Table of Contents

Unit 1 Remote Learning …………………………………………… 1

Unit 2 Health ………………………………………….. 22

Unit 3 Media and Technology ………………………………………….. 42

Unit 4 Entrepreneur ………………………………………….. 63

Unit 5 Social, Society, and politics …………………………………………. 81

Unit 6 Agriculture ………………………………………… 107

 UNIT 1
REMOTE LEARNING

WARMS UP
Look at the picture below and say three (3) words or phrases to describe this
picture.

Source : zonakata.com
1. ……………………

2. ……………………

3. ……………………

1
LISTENING
Pre-Listening

A B

1. stay closed until a. to work

2. return to school b. the school closures
3. worried about c. fees
4. how to care d. children
5. while their parents go e. family
6. extended f. for children
7. pay for childcare g. on April the 20th
8. Japan's anti-virus h. of COVID-19
9. The next two weeks i. packed trains
10. control the spread j. off work
11. lower the k. infected
12. getting l. task force
13. take time m. alone
14. leave children at home n. are important
15. commuting in o. risk

Comprehension questions

A. Listening to the audio and answer the following questions.

1) How many countries have closed schools?

a) two c) four

b) three d) five

2) Until when will schools in Japan stay closed?

a) April the 18th c) April the 8th

b) April the 20th d) April the 28th

2
3) What did the article say parents are now worried about?

a) children being lazy c) getting to work

b) exam grades d) school closures

4) Who do many children not have living nearby besides grandparents?

a) teachers c) people with the virus

b) extended family d) friends

5) What might parents have to pay?

a) childcare fees c) a fee for lunches

b) a heavy price d) a high cost

6) What task force met in Japan?

a) a school task force c) a study task force

b) a home tuition task force d) an anti-virus task force

7) What are the next two weeks critical to control?

a) children studying c) the spread of COVID-19

b) school closures d) university exams

8) Who should make things easier for workers besides private companies?

a) the government c) hospitals

b) public services d) doctors

9) What action did a mother question the point of?

a) face masks c) closing schools

b) the government d) the virus

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10) What did the mother say people were packed into?

a) schools c) cities

b) trains d) offices

B. Listen to the audio again and Fill in the Gaps

Japan and Hong Kong (1) ___________________, junior-high and high schools.
Governments (2) ___________________ children from the COVID-19
coronavirus. Schools in Japan will stay closed until April the 8th; children in
Hong Kong (3) ___________________ school on April the 20th at the earliest.
Parents are worried about (4) ___________________. Parents have to think about
how to care for children. Grandparents will (5) ___________________ children
while their parents go to work. Many children have no grandparents or extended
family who live nearby. Parents may have to pay (6) ___________________.

Japan's Prime Minister (7) ___________________ after meeting Japan's anti-(8)

___________________. The next two weeks are important to (9)
___________________ of COVID-19. He wants to lower the risk of children and
(10) ___________________ through gathering together. The government will ask
companies to make it easier for parents to (11) ___________________ work to
look after children. An angry mother said: "I wonder if the government thinks it is
OK to leave children at home alone." She asked: "What's the point of closing
schools if parents are still (12) ___________________ trains?"

C. SYNONYM MATCH: (The words in bold are from the news article.)

1. closed a. safeguard

2. protect b. acceptable

3. remain c. charges

4
 4. worried d. stay

5. fees e. important

6. force f. concerned

7. critical g. encourage

8. urge h. shut

9. OK i. crowded

10. packed j. group

SPEAK OUT

Tell your friend your experience of remote

learning during your high school period using
these prompts.
a. What did you first feel about school
disclosure due to corona outbreak?
b. What did you do?
c. What were the challenging situations?
d. How did you cope or adjust with the
situation?

Source https://www.pexels.com

5
 What Students Are Saying About Remote Learning?
Something I find really special about my high
school is that we are really focused on student-
centered learning. We use a Harkness-style
teaching method where all the students and the
teacher sit at a round table together and instead
of learning through lecturing, we learn from
each other. Peer-to-peer interaction is a really
pivotal part of education at my school, and it
feels like it falls so short in our distance
learning. We use Zoom and can see one another
and our teacher, but everyone is always muted so
as not to interfere with background noise. Our
classes have been cut down by ten minutes and
instead of having six classes a day, we only have
three or four classes synchronously. I feel like
my education is not being fulfilled. I have a
significant lack of motivation and I miss the
thought-provoking discussions I used to have
with my classmates during physical school. I am
really anxious to get back to school and really
foster my love of learning through my peers.
— Emily Barkley, Lawrenceville, NJ
I’m in my second week of online distance
learning and it’s exhausting! Yes, school now
starts at 9 am and we end at around 2:30, so it’s
not like I’m doing school work all day. However,
now I’m on the computer for about 4 or 5 hours at
a time. Before the whole pandemic happened, I
only spent about an hour, maybe 2 on the
computer both at school and at home. At the end
of the day, I don’t want to see another computer
for a while. I actually did some research (on the
computer) and I found that I was suffering from
computer fatigue. Yep, it’s a real thing.
— Miriam, Oakland, CA
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/learning/what-students-are-saying-
about-remote-learning.html
6
‘THE WORKLOAD HAS BEEN
OVERWHELMING.’
“Oh my goodness … Why there is
so much homework?” This was my
first reaction to online study as I
looked at the homework
checklist. Due to the outbreak,
most activities, including daily
clubs, are canceled at present,
thus we do not have much to do
at home. At least teachers believe
so; therefore, tons of homework
overwhelms us everyday.
However, we actually get much to
do everyday besides homework:
standardized tests, such as
TOEFL, SAT, AP, etc., needed to
be prepared; activities that could
be done indoor had to be
completed … Homework is the
straw which breaks the camel’s
back. How I hope that assignment
could be a little less and more
time could be controllable by
ourselves! I am now in China.
Online study has already taken
place for 2 months so far.
Sometimes I really wish to go back
to school having lessons face to
face with teachers and
classmates. School is not only a
place for study, but a place to
prepare us for future life when we
embark upon complicated society
and interpersonal relationship.
Online education cannot replace
school system thoroughly in this
aspect. I really miss normal school
days. Is the day of returning far?
— SOPHIE DAI, WLSA SHANGHAI
ACADEMY
READING
READING STRATEGY

IDENTIFYING THE MAIN IDEA

The main idea is the central, or most important, idea in a paragraph or passage. It
states the purpose and sets the direction of the paragraph or passage.

• The main idea may be stated, or it may be implied.

• When the main idea of a paragraph is stated, it is most often found in the
first sentence of the paragraph. However, the main idea may be found in
any sentence of the paragraph.
• The main idea may be stated in the first sentence of a paragraph and then
be repeated or restated at the end of the paragraph.
• The main idea may be split. The first sentence of a paragraph may present
a point of view, while the last sentence presents a contrasting or opposite
view.
• To find the main idea of any paragraph or passage, ask these questions:
o Who or what is the paragraph about?
o What aspect or idea about the ‘who’ or ‘what’ is the author
concerned with?

Example 1

The railroad was not the first institution to impose regularity on society, or to draw
attention to the importance of precise timekeeping. For as long as merchants have
set out their wares at daybreak and communal festivities have been celebrated,
people have been in rough agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day.
The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever. Were it not for public
acceptance of a single yardstick of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic:
the massive daily transfers of goods, services, and information would proceed in
fits and starts; the very fabric of modern society would begin to unravel.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

7
 A. In modern society we must make more time for our neighbors.
B. The traditions of society are timeless.
C. An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functioning
of society.
D. Society judges people by the times at which they conduct certain activities.

The main idea of the passage is that societies need to agree about how time is
measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose answer C.

Example 2

Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from May through November,
with the peak of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur from
December through April in that part of the ocean. The main reason for the
occurrence of hurricanes during this period is that the temperature on the water’s
surface is at its warmest and the humidity of the air is at its highest.

Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic, only about five,
on the average, are powerful enough to be called hurricanes. To be classified as a
hurricane, a tropical storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117
kilometers per hour, but the winds are often much stronger than that; the winds of
intense hurricanes can easily surpass 240 kilometers (10) per hour.

2. The passage mainly discusses …

A. how many hurricanes occur each year

B. the strength of hurricanes
C. the weather in the North Atlantic
D. hurricanes in one part of the world

3. The best title for this passage would be ….

A. The North Atlantic Ocean

B. Storms of the Northern Atlantic
C. Hurricanes: The Damage and Destruction

8
 D. What Happens from May through November

The main idea of the passage is hurricanes in one part of the world. Therefore, you
should choose answer D.

The best title for this passage main idea of the passage is Storms of the Northern
Atlantic. Therefore, you should choose answer B.

Example 3

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) was perhaps the best-known American

poet of the nineteenth century. His clear writing style and emphasis on the prevalent
values of the period made him popular with the general public if not always with
the critics. He was particularly recognized for Line his longer narrative poems
Evangeline, The Song of Hiawatha, and The Courtship of Miles Standish, in which
he told stories from American history in terms of the values of the time.

