ASSIGNMENT NO.

ELEVATOR SYSTEM

Submitted to: Dr. Rizwan Mughal

Submitted by: Umer Abdul Rehman Khan

(140401065)
EE-04-A

Submitted on: February 16, 2016

Embedded System:
An embedded system is a computer system that performs a specific function that is embedded in
micro-controller or micro-processor. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems are present in our daily life devices. For
example, embedded system present in elevator system, vending machine, mobile phone etc.
Nearly, 98% of all microprocessors are manufactured as components of embedded systems.

Elevator System:
It is a type of embedded system that is used to carry the people and goods to different floors of
building. There are different types of elevator system that are:

1. Hydraulic Elevators
2. Pneumatic Elevators
3. Cable driven or traction Elevators

In these elevator system, we install a system in which the function of elevator is embedded. In
this system, we require mechanical as well as electronic system. Mechanical system involves
pulleys that is used to move the people and goods. The pulleys are connected with the motor.
When the electrical signal is send to motor, it will start rotating and moving the lift upward and
downward depending upon the direction of rotation. While electrical system detects the position
of the elevator and also indicate the number of floor of the building using seven segment display.
The indications of the upward and downward directions of the elevator are indicated using Light
Emitting Diodes. For moving the elevator, a motor is driven through a transistor which is not
given in the circuit. The Microcontroller is programmed logically in such a way that for the
corresponding input switch, it rotates the motor and also drives the seven-segment display and
LED display.

Working of elevator system is based on microcontroller in which the program is embedded that
gives signals to motor. The output of micro controller is dependent upon input and the program.
When the person pressed the first floor button, the motor is start and drive the elevator car upto
first floor. When it reaches to first floor, the motor is stopped working.

How Elevator system works?

The microcontroller used for this purpose is ARM7 Based Microcontroller (LPC2148). ARM is
a family of instruction set architectures for computer processors based on a reduced instruction
set computing (RISC) architecture developed by British company ARM Holdings.

A RISC-based computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer
transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces costs, heat and
power use. These are desirable traits for light, portable, battery-powered devices—including
smartphones, laptops, tablet and notepad computers), and other embedded systems.

To implement the elevator system, we use the following modules that work with microcontroller
LPC 2148 to ensure that elevator is working properly.

 Power Supply

 Crystal Oscillator

 Reset Circuit

 RTC crystal oscillator (This is not necessary if you are not using RTC. However this is
considered as necessary requirement)

 UART

1. Power Supply

Microcontroller LPC2148 works on 3.3 V power supply while other components like LCD,
motor driver IC works on 5V. As it is real time system and operates on AC 220-240 V. So, we
use DC power supply to convert AC power supply into DC 5V. After obtaining 5V, we use LM
117 for generation of 3.3 V supply.
 Block Diagram of DC Power Supply

In this power supply, we use following components that are used for step down of voltage,
rectification of voltage, filtration and regulation of voltage.

           

Transformer:
It is used to step down 230V AC to 9V AC supply.

Rectifier: 
It is used to convert AC supply into DC.
 
Filter:
It is used to reduce ripple factor of DC output available from rectifier end.

Regulator:
It is used to regulate DC supply output.

Circuit for this is as shown below.

 

Here, Regulator IC 7805 is used to provide fix 5V dc supply.

Now we can use LM 117 for generating 3.3V supply from 5V using below circuit.
 

Calculations

2. Reset Circuit

Reset button is essential in a system to avoid programming pitfalls and sometimes to manually
bring back the system to the initialization mode. Circuit diagram for reset is as shown below.
 

MCP 130T is a special IC used for providing stable RESET signal to LPC 2148.

3. Oscillator Circuit

Oscillations, the heartbeat, are provided using a crystal and are necessary for the system to work.
 

The value of capacitors C20 & C21 depends upon the frequency of crystal Y3. General circuit
and its equivalent circuit is as shown below.
 

Recommended values are as shown in table.

 
We can also use external oscillator for providing system clock. Circuit for this application is as
given below.

4. RTC Oscillator Circuit

It provides clock for RTC operation.

5. UART
LPC 2148 has inbuilt ISP which means we can program it within the system using serial
communication on COM0. It has also COM1 for serial communication. MAX 232/233 IC must
be used for voltage logic conversion. Related connections are as given below.

Application:
It has a lot of applications in our daily life which are as follows:

 It is highly used in the buildings having multiples floor.

 It is used to carry people and goods to different floors of building.

 It is also used in shopping malls, flats, and office buildings etc.

References:
 http://www.engineersgarage.com/arm-projects/introduction-to-arm-microcontroller-
lpc2148

 http://www.engineersgarage.com/arm-projects/introduction-to-arm-microcontroller-
lpc2148