1950s to the
1970s, Kim elaborated the idea into a set of
principles that the government uses to justify its
policy decisions. Among these are independence
from great powers, a strong military posture, and
reliance on Korean national resources. 
Answer: Juche
67. It is a term used in philosophy to refer to subjective
conscious experiences as 'raw feels'. Examples of
these are the pain of a headache, the taste of wine,
the experience of taking a recreational drug, or the
perceived redness of an evening sky.
Answer: Qualia
68. This movement encompasses themes such as
the spiritual use of cannabis and the rejection of
western society, called Babylon, from the
metaphorical Babylon of the Christian New
Testament. It proclaims Africa also called Zion, as the
original birthplace of mankind, and from the
beginning of the movement the call
to repatriation to Africa has been a central theme.
Answer: Rastafarian Movement
69. It is the nontrinitarian belief that the Heavenly
Father, Resurrected Son and Holy Spirit are
different modes or aspects of one God, as perceived
by the believer, rather than three distinct persons
in God Himself.
Answer: Sabellianism
70. It is a dialogue between two or more people holding
different points of view about a subject, who wish to
establish the truth of the matter by dialogue, with
reasoned arguments. It is different from debate,
wherein the debaters are committed to their points
of view, and mean to win the debate, either by
persuading the opponent, proving their argument
correct, or proving the opponent's argument
incorrect — thus, either a judge or a jury must
decide who wins the debate.
Answer: Dialectics
71. It is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a
fluid under the influence of a spatially
uniform electric field.
Answer: Electrophoresis
72. At 4,884 metres above sea level, it is the highest
mountain in Indonesia, the highest on the island
of New Guinea, the highest of Oceania, and the 5th
highest mountain in political Southeast Asia. It is also
the highest point between the Himalayas and the
Andes, and the highest island peak in the world.
Answer: Puncak Jaya  tobacco, spirited liquors and explosives. It offered
73. These hairs like appendage connect a bacterium to
another of its species, or to another bacterium of a
different species, and build a bridge between the
interior of the cells. This enables the transfer
of plasmids between the bacteria. An exchanged
plasmid can code for new functions, for
example, antibiotic resistance.
Answer: Pilus
74. It is a process by which cells absorb molecules (such
as proteins) by engulfing them. It is used by all cells
of the body because most substances important to
them are large polar molecules that cannot pass
through the hydrophobic plasma or cell membrane.
Answer: Endocytosis
75. This port witnessed the historical departure was
that of Ferdinand Magellan on August 10, 1519, with
a fleet of five ships under his command, that left
Seville and traveled down the Guadalquivir to
Sanlúcar de Barrameda at the mouth of the river,
where they remained more than five weeks.
Sanlucar also witnessed the arrival in 1522 of the last
surviving ship of Magellan's expedition, commanded
by Juan Sebastián Elcano, making it the first ship to
circumnavigate the world.
Answer: Sanlucar de Barrameda
76. He was a circumnavigator, explorer and Augustinian
friar. As a navigator he achieved in 1536 the
"second" world circumnavigation after first one led
by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano in
1522. He discovered and plotted a path across the
Pacific from the Philippine Acapulco in
the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico)
used by the Manila galleons, in which the route was
named after him.
Answer: Andres de Urdaneta
77. The legal foundation for municipal governments in
the country was laid with the promulgation of this
law on May 19, 1893. Named after its author, the
law reorganized town governments in the
Philippines with the aim of making them more
effective and autonomous. This law created the
municipal organization that was later adopted,
revised, and further strengthened by the American
and Filipino governments that succeeded Spanish.
Answer: Maura Law
78. This society created by Jose Basco y Vargas
composed of leading men in business, industry and
profession, it was tasked to explore and exploit the
island's natural bounties. The society led to the
creation of Plan General Economico of Basco which
implemented the monopolies on the areca nut,
local and foreign scholarships and training grants in
agriculture and established an academy of design. It
was also credited to the carabao ban of 1782, the
formation of the silversmiths and gold beaters guild
