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Calculation
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For the card game, see Calculation (game).
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Arithmetic operations

 v

 t

 e

Addition (+)

Subtraction (−)

Multiplication (×)

Division (÷)

Exponentiation
 nth root (√)

Logarithm (log)

A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or
more results. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very
definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of
calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful
relationship between two people.

For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Estimating the fair

price for financial instruments using the Black–Scholes model is a more complex
algorithmic calculation.

Statistical estimations of the likely election results from opinion polls also involve
algorithmic calculations, but produces ranges of possibilities rather than exact answers.

To calculate means to determine mathematically in the case of a number or amount, or

in the case of an abstract problem to deduce the answer using logic, reason or common
sense.[1] The English word derives from the Latin calculus, which originally meant a
small stone in the gall-bladder (from Latin calx). It also meant a pebble used for
calculating, or a small stone used as a counter in
an abacus (Latin abacus, Greek abax). The abacus was an instrument used by Greeks
and Romans for arithmetic calculations, preceding the slide-rule and the electronic
calculator, and consisted of perforated pebbles sliding on iron bars.

Contents

 1Comparison to computation
 2See also
 3References
 4External links

Comparison to computation[edit]
 Calculation is a prerequisite for computation.[2] The difference in the meaning
of calculation and computation appears to originate from the late medieval period. [3]

See also[edit]
 Philosophy portal

 Psychology portal

 Calculus (disambiguation) — list of general methods

of calculation by application area
 Complexity class — theoretical notion to categorize
calculability
 Cost accounting — business application of
calculation
 List of algorithms — fully formalized, computer-
executable methods of calculation
 Mental calculation — performing arithmetics using
one's brain only

References[edit]
1. ^ "calculate | Definition of calculate in English by Oxford
Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Retrieved 2018-
08-30.
2. ^ Jrank.org
3. ^ Jrank.org

External links[edit]
Look up calculation in
Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.

 "The Lifting of the Veil in the Operations of

Calculation" is a manuscript, from the 18th-century,
in Arabic, by Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi, about
calculation processes

NDL: 00565378

Categories: 
 Elementary arithmetic
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 This page was last edited on 6 February 2021, at 22:01 (UTC).
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