Evangeline was set during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), when the
British forced French settlers from Nova Scotia; two lovers, Gabriel and
Evangeline, were separated by the British, and Evangeline devoted her lifetime to
the search for Gabriel. With its emphasis on sentimental, undying love, Evangeline
was immensely popular with the public.

In The Song of Hiawatha, Longfellow depicted the noble life of the American
Indian through the story of the brave Hiawatha and his beloved wife Minehaha. The
tear-inspiring poem follows Hiawatha through the tragedies and triumphs of life,
ending with the death of Minehaha and Hiawatha’s departure into the sunset in his
canoe. The Courtship of Miles Standish takes place during the early period of the
settlement of New (15) England, a period which was viewed as a time of honor and
romance. In this poem centered around a love triangle, Miles Standish asks his
friend John Alden to propose to Priscilla Mullins for him; John Alden ends up
marrying Priscilla Mullins himself, and it takes time for his friendship with Miles
Standish to recover. As with Longfellow’s other narrative poems, the emphasis on
high ideals and romance made the poem extremely popular.

9
4. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?

A. American history is often depicted in poetry.

B. Longfellow described American history even though people really did not
enjoy it.
C. The popularity of Longfellow’s poems results from his stress on the values
of the people.
D. Longfellow wrote long narrative poems that were not always popular with
the critics.

The best title for this passage main idea of the passage is The popularity of
Longfellow’s poems results from his stress on the values of the people. Therefore,
you should choose answer C.

EXERCISE

Each passage is followed statements. Select the statement that best expresses the
topic and the main idea. Circle the letter of that statement.

Passage One
Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are
afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be
afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and
imaginary creatures.
The topic of this paragraph is
A. Fear.
B. passing fears.
C. two-to-four-year olds fear of animals.
D. common fears
The stated main idea of this paragraph is
A. Passing fears are common in early childhood.
B. Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs.

10
 C. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark.
D. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary
creatures.

Passage Two

Don't wait for your company to send you to school. Determine your needs
and ask about the company's training program. If they don't have one, sign up
for classes at a local college. When it comes to your profession, you should be
a lifelong learner. Put a high priority on learning new skills and on personal
growth and professional development. Learn new software technology and
improve interpersonal and writing skills.

The topic of this paragraph is

A. waiting for your company to send you to school.
B. the company's training program.
C. being a lifelong learner.
D. new software technology.
The stated main idea of this paragraph is
A. Don't wait for your company to send you to school.
B. Determine your needs and ask about the company's training program.
C. When it comes to your profession, you should be a lifelong learner.
D. Learn new software technology and improve interpersonal and writing
skills.

11
 Passage Three

There are gender differences in adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies.

Compared with boys, girls are usually less happy with their bodies and have
more negative body images. Also, as puberty proceeds, girls often become
even more dissatisfied with their bodies. This is probably because their body
fat increases. In contrast, boys become more satisfied as they move through
puberty, probably because their muscle mass increases.

The topic of this paragraph is

A. adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies.
B. girls' negative body images.
C. puberty.
D. boys' muscle mass during puberty.
The stated main idea of this paragraph is
A. There are gender differences in adolescents' satisfaction with their
bodies.
B. Compared with boys, girls are usually less happy with their bodies and
have more negative body images.
C. Also, as puberty proceeds, girls often become even more dissatisfied
with their bodies.
D. In contrast, boys become more satisfied as they move through puberty,
probably because their muscle mass increases.

Passage Four
One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series was
a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search that
highlighted several aspiring performers. The final episode of the show

12
 garnered the biggest audience share among 18- to 49-year olds that the
network has ever had. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American
Idol is another in a long list of shows that the United States has imported. In
fact, many popular U.S. TV shows originated overseas. These include the
quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and The Weakest Link, both also
from Britain . Other examples include Survivor, imported from Sweden; Big
Brother , based on a Dutch series of the same name; and TLC's Trading
Spaces, based on the British series, Changing Rooms.

The topic of this paragraph is

A. big programming surprises.
B. American Idol.
C. popular U.S. TV shows.
D. British quiz shows.

The stated main idea of this paragraph is

A. One of the big programming surprises of the 2002 summer TV series
was a show on the Fox Network called American Idol, a talent search
that highlighted several aspiring performers.
B. Based on a British series called Pop Idol, American Idol is another in
a long list of shows that the United States has imported.
C. In fact, many U.S. TV shows have first originated overseas.
D. These include the quiz shows Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and
The Weakest Link, both also from Britain.

13
BEFORE YOU READ

Do you like the city where you are living now while studying in University?
Why?

PASSAGE 1
London has been named as the world’s best city for students, according to the
latest rankings released today.

The QS BEST STUDENT CITIES RANKING, by global education consultancy

QS Quacquarelli Symonds, sees London beat international cities Tokyo (2nd)
and Melbourne (3rd) to first place for the second consecutive year. Other British
cities featuring among the top 30 are Edinburgh (15th) and Manchester (29th).

The rankings
highlight each city’s
performance across
six categories1, with
London’s high
number of top
universities, excellent
employment
opportunities and diversity of its student body as standout factors cementing the
capital’s number one position - as well as the positive feedback provided by
London’s students.

The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, said: “The fact that London has again been
ranked the best city in the world in which to be a student is fantastic news – and is
no surprise given that London is home to world-leading higher education
institutions and a vibrant cultural life. This is further evidence that London is open
to students and talent from around the world.”

14
Lalage Clay, Director, Education and Talent at London & Partners, the Mayor
of London's official promotional agency and home of Study London
said: “These are truly fantastic results for London, confirming its outstanding
reputation as the best student city in the world for the second consecutive year. We
are extremely proud of London’s many world-class universities, our talented and
diverse student body and of the incredible experiences students have in our city.

Source: media.londonandpartners.com

READING EXERCISE

1. What is the best Title of the text?

2. What is the main Idea of the text?

FIND THE SYNONYM

Match the word in the right with the left.

1. Global a. World best

2. World- Leading b. standout
3. Fantastic c. University
4. Highlight d. Outstanding
5. Higher Education Institution e. International

GRAMMAR SECTION
SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE

The subject of a sentence is the person or thing doing the action or being described.
Every sentence must have a subject.

Lee ate the pie.

15
(Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is doing the action.)

Lee is chubby.

(Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is being described.)

Lee is the subject of the verb ATE and IS.

From the text above subject were also shown in:

We are extremely proud of London’s many world-class universities.

We is the subject of the sentence. We is being described

Types of subject
1) Simple Subject
a. Noun
A noun can be a name of a person, place, thing, or idea. Noun as subject
is the person, thing, and idea that performs the action of a verb.
Example:
Students have much homework these days.
Students (PERSON) performs the action of HAVE.

Pontianak won the best city 2020.

Pontianak (PLACE) performs the action of WON.

Noun of Person Noun of Place Noun of Thing Noun of Idea

Albert Einstein Mount Krakatau shoe Beauty
the president Disneyland The Elder Wand Mathematic
my mother Pontianak Garuda Positivism
a girl Home Goal

b. Pronoun

16
 Pronoun as subject is the person or thing that performs the action of a
verb.

Example:
They drank water from a spring
They performs the action of DRANK

I love that dress!

I performs the action of LOVE
Table 1.2 List of Pronoun

I She
You He
They It
We

c. Infinitive
An infinitive is the "to" form of the verb.

TO
TO VERB
INFINITIVE

The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn."

Example:
To learn is important.
To learn performs the action of IS.

d. Gerund
A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing."

VERB ing GERUND

17
 The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading."
Example:
Reading helps you learn English.
Reading performs the action of HELPS

e. Noun Clause
A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. Noun clauses
begin with connector such as how, that, what, whatever, when,
where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,
and why.

The formula:

CONNECTOR SUBJECT VERB

Example:
Whichever restaurant you pick is fine with me.
The sentence is about “WHICHEVER”.

Whoever spilled the milk should clean it up.

In this example, the sentence is about ‘WHOEVER’.

2) Combined Subject
Combined subject is subject that has more than one type of subject
in a sentence. They usually combined with a coordinate conjunction.
Example:
Mango and apple are my favourite fruit.
In this example, the sentence is about ‘Mango and apple’.

18
GRAMMAR EXERCISE

A. Correct or Incorrect
Read each sentence or question and then circle or underline the word
correct or incorrect.

1. Play basketball takes up too much of her time.

___
2. Kiki rides a motorcycle to work.
___
3. Pen pencil are the most useful utensil today.
___
4. Schools are closed during COVID-19.
___
5. Whichever book you read is important for your future.
___

B. Fill in the blank

Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1) __________ kicked the ball so hard that his shoe came off.
A. He D. Pontianak
B. Book E. Enjoying
C. Goods

2) _____________doesn’t eat meat.

A. Vegetarian D. They
B. Us E. Famous
C. Go

3) ________________is the colour of the sky.

