Ahsanullah University of

Science & Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

Transportation Engineering Lab
4th Year; 2nd Semester
Sec : A
 Presented By
Group-1
Md. Abu Sayeed 09.02.03.001
Maksudul Alim 09.02.03.003
Abontee Barua 09.02.03.005
K.M. Tawrat 09.02.03.006
Wasim Ather 09.02.03.008
Rezwana Binte Hafiz 09.02.03.053

Here comes your footer

What is Traffic Study???.....

Traffic studies may be grouped

into three main categories:
(1) Inventories,
(2) Administrative studies, and
(3) Dynamic studies.
Traffic Engineering Studies
– Volume studies
– Speed studies
– Travel time studies
– Delay studies
– Density studies
– Accident studies
– Parking studies
– Goods movement and transit studies
– Pedestrian studies
– Calibration studies
– Observation studies
 Volume Study
Traffic volume is defined as the number of vehicles
crossing a section of road per unit time at any
selected period. Traffic volume studies are
conducted to collect data on the number of vehicles
and/or pedestrians that pass a point on a highway
facility during a specified time period.

This time period varies from as little as 15 min to

as much as a year, depending on the anticipated use
of the data.
To determine of vehicle composition in traffic
stream.

To determine the service flow rate in PCU/PCE unit.

To estimate of ADT based on expansion factor.

To determine the directional distribution(DD).

To draw flow fluctuation curves

Effectiveness of a traffic control
measure

To check existing, operating service

condition of a roadway section

Planning traffic operation and control of

existing facility

To design intersection, signal timings,

channelization

Structural design of pavements,

geometric design and road way capacity
 Volume Study
Traffic volume studies are usually
conducted when certain volume
characteristics are needed, some of
which follow:

oAverage Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

oAverage Daily Traffic (ADT)
oPeak Hour Volume (PHV)
oVehicle Classification (VC)
oVehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)
DEFINITIONS AND USEFUL
PARAMETRS
Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Volume:
Volume on a road is the number of vehicles passing the
measurement point during a specified time interval.
• Demand:
is a measure of the number of vehicles (or passengers, or
persons) waiting for service in the given time period.
• Capacity:
is the maximum number that can reasonable be expected to
be served in the given time period.
Definitions & Useful Parameters

• PCE:
Passenger Car Equivalent is essentially the
impact that a mode of transport has on traffic
variables (such as headway, speed, density)
compared to a single car
• PCU:
It is a vehicle unit used for expressing highway
capacity unit
Definitions & Useful
Parameters
• Daily Volumes:

A common time interval for volumes is a day.

• Daily volumes are frequently used as the basis
for highway planning and general observations
of trends.
 Daily Volume

commonly used daily volume parameters

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

the average of 24-hour counts collected every day
of the year.

Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

the average of 24-hour counts collected over a
number of days greater than one but less than a
year.
Peak Hour Volume (PHV)
the maximum number of vehicles that pas a point
on a highway during a period of 60 consecutive
minutes.
Vehicle Classification (VC) with respect to the type of
vehicles for cars, two-axle trucks, or three-axle
trucks.
Flow Rate
Vehicles/ 15 min expanded to 1 hour

Here comes your footer

 Factors
 Hourly expansion factors (HEFs) are determined
by the formula

 Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed

as
 Definitions (cont…)

• Directional Distribution

Directional Distribution is the predominant

one-way traffic volume expressed as a
percentage of two-way traffic
Methods of counting volume

PowerPlugs
Templates for PowerPoint
The two basic methods of
counting traffic are:

 Manual observation
 Automatic recording
Manual observation……
Most applications of manual counts require
small samples of data at any given location.

