Vicmairy Charles Laureano

POLITECNICO LILIAM BAYONA

 Presentation

Name and Surname Vicmairy Charles Laureano

Subject English

Number of order #4

Teacher Darton Mejía

Area Informatic

Classroom 6th

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 Introduction
We understand the concept of computing as the science that is responsible for
studying technical methods and processes to store, process, and transmit data
digitally. Currently, various elements such as software, electronics, computing, and
programming come together in computing. Today we want to talk to you about the
evolution of computing, its origins, and the process of creation uses and needs that it
has been going through until we reach what we know today. The origin of computing
is in the second half of the twentieth century, although the first generation of
computers was developed between 1951 and 1958, which operated with valves,
magnetic cylinders, and internal instructions. They were computers that worked very
slowly, were large, and generated a lot of heat. But over the years the evolution of
computing has continued to improve thanks to new technologies, especially
considering the integrated circuit, mobile, and the Internet.

Development
The First Generation of pcs was developed between 1946 and 1958 and was
characterized using valves to process information. We currently have the possibility of
naming the ENIAC or the UNIVAC I.

The invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William
Shockley made the replacement of computer valves viable. Their scientific
contribution earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956. The Second Generation of
pcs (1959-1964) began with the transistor.

The Third Generation arrived with the appearance, in February 1959, of the included
circuits, better known as chips (1964-1971). The DEC company, to avoid competing with
IBM, which had 70% of the market, is now developing less powerful but cheaper
computers to manage small businesses. The recent PCs, originating from the Fourth
Generation, are formed by microprocessors and silicon chips. The first microcomputer
appeared in 1978.

It was Apple, which was marketed as a group of parts that the customer had to
assemble himself. However, the first personal computer to reach a certain level of
fame was the so-called PC (Personal Computer or Personal Computer), from the IBM
organization, launched in 1981. Then, in 1984, Apple entered home computing on a
monumental scale. with the Macintosh series, which incorporated a graphical interface
(GUI or Graphic User Interface).

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In the Fourth digital Revolution
The Unstoppable Advances in Microprocessor Technology: Moore's Law.

Gordon Moore, in an interview for Electronics magazine, predicted in 1965 that the
number of transistors per inch in circuits would double every year. He reformulated his
confirmation shortly afterward and ruled that the function of the microprocessors
would double every 18 months. This confirmation, known as "Moore's law," is still valid
3 decades after its formulation.

The direct effect of this exponential evolution is that the potential of PCs increases
year after year. Simultaneously, the microchip construction processes are optimized,
and their production cost is reduced. In this way, the task of Apollo XI, which put a man
on the moon in 1969, was done with a system that had less computing power than any
person in recent home computers; Visibly, it cost anyone significantly more than our
own individual pcs.

The popularization of computer systems, together with the rapid development of

technology in this sector, led to the construction of multimedia products and the
digital version. Thanks to the popularization of computing, technical means began to
be made to bring the language of the system closer to the client (graphical interfaces),
beginning the multimedia era. The area immediately detected that this kind of
communication through graphic interfaces could be oriented to satisfy other needs of
the public; the client not only wants to communicate with the system but also wants
to receive information, use it, play, have fun ... In this way, graphical interfaces began
to be applied to all computer products as a possible and elementary form of
communication with the client.

The epoch of systems union

Adell (1997, Web), following the proposals of several authors, who divide human
history into periods characterized by the dominant technology of information
encoding, storage, and retrieval (such as Levinson, Harnad or Bosco), speaks of 4
technological revolutions: the appearance of language, the appearance of writing, the
appearance of the printing press and, finally, the use of electronic media and
digitization. This fourth digital revolution is characterized by "a new, more abstract and
artificial code (we need artifacts to produce and decipher it) for the representation of
information."

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Consequently, in this fourth digital revolution, the understanding of the new code
becomes essential to develop any type of communicative product based on
multimedia language, born "from the convergence of verbal and audiovisual language
in interactive and interconnected media" (Gutiérrez Martín, 2000, 4).