A. Rainbows D. Blue

19
 B. She E. Fall
C. Cheerful

4) _______________ happy is the main goal of life.

A. Vegetarian D. We
B. To Be E. Cheerful
C. To

5) ________________is very important.

A. What has happened last D. Last night
night
B. What happened last E. Last
night
C. Happened last night

20
 References

Banville, S. (n.d.). Breaking News English Lesson on COVID-19. Retrieved

August 30, 2020, from https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2003/200304-covid-
19.html
College, C. (n.d.). Finding the main idea. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from
https://www.ccis.edu/offices/academicresources/writingcenter/studyskills/tex
tbookreadingstrategies/findingthemainidea.aspx
Cuesta College. (n.d.). Topics, Main Ideas, and Support. Retrieved August 28,
2020, from
https://www.cuesta.edu/student/resources/ssc/study_guides/reading_comp/30
7_read_main_idea.html
Imam. (n.d.-b). Soal Reading TOEFL Exercise 1 Tentang Main Ideas. Retrieved
August 27, 2020, from http://www.scholarsofficial.com/bahasa-inggris/soal-
reading-toefl-exercise-1-tentang-main-ideas/
Kittelstad Kit. (n.d.). What Is the Subject of a Sentence? Retrieved August 25,
20Kit20, from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/grammar/sentences/what-
is-the-subject-of-a-sentence.html
London & Partner. (n.d.). LONDON CROWNED WORLD’S BEST STUDENT
CITY. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from
https://media.londonandpartners.com/news/london-crowned-worlds-best-
student-city

21
 UNIT 2 HEALTH
A. PRE - LISTENING

YOUR KNOWLEDGE

What is your favorite sport?

1. Match the two halves of these phrases

1. Avoid a. Some exercise

2. Keep b. On fat, salt and sugar
3. Eat c. More fruit and vegetables
4. Lose d. Weight
5. Cut down e. Cigarettes and alcohol
6. take f. Active

2. Answer the questions

Why do doctors
Do you agree with
advise us to look
the advice given in
after our health?
the sentence above?
LISTENING

a. Listening (Randalls)

22
 https://www.esl-lab.com/intermediate/healthy-lifestyle/
Please listen to the conversation about healthy lifestyle then answer the
multiple choice questions below the listening part. (Part A)

b. Vocabulary Practice
After you listen to the listening above, please answer the questions below.
https://www.esl-lab.com/quizzes/healthylifestyle-mix.htm

Instructions
 After you have listened to all of the listening, you can
scroll down the Randall home page.
 Then click the vocabulary practice (Mix-up Sentence)
 After that you can start to do the practice by arrange
the provided sentences into the correct word order.

c. Post Listening Exercise

Find information on the following topics and

discuss your findings.

Additional:
 Do you usually eat healthy lifestyle menu
daily? What is your favorite menu?
 Do you usually do exercises? What is your
favorite exercise?

23
 Serious health concerns in
different countries and
solutions to resolving these
problems

A basic daily menu for a

healthy lifestyle

Recommended exercises for

different age groups and
people with certain health
risks

B. PRE – READING
1. Match the word and phares (1-8) to the definitions (a-h)

a. Major medical problem

1. Physical activity
b. Make a problem less likely
2. Heart rate
c. Scientific proof
3. Serious illness
d. Exercise
4. Medical evidence
e. How fast your heart pumps
5. Reduce the risk of
f. Working with your hands
6. Self-esteem
g. Long lasting disease
7. Chronic disease
h. How you feel about your
8. Manual labour
self

24
 2. Name the type of the exercise shown in the photographs.

Swimming gardening

Squash running cycling

Football doing housework rugby

25
 C. READING

Read the following text and answer the follow up questions of the text!

A. How much physical activity do you do in a week? Are

you getting enough exercise? People who do regular
activity have a lower risk of many chronic diseases, such
as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and some cancers.
Adults who do exercise for just 150 minutes a week can
reduce their risk of serious illness by 50%. Regular
exercise reduces the risk of esteem and sleep quality.
Today, we are much less active than in the past and our
office jobs are far less physical than the manual labor our
grandfathers used to do. In fact, many adults spend seven
hours or more on chair each day

B. This lack of regular physical activity means that people

burn fewer calories than in the past, so we need to do
something extra to use up all our energy. Adults need to
do two and a half hours of moderate exercise per week.
This could be fat walking or cycling on a flat road. In
addition, you should do exercise to strengthen muscles
twice a week.

C. Exercise can be expensive, but it doesn’t have to be.

Team sports such as football, rugby or cricket can be
cheap because all players share the cost of the pitch.
Joining a sports club is usually a cheap way of getting
exercise and can be very sociable, too.

26
 Local leisure centers usually offer squash at cheap rates if
you book court at off-peak times, and you may be able to get
cheap gym membership too. If the leisure center has a pool,
swimming is also a great way to exercise.

D. Alternatively, if you don’t want to spend any money at

all, go for a run. The only equipment needed for this is a pair
of trainers. Similarly, getting off the bus one stop early and
walking the extra distance helps. Go to the park. Try getting
a group of friends or family together and have a game of
football in the park or play the sorts of running games you
haven’t played since you were a child. This is a great way to
spend time with family but also to help you get fit again.
Alternatively, if you want to stay at home, gardening or
doing housework is a great way to get fit and you can enjoy
the benefit of a nice garden and a tidy house, too!

E. Although adults should do two and a half hours of exercise

a week, you don’t have to do it all at one time. Split the time
into ten-minute chunks! If you do ten minutes before work,
ten minutes during your lunch break and ten minutes after
work, five days a week, you’ve achieved the target!
Alternatively, go swimming during your lunch hour two or
three times a week and you’ve done it! There are many ways
of getting fit and we should all recognize the value of doing
this, because we will live longer and be healthier.

27
 POST READING

Reading for details

a) Read the text and answer the questions!

1. Which four medical problems can be avoided by regular exercise?
2. Which three things does exercise improve?
3. How much time do some adults spend each day sitting down?
4. What do team sport players share the cost of?
5. When should you book a squash court for cheap rates?
6. What equipment do you need for running?
7. Where should you go to exercise and spend time with your family?
8. What should we all recognize the value of?

Using key vocabulary

b) Complete the phrases using words from the text to describe ways of getting
fit. The first one has been done for your example.

1. Use up _energy__ 5. Book _______

2. Burn _________ 6. Go for _______
3. Strengthen _________ 7. Get off _______
4. Join _________ 8. Live _______

Discussion
c) Answer the questions and discuss it with your friends

1. How do you keep fit?

2. Is doing sport the best way to keep
fit? Why/Why not?
3. What problems are associated with
doing too much exercise?

28
 A. PRE - LISTENING

YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Do you know how to

Do you know calculate it?
your BMI?

Before you listen to the listening script, answer the questions below.

a. What are three important steps to losing weight in a healthy way?

b. What are some reasons why people struggle with their weight and physical
condition?

Idioms
a. "have one's plate full" = have a lot to do, be busy
"I have my plate full with so many projects, so I don't have
much free time."
b. "What's eating you?" = What is bothering or making
you angry?
"Hey, what's eating you? You look so upset, and you didn't
say a word during dinner."

29
 B. LISTENING
Please listen to the conversation about healthy lifestyle, then
answer the follow up questions.
a. Listening (Randalls)
https://www.esl-lab.com/difficult/diet-plan/

b. Vocabulary practice
https://www.esl-lab.com/quizzes/dietplan-match.htm

You should eat smaller ________of rice with Blunt

your meals

Are you going to ________on ice cream and Cut back

cookies? They aren’t good for you.

It is sometimes ________to eat right when Portions

you are really busy.

My father is very ________ about my eating Load up

habits, so I know exactly what he is thinking.

Why do you always ________ your plate Tough

with French fries and deserts?

Post listening project:

Make a video about your diet plan. The video is about 2 to 5
minutes.

30
 C. READING

A. Obesity is becoming a major problem in many parts of the world. In Britain

alone, there was a 30% increase in the number of people being admitted to
hospital with problems related to obesity last year. An estimated 60% of
British adults are overweight.

B. One way if tackling obesity is to eat less but to eat more healthily. An
average man needed around 2,500 calories per day, while an average woman
requires around 2,000 per day. We should eat a balanced diet which consists
of a variety of foods in order to maintain a healthy weight. A healthy diet
should include approximately 35% fruit and vegetables; 35% carbohydrates,
such as bread, rice, potatoes and pasta (or other starchy food); around 15%
dairy products like milk and cheese; 10% proteins, for example met, fish, eggs
and beans; and only around 5% should be sweet foods- namely cakes or
biscuits- especially those that are high in fat and sugar.

C. In many countries, nutritional values are show on food packaging. In

Britain, there is a traffic light system to show more clearly how good or bad a
particular food product is. Red next to ‘sugar’, for example, means that the
product is high in that particular item; yellow means the product is neither
high nor low in sugar; and green means the product only has a small amount
of sugar in it. The traffic light system helps people to know immediately
whether the food product is good for them.