Manual counts are

sometimes used when the effort and expense
of automated equipment are not justified
 Electronic count
board

Mechanical count
board
Manual observation……

Tally Sheets

Recording data onto tally sheets is the simplest means of

conducting manual counts. The data can be recorded
with a tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A watch or
stopwatch is necessary to measure the desired count
interval
 Automatic recording

Portable Counters

Permanent Counters

Methods of counting volume…

 Video Recording

Automatic counting
Types of Volume Counts

Cordon Counts

Screen Line Counts

Intersection Counts
Types of Volume Counts

Pedestrian Volume counts

Periodic Volume counts

Cordon
Counts
Screen
Line
Counts
Inters
ection
Count
s
Study Area ( Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue)
 General Information
Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed
Avenue (Flyover)
Date: June 20, 2013
Time: 8:15am - 8:30am
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Sunny day
Method: Manual (Direct)
Car
Bus
Motorbike
CNG
Microbus/
Pajero
DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
General Information

Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue

Date: June 19, 2013 (Wednesday)
Time: 3:30 to 3:45 pm
Duration: 15 minute
Weather: Clear
Method: Manual (Direct)
Number of vehicle

Car,Jeep,
3 Motorcy
Time Micro,Ta Bus NMT Total
Wheeler cle
xi
3:30-
215 80 33 37 22 387
3:45 pm
Converted no. of Vehicle

No. of vehicle PCE Converted no. of

Type of vehicle vehicle or PCU

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi 215 1.0 215

3 Wheeler 80 0.5 40

Motorcycle 33 0.1 3.30

Bus 37 3.0 111

NMT 22 0.5 11

Total 387 380.3

 Rate of Flow = 380.30 vehicle/15
min

 Service flow rate of Reconnaissance

survey
= 380.30*4
= 1521.20 vehicle/hour
FINAL SURVEY
Field activities and Time distribution
 General Information
Group no. 01
 Location: Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Avenue
 Date: June 20, 2013 (Thursday)
 Time: 8:15 to 8:30 am
 Duration: 15 minute
 Weather: Clear
 Method: Manual (Direct)
Group no. 01 (cont)
Number of Vehicle

Car,Jeep,
3 Motorcy
Time Micro,Ta Bus NMT Total
Wheeler cle
xi

8:15-
263 110 43 41 48 505
8:30
Group no. 01 (cont)
Converted no. of Vehicle
Converted no. of
Type of vehicle No. of vehicle PCE
vehicle or PCU
Car,Jeep,Micro,Tax
263 1 263
i

3 Wheeler 110 0.5 55

Motorcycle 43 0.1 4.3

Bus 41 3 123

NMT 48 0.5 24

Total 505 469.30

 Group no. 01 (cont)

 Rate of Flow = 469.30 vehicle/15 min

 Service flow rate = Rate of Flow * 4

= 469.3*4
= 1877.20 vehicle/hour
 Group no. 01 (cont)

 Hourly expansion factor, HEF = 17.11

 Daily volume of traffic

= Service flow rate*HEF
= 1877.20*17.11
= 32118.892 vehicle/day
 Group no. 01 (cont)

 Daily expansion factor, DEF = 7.012

 Weekly volume of traffic

= Daily volume of traffic*DEF
= 32118.892*7.012m
= 225217.67 vehicle/week
Group no. 01 (cont)

 Average daily traffic, ADT

= Weekly volume of traffic/7
= 225217.67/7
= 32173.95 vehicle/day
Group no. 01 (cont)

 Annual average daily traffic

= ADT*1.395
= 32173.95*1.395
= 44882.66 vehicle/day
Number of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Car,Jeep,
Group 3 Motorcyc
Time Micro,Tax Bus NMT Total
no. Wheeler le
i
1 8:15-8:30 263 110 43 41 48 505

2 8:30-8:45 262 127 60 45 17 511

3 8:45-9:00 169 63 40 26 4 302

4 9:00-9:15 239 106 80 36 0 461

5 9:15-9:30 220 94 55 33 16 418

Total 1153 500 278 181 85

Converted no. of Vehicle
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
Type of No. of PCE Converted % PCU
vehicle vehicle no. of
vehicle or
PCU
Car,Jeep,Mic 1153 1 1153
ro,Taxi 57.18395
3 Wheeler 500 0.5 250 12.39895
Motorcycle 278 0.1 27.8 1.378763
Bus 181 3 543 26.93052
NMT 85 0.5 42.5 2.107821
Total 2016.3 100
Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
2.11%

Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi
26.93%
3 Wheeler

57.18% Motorcycle
1.38%
12.40% Bus

NMT
Number of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
Car,Jeep,
Group 3 Motorcyc
Time Micro,Ta Bus NMT Total
no. Wheeler le
xi
6 8:15-8:30 314 125 110 24 7 580

7 8:30-8:45 341 111 88 35 40 615

8 8:45-9:00 282 132 74 25 0 513

9 9:00-9:15 341 142 62 48 0 593

10 9:15-9:30 314 105 61 32 0 512

Total 1592 615 395 164 47

Converted no. of Vehicle
(Shatrasta to Flyover)

Type of No. of PCE Converted % PCU

vehicle vehicle no. of
vehicle or
PCU

Car,Jeep,Mic 1592 1 1592

ro,Taxi 64.86046
3 Wheeler 615 0.5 307.5 12.52801
Motorcycle 395 0.1 39.5 1.609289
Bus 164 3 492 20.04482
NMT 47 0.5 23.5 0.957425
Total 2454.5 100
Vehicle Composition of Traffic Stream
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
0.96%

20.04% Car,Jeep,Micro,Taxi

1.61% 3 Wheeler

12.53% Motorcycle
64.86%
Bus

NMT
Directional Distribution

Service flow Service flow

Flyover to Shatrasta to
rate rate
Shatrasta Flyover
(PCU/hour) (PCU/hour)
Group 01 1877.20 Group 06 1852
Group 02 1900 Group 07 2121.20
Group 03 1707 Group 08 1721.6
Group 04 1632 Group 09 2392.8
Group 05 1518 Group 10 1874.4
Average 1726.84 Average 1992.32
Directional Directional
46 % 54%
distribution distribution
 Service flow rate Histogram
(Flyover to Shatrasta)
2000 1877.2 1900
1707
1632
1518
1500
PCU/hour

1000

500

0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
Time
 Service flow rate Histogram
(Shatrasta to Flyover)
2500 2392.8
2121.2
2000 1852 1874.4
1721.6
PCU/hour

1500

1000

500

0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
Time
 Directional Distribution

46% Flyover to Statrasta

Statrasta to Flyover
54%
Flow Fluctuation

Flyover to Statrasta Statrasta to Flyover

Average of
Time Group ADT Group ADT
% ADT % ADT % ADT
no. (vehicle/day) no. (vehicle/day)

8:15-8:30 1 32173.95 21.23 6 31742.04 18.59 19.91

8:30-8:45 2 32564.73 21.49 7 36355.95 21.29 21.39

8:45-9:00 3 29256.84 19.30 8 29507.07 17.28 18.29

9:00-9:15 4 27971.39 18.45 9 41010.99 24.02 21.23

9:15-9:30 5 29596.88 19.53 10 32125.96 18.82 19.18

Total 151563.79 100 170742.01 100

 Flow Fluctuation Curve
25

20

15
% ADT

Flyover to Shatrasta
10 Shatrasta to Flyover
Average
5

0
8:15-8:30 8:30-8:45 8:45-9:00 9:00-9:15 9:15-9:30
Time
Recommendations
Only 26% of total vehicles were Buses.
Public transport should be increased and improved.
Recommendations
5% of total vehicles were Non-motorized vehicles.
A dedicated lane should be provided to facilitate non-
motorized vehicle.
Recommendations
39% of total vehicles were private cars. To reduce the number
of private cars two steps can be taken-
• Introducing Tolls\HOT\Congestion pricing along some specific
urban roadways.
• Introducing parking permits and restricting parking space.
Recommendations
In order to pick up and drop off passengers, bus-lay-by
should be provided.
Operated manual counting without a single Hand
Counter.

No provision for cross check in the manual

method.

No vantage location from where video method

could be used to collect data.
Thank
You…….