Structured Question

Chapter 30 Optical instruments (Q)30P1

1. (89)
A student set up two converging lenses to form a simple type of astronomical telescope for use in normal
adjustment. Light rays X, Y and Z from a distant object fall upon the objective lens as shown in Figure 1. The focal
lengths of the objective and the eyepiece are 50 cm and 10 cm respectively.

60 cm

objective lens eyepiece

X
Figure 1
Y

(a) Draw the ray paths for X, Y and Z as they pass through
Figurethe
9.1telescope, showing how they emerge from the
eyepiece. (3 marks)
(b) Use your diagram to explain the meaning of angular magnification of the telescope. How is this related to
the focal lengths of the lenses? (3 marks)
(c) (i) What is meant by eye-ring of a telescope? (2 marks)
(ii) Outline the steps you would take to determine experimentally the position of the eye-ring of this
telescope. (3 marks)
Structured Question
Chapter 30 Optical instruments (Q)30P2

2. (94)
A student uses two converging lenses to set up a compound microscope in normal adjustment. The following
figure shows two light rays, P and Q, form the top of an object falling on the objective lens of the microscope.
The foci of the objective lens are denoted by Fo and the foci of the eyepiece are denoted by FE.
eyepiece
objective lens

object P
ho
Figure 1 Fo
Q
Fo FE FE

final
image
hi

(i) On the Figure 1, complete the ray paths for P and Q as they pass through the microscope, showing how
the final image is formed. (2 marks)
(ii) Indicate on Figure 1 the visual angle β subtended by the final image at the eye of an observer using the
microscope. (1 mark)
(iii) Distinguish between linear magnification and angular magnification. (2 marks)
(iv) Find the angular magnification of the microscope in terms of the height of the object, ho, and the height
of the final image, hi. Show your working.
(Take the least distance of distinct vision to be D) (2 marks)

(b) Figure 2 shows four light rays from an object passing through a microscope in normal adjustment. R and S
come from the top of the object, T and U come from the bottom. R and T pass through the top of the objective
lens, S and U pass through the bottom.

R
Figure 2
T
object S

U
objective X
lens eyepiece
(i) On Figure 2, X is the best position for the eye to view the image. With reference to the ray diagram,
briefly explain the advantage(s) of choosing X as the viewing position. (3 marks)

(ii) Why should the diameter of the beam at X be no wider than about 2 mm? (1 mark)
Structured Question
Chapter 30 Optical instruments (Q)30P3

3. (02)
A student has constructed a refracting telescope as shown in Figure 1. The focal lengths of the objective and the
eyepiece are 60 cm and 20 cm respectively.

Figure 1

(a) With the telescope in normal adjustment, find

(i) the separation between the two lenses; and
(ii) the angular magnification when viewing a distant building. (2 marks)

(b) The student now uses the telescope to view a small piece of newspaper, 3 cm × 3 cm, fixed to a notice-board
1.5 m away from the objective. He then adjusts the position of the eyepiece such that the final image is
formed at infinity.
(i) On the attached graph paper, complete the ray paths P and Q as they pass through the telescope,
showing how the final image is formed at infinity. The piece of newspaper, represented by AB, and the
objective are already drawn on the graph paper. Label the positions of the first image of the piece of
newspaper and the eyepiece clearly on the diagram. (Horizontal scale: 1 to 20; Vertical scale: 1 to 1)
(3 marks)

(ii) Find the height of the first image and the separation of the objective and the eyepiece. (2 marks)
(iii) What is the angular magnification in this case? (Assume that when the piece of newspaper is observed
with an unaided eye, the distance between the piece of newspaper and the eye remains unchanged.)
(2 marks)
(iv) If the eyepiece is adjusted so that the final image is at the least distance of distinct vision (which is
taken to be 25 cm) of the student's eye, briefly explain the change in the angular magnification. State the
effect on the eye of prolonged use of the telescope in this way. (3 marks)
Structured Question
Chapter 30 Optical instruments (Q)30P4

4. (07)
A student performs an experiment on an optical bench to measure the focal length of a convex lens. He places a
lamp behind a sheet of cardboard with a circular hole covered by a piece of translucent paper and tries to locate a
sharp image of the edge of the hole on a screen. The object distance and image distance are denoted by u and v
respectively.
cardboard
translucent paper screen

convex lens
lamp

u v

(a) Suggest ONE way to make it easier to focus the image on the screen. (1 mark)
(b) For a certain object distance, the student cannot obtain an image on the screen no matter how he adjusts the
screen's position. What would most likely be the reason ? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(c) If the centre of the lens is covered by a small coin, what would be the effect on the image formed on the
screen ? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(d) The positions of the cardboard and the screen are varied such that a real image is always formed on the
screen. The corresponding object distance and image distance are obtained for plotting a graph of (u + v)
against u.

(i) Estimate the image distance for which (u + v) is a minimum and find the corresponding magnification
of the image. (3 marks)
(ii) Draw a ray diagram corresponding to the situation when (u + v) is a minimum. Hence, estimate a value
for the focal length of the lens. (3 marks)