31
 READING FOR DETAIL
Reading for detail means
reading the text carefully to
extract important details
which help with
understanding the text.

D. Some people argue that foods that are high in fat, such as pizza and potato
chips, and those high in refined sugar, like chocolate and sweets, should be
taxed. This would make junk food too expensive for people to buy in large
quantities. In Denmark, there is now a tax on products that contain more than
2,3% of saturated fat. However, taxing fast food is difficulty because fast
food is difficult because fast food companies are rich and powerful.

E. The role of advertising should not be forgotten. Advertising junk food at

times when children are watching TV was banned in Malaysia in 2007. This
was designed to better protect them from the influence for advertising while
they learn how to choose between treats and foods that are good for them.
On the other hand, there have also been TV education campaigns to
encourage people to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. It has
been estimated that if people ate enough fruit and vegetables, up to 2.7
million lives per year could be saved

F. Governments need to promote healthy eating and the importance of five

portions of fruit and vegetables per day. Similarly, they need to fight obesity
by discouraging people from eating fats and sugars. They must also
encourage people to be more active by providing opportunities for everyone
to get fit, no matter how rich or poor they may be. If governments can change
people’s habits, the world will be a healthier place in the future.

32
 POST READING

Reading for Details

a) Read the essay again to look for the examples that the author uses to
add detail to the argument.

No Topic Examples
1 Carbohydrates Bread,

2 Dairy products

3 Proteins

4 Sweet food

5 High fat food

6 Sugary food

33
 Brainstorm

Brainstorm about the pictures and try to answer the questions below.

1. Why are governments interested in fighting

obesity?
2. Apart from maintaining a healthy weight, why
should we eat a variety of different types of food?
3. Many obese people in the UK are from poor areas.
Why do you think this is?

Discussion

Discuss the questions below.

Is your government
Is obesity a doing anything to What problem
problem in promote a healthy are associated
your country? diet? with doing too
much exercise?

Academic verbs and nouns

It is important to recognize both the verbs and the noun form of
academic words when you are reading and to spell them correctly
34 when you are writing.
 1. Look at the noun in the table and find their verb forms in the paragraph
below. Write the verbs in the table next to the noun forms.

No Noun Verb

1 Injury

2 Provision

3 Reduction

4 Suffering

5 Encouragement

6 Solution

7 Recognition

8 Involvement

2. Look at the short text below and underline the verbs which are used in the
text. Then, find the noun for each verb.

Obesity can reduce life expectancy and lead to serious illness such as
heart disease and diabetes. To address
this problem, some governments run
educational programs advertising
campaigns. These educate people about the
dangers of junk food and the
importance of a balanced diet. They also show
people how to find out about the nutritional values of food. Another
important way to tackle obesity is regular exercise, because the more
physical activity we have, the better we feel.

35
 My verb and noun table
*Number 1 had been done as an example
No Verb Noun
1 Reduce Reduction
2
3
4
5
6

3. Quizizz of the verb

INSTRUCTIONS:
Open the link below and write your name
There are two kind of exercises that you will play.
Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the
conversation (to fill in the blank)
1) Air constricted between the vocal chords makes them ________,
producing sounds.
a) a. to vibrate c). vibrate
b) b. vibrating d). the vibration
2) Vermont, commonly known as the Green Mountain State, refused
_____ until 1791.
a) to join the Union c). the joining of the Union
b) b. joining the Union d). join the Union.
In questions 7–11, each sentence has four highlighted words or
phrases. The four highlighted parts of the sentence are underlined.
Identify the one highlighted word or phrase that must be changed
in order for the sentence to be correct.
3) The gold used in jewelry is not strong enough unless it be alloyed.
a) The gold c.) it
b) Strong enough d) be
4) General damage that been caused by aphids or pollution is
sometimes known as blight.
a) Been caused c.) sometimes
b) By aphids or pollution d.) known as

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5f4317aba979e3001b787dde/verb-
practice

36
 References

Biananda, B. (2020, July 19). Tips paling aman pergi nge-gym saat pandemi

corona. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from

https://kesehatan.kontan.co.id/news/tips-paling-aman-pergi-nge-gym-saat-

pandemi-corona

Brown, J. J. (2013, June 25). Higher BMI Means Higher Risk of Heart Disease

and Heart Failure. Retrieved June 25, 2020, from

https://www.everydayhealth.com/heart-failure/living-with/bad-news-if-

your-bmi-is-high-fat-causes-heart-failure/

Choudhury, P. (2018, June 30). Healthy eating tips for women at 40. Retrieved June

25, 2020, https://goqii.com/blog/healthy-eating-tips-for-women-at-40-2/

Clinical Pharmacist. (2018, November 26). Weight loss drug reduces risk of

diabetes in overweight and obese people. Retrieved June 25, 2020,

https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/research-

briefing/weight-loss-drug-reduces-risk-of-diabetes-in-overweight-and-

obese-people/20205752.article?firstPass=false

Cycling For Fun – Rekindle The Joy Of Bike Riding

(http://onlinebikesshop.com/cycling-for-fun/).

Das, L. (2020, June 1). English Sport Returns behind Closed Doors after

Government Go-Ahead. Retrieved August 21, 2020, from

37
 https://thenumberlies.com/english-sport-returns-behind-closed-doors-after-

government-go-ahead/

Do You Love Cycling? Are You Passionate About Getting Your Community On A

Bike? Become A Breeze Champion

(http://www.activecornwall.org/news/archive/do-you-love-cycling-are-

you-passionate-about-getting-your-community-on-a-bike-become-a-

breeze-champion)

Everything You Need To Know To Start Cycling

(https://magazine.vitality.co.uk/back-on-the-saddle-everything-you-need-

to-know-to-start-cycling-for-fun/)

Fighting Obesity Requires a Choice: Profit or Public Health?

(https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/archive/policy_innovations/

commentary/003892)

Gallagher, J. (2019, November 22). 'Global epidemic' of childhood inactivity.

Retrieved November 22, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-

50466061)

General Listening Quiz "A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE" (https://www.esl-

lab.com/intermediate/healthy-lifestyle/)

General Listening Quiz "A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE" https://www.esl-

lab.com/quizzes/healthylifestyle-mix.htm

38
Godman, H. (2019, July 1). Simplify your workout with lap swimming. Retrieved

June 25, 2020, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/simplify-your-

workout-with-lap-swimming-2019070117254

Haridy, R. (2018, January 25). Study finds obesity can spread through communities

like a "social contagion". Retrieved June 25, 2020, from

https://newatlas.com/obesity-contagious-study-risk/53114/

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/hampshire-uk-sept-15-2018-super-

1244299510

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-ingredients-and-nutritional-information-on-

food-packaging-50234681.html

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/eat-well-be-well-shawana-k-

thompson/1125949206

https://www.123rf.com/photo_40324179_diet-change-healthy-lifestyle-concept-

and-having-the-courage-to-accept-the-challenge-of-losing-weigh.html

https://id.pinterest.com/pin/771241504931435028/

https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-illustration-no-ice-cream-red-glass-forbidden-

sign-cones-image40962746

https://twitter.com/who/status/1235108815894437888

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football

https://id.pinterest.com/pin/136304326205675979/

39
https://id.pinterest.com/pin/396668679662322877/

https://stock.adobe.com/images/no-junk-food-illustrated-with-a-sign-on-top-of-

junkf-ood/231916801

If Kiwis come knocking, Australian rugby must take what it can get

(https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/15/if-kiwis-come-knocking-

australian-rugby-must-take-what-it-can-get)

Is it safe to go to the gym during the coronavirus pandemic?

(https://www.foxbusiness.com/lifestyle/is-it-safe-to-go-to-the-gym-during-

the-coronavirus-pandemic)

Luff, C. (2020, April 1). How to Start Running: The Absolute Beginners' Guide.

Retrieved April 1, 2020, from https://www.verywellfit.com/how-to-start-

running-the-absolute-beginners-guide-2911191

Marakini, P. (2020, May 20). 7 Day GM Diet Plan for Weight Loss. Retrieved

June 25, 2020, from https://www.healthifyme.com/blog/gm-diet-plan-

weight-loss/.

Meaningful Classroom Discussion Strategies Workshops

(https://www.unomaha.edu/news/events/2019/10/meaningful-classroom-

discussion-strategies-workshops.php)

Mobilian, J. (2020, March 18). The National Garden Bureau shares ways gardeners

can carry on through COVID-19. Retrieved June 25, 2020, from

40
 https://www.gardencentermag.com/article/national-garden-bureau-

coronavirus-activities/.

