Radiation Mechanism – Types of

Antennas
 Outline
• Radiation Mechanism

• Types of Antennas

• Antenna Parameters
• Radiation Pattern & types
 Radiation Mechanism
• The current in a conductor is basically because of motion of charges.
The conductor is able to radiate under certain circumstances and to
create radiation in a conductor there must be
• Time Varying Current
Or
• Acceleration or Deceleration of Charges

• The current in a conductor should be time varying which means,

charges must be in harmonic motion like sine or cosine wave.
• To create acceleration or deceleration of charges, the wire must be
bent or curved or discontinuous or terminated or truncated.
Radiation Mechanism
Radiation Mechanism
 Radiation Mechanism
• Therefore the following points help us to understand radiation
mechanism in a wire.
 Types of Antennas
• Basically the antennas are classified based on how the radiated
power or field from an antenna is spread in free space around it.

• Isotropic Antenna
• Omnidirectional Antenna
• Directional Antenna
 Isotropic Antenna
• The radiated power is equal in all directions. It is an ideal antenna
generally used as a reference antenna.
 Omnidirectional Antenna
• The radiated power is equal in azimuthal direction with respect to few
elevation angles.
Microstrip
Antenna
 Directional Antenna
• Most of the radiated power is concentrated in one particular direction.
 Antenna Parameters
• The performance of an antenna is measured by various parameters.
Some of them are listed below.
• Radiation Pattern
• Radiated Power Density
• Directivity
• Gain
• Efficiency
• Beam Width
• Bandwidth