HAMEEDA SHOUKAT

ROLL NO: 19
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER EIGHT

HUMAN CAPITAL: EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

Education and health are both considered as basic needs that should be provided to
every human being. In human capital health and education are treated equally because
both have a very close relationship and are somehow related to each other. Human
Capital means to invest in your population for economic growth through education
(knowledge, skills) and health.

Investment of Education and Health:

As mentioned above health and education both are co related and help the economy to
develop on the greater skill. Investment in health of human being effect their education
as well because less number of student get absent when they are healthy and healthier
individual of any society are able to use their education more productively. Similarly if
investment in education is being done, it helps the educational sector to develop as
more people become health personnel, other than that after studying about health
students are more aware about hygiene and its important. It is observed that economic
growth of any country do not upgrade any increase in children’s education and health,
for those purpose policies should be made. Educated mother even in low coast income
tend to up bring a healthy and educated child.
In short investment done in health and educational department of any country leads to
better future income.

Child Labor:
Unfortunately Child labor is a major problem of less developing countries(LCDs). The
health and education of child who is even working part time is worse, in countries like
Pakistan they are sometime forced to work. Mostly child labor is done in Asia, that is
61%(153 Million).Banning child labor is not a solution because the children who are able
to have basic needs will suffer the most, but for bringing it in better condition approach
can be done through” multiple Equilibrium” with the help of government for better
result. Many approaches have been done in order to minimize child labor.

Discrimination in Health and Education:

Unfortunately young female are provided with less education as compare to young male
in many LCDs. With the passage of time many development are done in this matter but
still female education is not considered important even in the rural areas of Pakistan
people don’t pay attention to this issue thus it results in economic failure because
female is the one who up bring the child and an educated mother can help the country
by raising educated future generation. Girls also face discrimination in health care.
People are more likely to take care of their boys as compare to girls because they
consider them as an asset for the family. A research shows that people of Asia bring
more ill boys to health centre as compare to girls.

Health Care and Development:

Measurement and distribution are done on these basis:
Life expectency,child mortality(death between the age of 1-5) and malnutrition which
means lack of proper diet. The National Nutrition Survey 2018 concluded that4 out 0f 10
children in Pakistan lack in nutrition. Disease burden is also one of the measuring tools.
It includes Aids, Polio etc. Health is related to productivity because a healthy individual
tends to be more creative and productive in any field of life.

Conclusion:
This topic clearly emphasize on the fact that how health and education are related to
each other and how it is duty of the government to invest in these basic necessities and
these are important for the economic development of any country as well as the well
being of any individual.