Raina, K. ( 2019, January 7). Importance of a Balanced Diet – How It Can Enhance

Your Health. Retrieved June 25, 2020,

https://parenting.firstcry.com/articles/importance-of-balanced-diet-how-it-

can-enhance-your-health/

Shereen, S. (2020, August 13). 1-Week Healthy and Balanced Meal Plan

Example. Retrieved August 13, 2020, from

https://www.verywellfit.com/an-example-of-a-healthy-balanced-meal-

plan-2506647)

The Phrase Finder (https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/chip-on-your-

shoulder.html)

Vegetable (https://www.britannica.com/topic/vegetable)

Westbrook, C. (2014). Unlock : Reading & writing skills 3. United Kingdom.

Cambridge University Press.

9 Student Engagement Strategies for Online Discussion Forums in 2019

(https://edservices.wiley.com/9-student-engagement-strategies-for-

discussion-forums/)

41
 UNIT 3
MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY

A. Listening

The New Class

Description: A woman tells her male friend about her new Spanish class.
Language: Present Simple and present continuous. Description of people and
places.

A girl talks about her new Spanish class.

I. Activity 1.
Please fill the blanks based on the recording you hear!
https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/1L3-the-new-class.php

Steve: Hi Susan, did your new Spanish class start today?

Susan: Hi Steve. Yeah, it was great fun. Hola!

Steve: Hey, you learned something already! So, tell me about the other
students.

Susan: Well, first I want to tell you about the teacher. She's crazy! Her
name in Maria and she's from Malaga in the south of Spain. She's
about 35 years old and is a really (1) ……….. person. She's
very funny. It's difficult to understand her accent sometimes but I'm
sure it will get easier.

Steve: How many students are there in the class?

Susan: Oh, about 12 I think. Everyone is about the same age, so that's
great.

Steve: Where are you going, where are you doing the lessons? Are you at
the (2) ………… near the tennis club?

42
 Susan: No. We're at the town library. We are using a small room at the
library so it's really quiet and all the books are right there!

Steve: Are the other students all American?

Susan: Most of them are, yes. There is a Japanese girl called Miko. She is
probably the best in the class. Her accent is (3) ………... I think
she studied Spanish at school.

Steve: Ah ha...

Susan: And then there's an English boy called James. He lives here and
works at the university. He wants to learn (4) ………. because he
hopes to go to Argentina next year. He is very young, about 22
years old.

Steve: And the rest of you are American?

Susan: Yes, apart from James and Miko, the rest of us are American.
I (5) ………… your mother's friend Rosemary.

Steve: Rosemary? Who's she?

Susan: That friend your mother (6) ………… tennis with sometimes.

Steve: Oh, Rose Marie! Why is she learning (7) ……….? She speaks
Italian and French already!

Susan: Well, maybe she wants to be multi-lingual. She speaks really well.
I feel so stupid in that class and that's after just one lesson! Oh
dear....

Steve: Don't worry Susan, maybe I'll come by next lesson and then I will
be the (8) ……….. for sure. What did you do in today's class?

Susan: Because it was the first (9)……….. only, we did some basic things
like the numbers to ten and how to ask a person's name……

Steve: OK, ask me my name in Spanish!

Susan: Oh! Erm, I can't (10)……………….... Como ti, come te yama,

como ti yamo, oooh! I can't remember anything!

Steve: (laughs) I will come to the next lesson and help you!

43
 II. Activity 2

A girl talks about her new Spanish class.

Listen to the mp3 file and put 1-3 words into each space. Then listen
again to check.

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/1L3-the-new-class.php

1. Susan's teacher is a 35-year old from the city of .

2. There are about students in the class.

3. The lessons are in the local .

4. The best student in the class is a girl called Miko.

5. The student James wants to go to next year.

6. Most of the students come from .

7. One of Susan's classmates is a friend of .

8. In today's lesson, they learned how to ask someone's name and

some .

III. Activity 3

A girl talks about her new Spanish class. As you listen, match the person
on the left with the information on the right.
Write the correct number in each space!

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/1L3-the-new-class-2.php

44
 1. Miko is the girl we are listening to
2. Rose Marie is not mentioned at all!
3. David plays tennis
4. Susan is very funny
5. Maria
is the boy we are listening to
6. Steve
wants to visit South America
7. James
has a great accent

ONLINE TROUBLE
Description: A website customer calls online support to report a problem with
the website.
Language: Problems with ordering online, internet vocabulary.

I. Activity 1.

A customer has problems making a purchase on a website.

Please fill the blanks based on the recording you hear!

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/3l4-online-trouble.php

Jackie: Good morning, Power Net Software, this is Jackie. Can I help you?

David: Hi, I've been trying to order some of your software from the website
but there seems to be a problem because my order didn't go through.

Jackie: Oh, I'm sorry about that Sir. The (1) ……………….. department
sent everyone a memo this morning saying there was a problem
with one of the servers. That's probably why you had some
difficulty.

David: Would it be possible for me to place my order through you now? I

really need this (2)…………….. as soon as possible. It's for my

45
 work you see. I don't want to have to wait until tomorrow as I might
be out seeing customers.

Jackie: OK, sure. Now then, what is it you would like to order from us?

David: Your site had a great offer on something called Viva Voce. The
price was something like 25% off the normal recommended
(3)…………….. price. Could you tell me something more about this
product please?

Jackie: Well, I'm afraid that price is only available for those of our
customers who order through our (4) ……………...

David: That's hardly fair, is it? I just tried to order through your site and, as
I told you, the sale wouldn't go through. Can't you give me that
discount anyway?

Jackie: Yeah, I think that would be alright. It's not as if it's your fault. Now,
what did you want to know about Viva Voce? It's one of our best
selling (5). …………………….

David: Do you have that program also in the Professional edition? I only
saw the Standard edition but we need the extra recording software
which comes with the Professional edition.

Jackie: Fine, let's have a look ... Yes, we have the Professional edition and
that is also discounted 25%.

David: Now, in our office, there are both Windows and Mac (6)
………………. How much is the Mac version of this software? I
don't want to have to pay too much more.

46
 Jackie: Hmmm, we don't seem to have the Mac version in stock at the
moment. It's arriving this evening or tomorrow morning.

David: One more question for you and then I'll be done. Is there a
microphone included with the software? I tried to find out from your
website but it didn't seem to be very clear whether there was a mic
included or not.

Jackie: Yes, all our speech recognition software comes with a free (7)
…………………. although, between you and me, the quality isn't
the best. I would recommend you buy a higher quality one,
especially if you are planning to use this for your work.

David: Thanks a lot for that information. Those free mics are usually pretty
poor, aren't they? OK, we're done. I have ordered through you before
and my customer number is 794791. You should have all my contact
(8) …………… and credit card number on file.

Jackie: 794791 ... let's see, oh yes. Here you are, Mr. David Thompson, is
that correct?

David: Yes, that's me. How long will the delivery take?

Jackie: You should have this by Wednesday. Can I just confirm then - you
want one (9)…………….. edition and one Mac edition when it
comes through to us this evening or tomorrow?

David: No, just send me the one Windows Professional. We'll just have to
do all the speech recognition work on the Windows computers, it's
not such a big deal.

47
 Jackie: Great. Thanks for calling Power Net (10)………………. Have a
nice morning.
David: Thanks very much, goodbye.

II. Activity 2.

Listen to a customer speaking to telephone support. Answer the

questions choosing either "True", "False" or "don't know" if the
information isn't included in the recording.

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/3l4-online-trouble.php

1. Jackie was surprised that David had problems placing his order.

true

false

don't know
2. David needs to order the software for his office.

true

false

don't know
3. Jackie gives him the 25% discount even though he's not ordering online.

true

false

don't know

4. The Mac version is more expensive than the Windows version

48
 true

false

don't know
5. Jackie tells David that the free microphones are usually not very good
quality.

true

false

don't know
6. The company offers free shipping.

true

false

don't know
7. David buys both versions of the software.

true

false

don't know

III. Activity 3
A customer has problems making a purchase on a website.
Put the following facts in the order they were discussed on the call -
NOT the order in which they happened.

Write 1 for the first fact discussed, 2 for the second, and so on.
https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/3L4-online-trouble-2.php

1. The woman explains the conditions of an offer.

2. The man asks when he will get the software.

3. The man says he's impatient.

49
 4. The man says the price is good.

5. The woman apologizes.

6. The man says they will only be able to use the software on certain

computers.

7. The man explains that he needs the better version of the software.
8. The woman is honest about the limitations of the produce they are

selling.