Towards the ubiquitous computer: the paradigms of computing

Weiser and Seely (1996) point out that, after the era of monumental PCs, which shared
their resources with a huge set of users connected to it through terminals (one for
many) and the era of individual PCs, in which Each client has their system (one for one).
After a period of transition dominated by the Internet and shared access to
information, we will reach the era of ubiquitous computers (many for one).

The «third paradigm of computing», as it came to be called, is directly opposed to the

philosophy offered by the technology of virtual reality. Instead of pretending that the
client "enters" a virtual world to act on it, it is intended that computers are integrated
into the daily environment of individuals, defending the obvious confirmation that "the
world is not a desktop" (Weiser, 1994).

Information Technology Development

Curiously, technological development in society shows that sharing what little we have
is the best way for all of us to obtain benefits, knowledge, and development in
abundance. Technological productions in one way or another have improved our
quality of life, however, the most important thing is that along with this technological
development the mentality of millions of people has changed, now with a new vision
of the entire planet, no longer of hoard ideas and knowledge, but rather share and
realize them.

The rise of PCs The computer is a young invention of no more than a century. However,
it is the result of different creations and ideas of different people over several years:
on the one hand, the abacus was one of the first mechanical counting devices;
However, the Pascalina, invented by Blaise Pascal and later perfected by Gottfried
Wilhelm von Leibniz, made it possible to do calculations mechanically employing gears,
and the punch card assumed an important role in computing.

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The hardware and program

• The hardware: physical resources of the computer, that is, everything that can be
seen and touched, we will classify the hardware into 2 types. The one that is in the
tower or CPU, and that therefore we cannot see immediately.

• The Program: they are the instructions that the computer needs to function, there
are not physically, or what is the same, cannot be seen or touched.
• Informational Language It is a language used by or associated with computers.
Many times, this term is used as a synonym for a programming language, however,
a computer language does not have to be a programming language hypertext or
multimedia and hypermedia.

• Hypertext: written in a non-sequential format, composed of nodes and links that

interconnect it.
• Multimedia: the union of different media or morphologies of information such as
writing, graphics, audio, or after audiovisual resources. Etc.
• Hypermedia: hypertext + multimedia
• Application of technology in teaching
• The technology used in the classroom must be invisible to the buyer
• We are obliged to include ICT in the classrooms since they are instruments of our
phase and they give us tools and didactic resources that improve the teaching-
learning processes, in addition to competition digital of our students.

• Devices that are essential in our classrooms are digital whiteboards, the Internet,
computers, smartphones, and tablets.
• Advantages and disadvantages of technology
• Advantages: Time-saving Little error pre-validity Simple correction Greater
motivation Distance education Interaction with other buyers from different
schools
• Disadvantages: Not everyone has access to a computer and the internet False data
Indiscriminate use of internet access More importance to social networks than to
the search for information.

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Characteristics of the educational program

• Didactic use: the program consists of materials made with a didactic purpose

• They use the computer: it is used as a support in which the students carry out the
activities that are planned by the program.
• Individualization of work: they adapt to the rhythm of each student's work and can
adapt their activities according to the students' performances.
• Interactive: they immediately answer the students' occupations and allow a
conversation and an exchange of information between the ordinate and them.
• Simple to use minimal computer knowledge is needed to use most of these
programs, even though a given program has management rules that it is necessary
to know.

Types of educational programs

Evaluation of the educational program When we speak of the evaluation of

educational programs, we must emphasize the idea that a certain evaluation of a
program can be carried out from one or more perspectives. Mainly, when we consider
the use of an educational computer program, we must consider a series of resources
that will condition its choice and mode of use:
- Students to whom it is directed:
- Knowledge they possess.
- Domain of the environment.
- Didactic methods with which they usually work.
- Learning interrelationships.
- Technical characteristics of the computer sets.
- Processor speed.
- RAM.

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 Conclusion

❖ In today's environment of the entire globalized world, there is a huge disparity

regarding possession and access to new technologies, which significantly
impairs the development trajectory of underdeveloped nations.

❖ The advances derived from the Scientific and Technical Revolution are evident
in the spheres of Teaching and Medicine and must be available to all the people
who require it.

❖ The impetuous development of the new information and communication

technologies point towards an imminent application due to the need to
transform the classical conception of the master process and medicine
generally.