and the construction of the first papermill in the
Philippines in 1825.
Answer: Royal Society of Friends of the Country
79. He was the Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite
mutiny which led to execution of 41 of the
mutineers, including the Gomburza martyrs.  leader, Benigno Ramos, a writer and discontented
Answer: Rafael de Izquierdo
80. Originally, the farewell poem of Jose Rizal does not
have a title. Mariano Ponce used Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento as a title of the poem. However, this
was not used, as the title Mi Ultimo Adios was given
to it by a priest, who published the poem in La
Independencia. Who gave the poem its modern
title?
Answer: Fr. Mariano Dacanay
81. He was a known Spanish government diplomat
to Asia during the 19th century. An adventurer and a
poet, he introduced photography in the Philippines
in 1841.
Answer: Sinibaldo de Mas
82. He was a Filipino Catholic priest who favored the
rights for Filipino clergy during the 19th century. He
was diocesan administrator of the Archdiocese of
Manila for a brief period of time. In the early 19th
century, he fought for the secularization of Filipino
priests. Along with Father Mariano Gómez, he
started organizing activities that demanded the
return of control of Philippine parishes to Filipino
seculars.
Answer: Pedro Pelaez
83. He was the sole British governor of Manila from
1762 to 1764, during the British occupation of
theSeven Years' War. 
Answer: Dawsonne Drake
84. He was a leader of the Magdalo faction during the
Philippine Revolution and the first cousin of Emilio
Aguinaldo. Answer:
Baldomero Aguinaldo
85. He was a Filipino physician, writer, and active
member of the Propaganda Movement. In Spain, he
was among the founders of La
Solidaridad and Asociacion Hispano-Filipino. Among
his significant works was Efemerides Filipinas, a
column on historical events in the Philippines which
appeared in La Oceania Española (1892–1893)
and El Ideal (1911–1912). He wrote Ang Wika at
Lahi(1917), a discussion on the importance of a
national language. He served
as Bulacan's representative to the first
Philippine National Assembly.
Answer: Mariano Ponce
86. It is the ability of an organism to avoid observation
or detection by other organisms.
Answer: Crypsis
87. This movement was founded in 1930 by a right wing
former government clerk. The name of the
movement was based on Émile Zola's 1898 letter
criticising the French government.
Answer: Sakdalista
88. If Miguel Lopez de Legazpi is the first Governor
General of the Philippines, who was the second one?
Answer: Guido de Lavizaris
89.  It was an act passed by the United States Congress
specifying the economic conditions governing the
independence of the Philippines from the United
States.
Answer: Bell Trade Act
90. The study of the death, decay, burial, and
fossilization of an organism. Essentially, it describes
everything that happens to an organism between
the time it dies and the moment its remains are
discovered.
Answer: Taphonomy
91. Force exerted outward on a cell wall by the water
contained in the cell. This force gives the plant
rigidity, and may help to keep it erect.
Answer: Turgor Pressure
92. It is a gathering of males, of certain animal species,
for the purposes of competitive mating display.
Answer: Lek
93. It is the stalk attaching the leaf blade to the stem.
Answer: Petiole
94. The part of an animal that does not develop during
evolution, and is underdeveloped and serves no
important function.
Answer: Vestigal
95. It was the vast global ocean that surrounded the
supercontinent Pangaea, during the
late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic years. It
included the Pacific Ocean to the west and north and
the Tethys Ocean to the southeast.
Answer: Panthalassa
96. He was a Filipino soldier and World War II hero who
parlayed his fame into a political career. His prestige
was somewhat marred in later life when he agreed
to run as the only candidate against Ferdinand
Marcos in the widely-suspect 1981 Philippine
presidential election.
Answer: Alejo Santos
97. The minimal number of kilocalories a resting animal
requires to fuel itself for a given time.
Answer: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

98. This law states that the refractive index of a

material is equal to the tangent of the polarizing
angle for the material.
Answer: Brewster’s Law

99. They are a set of spectral lines originally observed

as dark features (absorption lines) in the optical
spectrum of the Sun.
Answer: Fraunhofer lines

100.The redistribution of energy due to superposition of

waves from coherent sources, resulting in alternate
light and dark bands.
Answer: Interference