B. Reading Comprehension

Video Games: A Boon or Bane

Modern technologies like televisions and

computers provide identifiable educational.
Over-use of technology, though, especially
such gadgets as cell phones and video game s,
presents a whole range of problems which
may interfere with a student's ability to learn and attend lessons.
Playing video games over an extensive period of time may cause social
withdrawal outside of the gaming real. Although this does not always
occur, it is possible if you do not occupy your time with other outdoor
hobbies and activities. On a positive note, playing video games online
with gamers around the world will allow you to socialize and
communicate with various cultures with ease. You will have the abilit y
to meet new online gamers each day.
It is easy to become addicted to gaming. Some students may
attempt to do this in class, which disrupts their learning. They might
also sleep less, which can slow down their thinking the next day. Kids
putting in long hours on their gadgets will give less attention to

50
 assignments and may be irritable when they are away from their
gadgets. There is circumstantial evidence linking a rise in attention
deficit disorder with increased use of video games, causing many
scientists to worry about children causing permanent harm to their
brains by spending too much time interacting with such gadgets.
Persistent use of high-tech gadgetry can lead to a slew of healt h
problems for young and old alike. Apart from the repetitive strain
injuries, video gamers are likely to suffer
from eye problems caused by long exposure
to the black-lit screens.
A sedentary lifestyle - lack of exercise
- discourages exercise and encourages
obesity. Taking breaks in between will
dramatically improve your health if you are
not currently working your body out. Purchase fitness games that allow
you to track your body's progress over time - motivating you if you can't
seem to tear yourself away from the console.
Video games are definitely fun and entertaining and are also
good for relieving tension. However, too much indulgence can lead to
addiction which, in turn, can have physical as well as psychological
effects on children. (by doralilacs)

Reading activity

 Read the text and select the right choice:

The text’s type is …
A. Informative
B. Argumentative
C. Descriptive

51
  Match the paragraphs with the most appropriate subtitles:
Paragraph Subtitles
Paragraph 2 A- Addiction and lower school performance
Paragraph 3 B- Putting video-gamers' health in jeopardy
Paragraph 4 C- The social effect: withdrawal vs.
Integration

 Match the items from both columns with their equivalents in

meaning:
Items Meaning
1- Withdrawal (§ 2) A- Alleviating and appeasing usu.
2- Attention deficit disorder (§ Some pain
3) B- A huge number of
3- A slew of (§ 4) C- Motionless and idle
4- Sedentary (§ 5) D- The fact of satisfying /spoiling
5- Relieving (§ 6) one's desires
6- Indulgence (§ 6) E- A short attention span
F- Isolation, detachment and
solitude

 Fill in the table with the different advantages and disadvan tages of
video games:
Advantages Disadvantages Suggested solutions
- …................. - …………………… - …………………
. - …………………… - …………………
- …………………… - …………………
- …………………… - …………………
- ……………

52
C. Grammar focus

Noun
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea

Type of noun

Common Abstract Concrete

Proper Noun
Noun Noun Noun

Countable Uncountable Compound Collective

Noun Noun Noun Noun

Singular
Plural Noun
Noun

53
 1. Common Noun apple/apples, train, clock
etc…
Nonspecific
people,places,things or
ideas Man, city, religion
etc….
6. Uncountable Noun
Cannot be counted Milk,
2. Proper Noun
music,food,water, snow, rice
Specific people, places, etc…
things….

Albert Einstein, London

etc… 7. Compound Noun
Made up of two or more smaller
words Textbook, snowball,
3. Abstract Noun seafood, sunflower
Something that you can
not perceive with your
five senses 8. Collective Noun

Belief, love, pride, Refer to a group of things as one

happiness etc… whole

Bunch, audience, flock, group,

family
4. Concrete Noun
Something that you can 9. Singular Noun
perceive with your five
Refer to one person, place
senses
things, or idea
Apple, lion, eyes, flower
etc… Cat, dog, ship, monkey, hero
etc…

5. Countable Noun
10. Plural Noun
Can be counted
Refer to more than one person,
Pencil/pencils, place things, or idea

Dogs, cats, ships, babies etc…

54
  Sort the noun into the correct boxes below

America house class bird running

peace Monday team love computer
Cape Town book singing paper pen
family air swimming crowd Mary
flying cup key commitment phone
January group crying chair hate

Proper Common Collective Abstract Concrete Gerunds

•........... •........... •........... •........... •........... •...........

•........... •........... •........... •........... •........... •...........
•........... •........... •........... •........... •........... •...........
•........... •........... •........... •........... •........... •...........
•........... •........... •........... •........... •........... •...........

55
56
 Noun Suffixess
Root Word + Suffix = Noun

-ABILITY -ACY -AGE

Availability Privacy Average
Adaptability Pharmacy Marriage
reliability Democracy luggage

-AL -ACE, -ENCE -DOM

Arrival Importance Freedom
Survival Experience Kingdom
Approval Sentence Boredom

-MENT -NESS -SHIP

Argument Happiness Friendship
Statement Goodness Ownership
Government Darkness Worship

-SION, -CION -TION, -ATION -URE

Decision Nation Culture
Vision Creation Pressure
Suspicion Information Signature

57
USE A DICTIONARY TO MAKE A NOUN FROM EACH OF THESE
VERBS

VERB NOUN
Suggest
Agree
Explain
Advise
Feel
Promise
Complain
Protect
Know
Succeed
Fly
VERB NOUN
Advertise
Collect
Decide
Fail
Describe
Criticize
Prefer
Combine
Discover
Offer
Announce

USE THE WORDS FROM THE CHART TO COMPLETE THESE

SENTENCES

1. They failed to reach an …… ……, so a strike is expected soon.

58
 2. They’ve got sports clothes on special … ……, this week. They’re really
cheap!
3. I bought this car after seeing a full-page ……… … …, in the newspaper.
4. We often use a … ….. …. . of skills when we learn a language.
5. We wanted the meeting to be a success but it was a complete … … …
Only two people come.
6. He told everybody my secret. He didn’t keep his … … … … to be quiet.
7. Someone has tried to kill him twice, so he has asked for police … … … ..
for him and his family.
8. This strange decision has received a lot of … .. …… . Nobody agrees
with it.
9. The … … … … … … of this company depends on everybody’s work.
10. I know what he likes. He has shown me all his … … … … …
11. I’d like to make a … … … … … Why don’t we go to a Chinese
restaurant?
12. He’s got a very large stamp … … … …, maybe the largest I’ve ever
heard of.
13. The tourist wanted to make a formal… … … … … … about the service
in the hotel.
14. I have the … ….. … that we have taken the wrong road. Let’s go back to
the village.
15. We didn’t know what to do, but we knew it was important to make a
quick…… ……
16. Scientists all over the world have made a lot of important…. … … …
17. I gave a full … … … ….. of the thief to the police: height, colour of hair,
colour of skin….
18. The man knows a lot about different subjects. He is a man of
considerable … .. …
19. The official … … … … , of the royal wedding will be made next
Saturday morning.

59
 20. The concert started very late and we all wanted a convincing ….. …. . of
the delay.
21. The International … … … … , from London to New York took longer
than expected.
22. You should follow your doctor’s … … … .. …., and stay in bed for a few
days.

Identifying noun

direction :
1. read the text video games: a boon or bane.
2. highlight and write the noun in the column.
3. if the noun is repeated in the text, only write it once.

NOUN NOUN NOUN

1. ………………………. 21. ………………………. 11. ……………………….

2. ………………………. 22. ………………………. 12. ……………………….
3. ………………………. 23. ………………………. 13. ……………………….
4. ………………………. 24. ………………………. 14. ……………………….
5. ………………………. 25. ………………………. 15. ……………………….
6. ………………………. 26. ………………………. 16. ……………………….
7. ………………………. 27. ………………………. 17. ……………………….
8. ………………………. 28. ………………………. 18. ……………………….
9. ………………………. 29. ………………………. 19. ……………………….
10. ………………………. 30. ………………………. 20. ……………………….

60
D. Speaking
 Http://www.youtube.com/watch?V=0fu4vmixxwc

You are a pediatric specialist and you've watched the documentary

supporting videogames which, as a matter of fact, you happen not to
agree with. You've, therefore, been invited for a radio -interview to warn
parents about the bane video gaming is likely to cause to their children;
hence the drastic harmful effects of such hi-tech on kids' health:

 You may follow the outline/hints below:

Student a (journalist) Student b (pediatric specialist)
1- Welcomes the doctor to the 1- Expresses pleasure to be
show and asks him to invited to the show and
introduce himself. introduces himself (director at
2- Inquires about the reasons untan hospital in pontianak).
behind the special attention 2- Expresses his concerns about
to video games and the future of his country and
children. children are the ones on whom
3- Wonders about the possible the welfare of a nation
dangers posed by excessive depends.
exposure to video games. 3- Lists the numerous negative
4- Asks about the possible impacts of video games on
ways to avoid such hazards. child's social life and mental
5- Thanks the doctor for and physical health.
attending the interview and 4- Provides parents with advice
encourages listeners to feel and solutions to help their kids
free to participate if they cut down on video games.
have any inquiries. 5- Expresses willingness to
answer the viewers' questions
E. Writing

 Write a short paragraph about the use of video games in your city.

61
 References

esl-lounge.com (2020). The New Class.Diakses pada 25 Agustus 2020

darihttps://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/1L3-the-new-class.php

esl-lounge.com (2020). Online Trouble.Diakses pada 25 Agustus 2020

darihttps://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/3L4-online-trouble.php

youtube.com (2020). Digital Words, Kids today. Diakses pada 31 August 2020
dari http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fu4vmiXxwc

62
 UNIT 4
ENTREPRENEUR

WARM-UPS
1. Look at the words and phrases in the word cloud.
 Are there any words/phrases you do not know the meaning of?

Words/phrases you know and the meanings Words/phrases you don’t know

Next

63
 Michael Dell’s Advice to Entrepreneurs

PRE LISTENING

1. Before you start watching the video, answer the questions below:

- Michael Dell is famous as a Politician. (TRUE or FALSE)

- Forbes Magazine put Michael Dell as one of top 50 tycoons in the world.
(TRUE or FALSE)

- Michael Dell ever spent his under-graduate education in the University of

Kansas. (TRUE or FALSE)

2. Match the words in part A with their synonyms in part B.

NO PART A PART B
1 Invest (Verb) Speculate
2 Corporation Devote
3 Gamble (Verb) Company
4 Client Partnership
5 Organization Customer

LISTENING

1. Click on the link below and watch the video carefully.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBsCZpomy24

2. Watch the video and pay attention to it! (You can pause and rewind the video.)
3. Based on your viewpoint, write down 5 – 10 important information from the
video.

64
4. Use your notes to answer the listening comprehension questions below. You are
allowed to rewind and pause the video several times if you think it is necessary.
You can decelerate the playback speed and activate English subtitle by clicking
supporting symbol (tool) at the top right corner of YouTube video screen in your
smartphone.

Listening Comprehension Question. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it

is FALSE.

1. Michael Dell devote $ 70 million dollars in his corporation when things were
going bad.

2. He got more than 2 million dollars as the result of this speculation.

3. Michael Dell begin his business since 23 years ago.

4. Apart from lowering prices on computers, Dell tries to improve customer

service to turn around its business

5. According to this report, Dell agreed to an exclusive partnership with Intel.

POST LISTENING
1. Watch the video again and revise the incorrect statement from questions 1 - 5.

5 Easy Steps for Website Success

Pre Listening
1. How many of these words do you know? Use your own smartphone to access
online dictionary and check the meaning of any words.

focus deserve content

prospect sign up homepage

65
Listening
1. Click on the link below and watch the video carefully.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=29&v=3SotjnQWNsw&featur
e=emb_title
2. Watch the video, and pay attention to it! (You can pause and rewind the video.)
3. Based on your viewpoint, write down 5 – 10 important information from the
video.
4. Use your notes to answer the listening comprehension questions below.
You are allowed to rewind and pause the video several times if you think it is
necessary. You can decelerate the playback speed and activate English subtitle
by clicking supporting symbol (tool) at the top right corner of YouTube video
screen in your smartphone.

Listening Comprehension Questions. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it

is FALSE.

1. The first thing that Joe asks is whether your website has an interesting layout.
2. People want to improve their business websites when these websites achieve
business goals.
3. Joe's first recommendation is you should focus on building a website.
4. According to Joe, people come to a website because of the content.
5. Joe's fourth tip is to know your customers.

Post Listening
1. Watch the video again and revise the incorrect statement from questions 1 - 5.

66
PRE-READING

Before you read, answer the following questions.

 Have you ever sold something? What is it?

 Do you like to buy or to sell something?
 What do you know about entrepreneur?

READING 1

What is an Entrepreneur?

Do you have a cool idea for a product? If so, you could be an entrepreneur. An
entrepreneur is someone who decides to create or run a business, even though he
or she might lose some money. Entrepreneurs are often creative, daring people,
and the businesses they operate are very important to communities. Let's find out
about some famous entrepreneurs, and learn how entrepreneurs get started.

Who Are Some Famous Entrepreneurs?

One well-known entrepreneur was Walt Disney. As a child, Disney grew up on a

farm and spent time drawing pictures of farm animals. As an adult, he continued
to draw and created a cartoon character for a major movie company he worked
for. When that company decided to reduce his pay, Disney quit his job and created
another character that led to the start of a huge company - maybe you've heard of
Mickey Mouse?

Another famous entrepreneur was Madame CJ Walker. She was born in the
1860s, a time when African American women had few rights. In fact, almost
everyone in her family was a slave. When she realized there were no beauty
products available for African Americans, she decided to create her own. Madame
Walker's products were so popular, she wound up earning over a million dollars.

67
How do entrepreneurs get started?

Many great entrepreneurs get started with a process called brainstorming, where
people try to think of as many ideas as possible about products or services they
can create. Once they've decided on a great idea, they make a plan. This may
include creating a timeline of steps they want to take. It can also include involving
people who might be able to support the idea or business, either through money or
time.

Exercise 1

Now, based on the text above, choose an answer.

1. What is an entrepreneur?
a. A person who works for someone who owns a business
b. A person who decides to create or run a business
c. A person who buys a successful business
d. A person who teaches business at a college

2. What inspired Madame Walker to become an entrepreneur?

a. She saw a need for products designed for African Americans.
b. She was the first African American woman to study business.
c. She came from a family of wealthy entrepreneurs.
d. She was determined to become a millionaire.

3. Which of the following it the best definition of the term 'brainstorming'?

a. Coming up with a single solution to a problem
b. Coming up with a main and a back-up idea or solution
c. Coming up with as many ideas or solutions as possible
d. Discarding any risky ideas or solutions for problems

68
REFERENCE

In a "Reference" question, you are asked what the highlighted word refers to. If
it's a pronoun then you need to identify what word the pronoun is replacing. Here
are highlighted words you might be asked about:

1. Subject pronoun: it, they

2. Object pronoun: it, them

3. Demonstrative pronoun: these, those, this, that

4. Possessive adjectives: its, their

5. Other reference words: the former, the latter, one, ones, another, other, others

Examples of Questions

Pronoun “they” in line x refers to ...

Strategies

• Remember! You don’t need a full understanding of the complete passage in

order to solve this question type.
• Read a few sentences that come before it.
• Eliminate options that occur after the reference in the passage
• You can subtitute the answer (option) with the reference in the passage. If the
answer makes sense when you subtitute it, it may be the correct answer.

Exercise 2

Now answer the following questions based on the above text.

1. The words he or she in line 2 (text 1) refer to….

2. The word they in line 3 (text 1) refers to ….
3. The word he in line 2 (text 2) refers to ….
4. The word he in line 6 (text 2) refers to ….
5. The word they in line 2 (text 3) refers to ….
6. The word it in line 4 (text 3) refers to ….

69
READING 2
Read this introduction to a meeting. Try to guess what the chairwoman mean by
the phrases in the bold.

1. Right ... I think we should start now. Robert, Alice ... could you ...? Robert ...?
Thanks.

2. OK, so, is everybody here? Who are we waiting for? Hmmm ... well, I think
we’ll have to make a start without them. We’ve got a lot to get through this
afternoon.

3. Right, well, as you know, the purpose of today’s meeting is to see where we are
with the marketing plan, and to work out what we still need to dobefore the
launch, which is now just six weeks away.

4. By the end of the meeting, we need to have a list of firm action points for the
next month. Hopefully we’ll then need only one more meeting next month to
tie up any remaining loose ends.

5. Did everyone get a copy of the agenda I sent round? OK, good.

6. As I say, we’ve got a lot to get through, so please let’s stick to the agenda. I’ve
set aside two hours for this meeting, and we really can’t afford to run over.
Ideally, we can cover everything in an hour and a half. Does that sound
reasonable?

7. Ah, Helena, come and take a seat. We started without you.

8. So perhaps we can get the ball rolling by going through the list of action points
from the last meeting.

9. Borys, you were going to look into the costs of the various options that came up
last time. Could you tell us what you found out?

70
Exercise 3

Match the nine steps in the meeting introduction (1–9) to the descriptions (a–i).

a. Stating the desired outcome.

b. Introducing the first point on the agenda.

c. Getting people’s attention, interrupting small talk

d. Handing over to the first speaker.

e. Dealing with non-attendees.

f. Dealing with a late arrival.

g. Explaining time limits and procedures.

h. Stating the purpose

i. Checking people have seen the agenda.

Exercise 4

Without looking back at the chairwoman’s introduction, match the beginnings and
endings to make useful phrases for getting a meeting started.

1 to make A aside X hours for sth

2 to have B the ball rolling by doing sth
3 to see C everything in X hours
4 to tie D into sth
5 to tie E a lot to get through
6 to stick F over
7 to set G round a copy of the agenda
8 to run H a start without sb
9 to cover I sth out
10 to get J through a list of action points
11 to go K to the agenda
12 to look L up (at the last meeting)
13 to come M up any remaining loose ends

71
 14 to find N where we are with sth

ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are used with nouns to make the meaning more specific. If you use the
noun ‘bear’ it can mean any animal of that species. As soon as you say ‘a large,
brown bear’ you have given two of its attributes (colour and size). A noun is said
to be modified by its adjectives.Adjectives have two main features:

 Most adjectives can go before a noun; this is known as their attributive

use.

 a tall girl

 green grass

 four badly behaved little boys

 Most adjectives can also go after a link verb such as be or seem; this is
known as their predicative use.

 The roses are yellow.

 The girls are getting tall.

 These books seem really interesting.

Any word that can go into both of these positions is a normal adjective. When
used predicatively (after a link verb), an adjective can either describe the subject
of a sentence,

 The roses are yellow.

 The girls are getting tall.

 These books are really interesting.

or the object of the sentence.

 Anna painted the room green.

 The children drove him mad.

72
ADJECTIVE ORDER

The order is normally:

1. adjectives that describe feelings or qualities.

 pleasant childhood memories

 beautiful brown hands

2. adjectives of size, age, temperature, or measurement.

 some hot scones

 a rectangular pie dish

 those nice young girls

 a lovely big smile

3. adjectives of colour.

 the green hills of home

 smart brown shoes

 her beautiful blue eyes

4. adjectives of nationality or origin.

 those friendly Spanish girls

 both the small grey Irish horses

 an elegant French woman

5. adjectives denoting the substance or material that something is made from.

 a large wooden door

 an elegant silver teapot

It is possible to pile up adjectives in English, but in practice more than four is

uncommon.

 a happy young blonde German girl

73
  beautiful old English half-timbered houses

 Adjectives before a noun are not usually separated by and, unless they are
adjectives of colour.

 a green and white striped shirt

 a red and blue flag

 Adjectives can themselves be premodified by adverbs of degree.

 an extremely intelligent student

 a very tall man

 a fairly untidy flat

Some adjectives can only be used predicatively (i.e. after a link verb such as be).
Many of the members of this group begin with a-:

 afloat, afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake.

 Our balloon was aloft at last.

 Charles is abroad again.

 The child is afraid.

 The girls were asleep and were not aware of the noise.

When an adjective is used predicatively it may have to be followed by a particular

preposition if the phrase continues.

She was glad. She was glad to help.

He was afraid. He was afraid for his life.

I was free. I was free from guilt.

It is devoid of interest. He was intent on revenge.

There are some adjectives such as devoid (of), intent (on) that always have to have
a following phrase.Although attributive adjectives usually come before the noun

74
that they modify, there are some that can go immediately after the noun,
particularly when they are used with plural nouns, e.g. absent, present, involved,
concerned. When these adjectives are used in this position they may have a
different meaning from the one that they have when they come before the noun.

 Everyone present was given tea.

 The present government took over four years ago.

 The people absent from work were all ill.

 Let us toast absent friends.

 The dealers concerned were sent to jail.

 There were letters from concerned parents.

 There are some set phrases which always have an adjective immediately
after the noun.

e.g.

 the Princess Royal

 a lion rampant

 the president elect

 the Attorney General

PREMODIFIERS AND POSTMODIFIERS

Adjectives, determiners, and other nouns can all be used to describe a noun more
specifically; that is, they can be used as modifiers. Nouns can also be modified by
prepositional groups (groups of words that begin with a preposition) and relative
clauses added after the noun. To make it simpler to talk about any modifying
word which comes in front of a noun, we can use the term premodifier.

a young man these onions

75
my aunt’s house the elephant house

Those modifiers that come after the noun are called postmodifiers.

 the young man with the guitar

 the person who met me

 the girl I was standing near

 the people involved

Exercise 5

1. He reads a book. (quick)

2. Mandy is a girl. (pretty)

3. The class is loud today. (terrible)

4. Max is a singer. (good)

5. You can open this tin. (easy)

6. It's a day today. (terrible)

7. She sings the song . (good)

8. He is a driver. (careful)

9. He drives the car . (careful)

10. The dog barks . (loud)

COMPARISON
The comparative form of an adjective is commonly used to compare two people,
things, or states, when you want to say that one thing has a larger or smaller
amount of a quality than another.

76
  If the second part of the comparison is mentioned it follows than.

 Anna is taller than Mary but Mary is older.

 Emma is much slimmer than when I last saw her.

 Online learning is less expensive than conventional college courses.

 Comparison in which you are considering whether two people or things

are equal is shown by using as…as in the affirmative and not as…as or not
so…as in the negative.

 Helen is as tall as Linda, but not as strong.

The superlative form is used for more than two people, things, or states, when one
thing has qualities that exceed all the others. Superlative adjectives have the in
front of them, but it can be omitted in predicative positions.

 That is the smallest camera I have ever seen.

 He gave the least expensive gift to his sister.

 I’ll have whichever is (the) ripest.

There are two ways in which the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
are formed:

 You add -er (comparative) or -est (superlative) to the adjective. Adjectives

with one syllable usually take these endings.

comparative superlative

bright brighter the brightest

long longer the longest

sharp sharper the sharpest

 You add the word more or most in front of the adjective. Adjectives with
three syllables or more use more or most in front of the adjective.

77
 comparative superlative

fortunate more fortunate the most fortunate

relevant more relevant the most relevant

Exercise 6

Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).

1. My house is (big) than yours.

2. This flower is (beautiful) than that one.

3. This is the (interesting) book I have ever read.

4. Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.

5. Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?

6. A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the

mountains.

7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer.

8. Who is the (rich) woman on earth?

9. The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer.

10. He was the (clever) thief of all.

Exercise 7

Look at the next page

78
79
 Reference

Biber, Douglas. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow,

England: Longman, 1999.
Imada 2020 retrieve from https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-
worksheets/search/personality%20adjective
https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/easy-learning/comparison
https://study.com/academy/practice/entrepreneur-quiz-worksheet-for-kids.jpg
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-
adverbs/adjectives/exercises
https://www.englisch-
hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_adverb.htm
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/entrepreneurs-are-great

80
 UNIT 5 - SOCIAL, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
CULTURE OF CORRUPTION

WARM-UPS
✔ How do you define corruption?
✔ Do you think the culture of corruption can be completely eradicated? Why, or
why not?
✔ What is your opinion about “Death Penalty for corruptors in Indonesia”?
✔ As a youth, what have you done to prevent yourselves from doing corruption?

LISTENING
Pre-listening activity.

You will listen to a short passage entitled “Former Brazilian President in jail”.
Before you listen, guess if the questions below are true (T) or false (F). Circle T if
you think it’s true, circle F if you think it’s false. Use your prior knowledge to
answer the questions. Compare your answer with your friends!

1. Brazil's president surrendered to the police on Saturday night. T / F

2. Lula da Silva was sentenced to 20 years in prison. T / F
3. Lula's supporters tried to block him from going to the police. T / F
4. There were many clashes between Lula's supporters and the police. T / F
5. Lula da Silva was born into a rich family. T / F
6. Lula da Silva became president the first time he ran for office. T / F
7. Barack Obama called Lula da Silva the most popular politician on Earth. T / F
8. Lula da Silva doesn't want to run for office again. T / F

81
 Fill in the gap in the text below while you listen to the audio recording!

Brazil's former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva is in (1) ____________ after
surrendering to authorities on Saturday night. He was sentenced to spend 12 years
behind (2) ____________ after being found guilty of money laundering and
corruption. It is a huge fall from (3) ____________ for the still-popular ex-leader.
Mr da Silva still has (4) ____________ support and just hours before turning
himself in to the police, his supporters were trying to stop him from going into
custody. Hundreds of supporters from a metal workers' (5) ____________ blocked
a gate where a car carrying da Silva was trying to leave to meet police officers. It
was only with the help of his (6) ____________ that he could get through the
crowds. This meant possible (7) ____________ with armed police were (8)
____________.

Mr da Silva is affectionately known as Lula by his supporters. He was born in (9)

____________ and rose through the (10) ____________ of workers' unions to
become leader of South America's largest country. He ran for the presidency (11)
____________ times before being elected to office in 2002. He (12) ____________
from 2003 to 2010. During his two administrations, he initiated several social
welfare programs and (13) ____________ the economy. This helped tens of
millions out of (14) ____________ poverty, which made him very popular. Former
U.S. President Barack Obama once called da Silva, "the most popular politician on
Earth". When he left office, his (15) ____________ rating was an impressive 83 per
cent. He hopes to (16) ____________ his conviction and run for president again.

82
 POST-LISTENING ACTIVITY

1. WORD SEARCH: Look in your dictionary to find collocates, other

meanings, information, and synonyms for the words 'guilty' and
'corruption'.

2. ARTICLE QUESTIONS: Look back at the article and write down some
questions you would like to ask the class about the text.

• Share your questions with other classmates / groups.

• Ask your partner / group your questions.

3. GAP FILL: In pairs / groups, compare and check your answers to this
exercise. After that, check whether your guesses from pre-listening
activity are correct or not.

4. VOCABULARY: Circle any words you do not understand. In groups, pool

unknown words and use dictionaries to find their translations.

5. TEST EACH OTHER: Look at the words below. With your partner, try to
recall how they were used in the text:

o Jail o born
o Found o ran
o Fall o two
o Stop o tens
o help o once
o armed o again

83
MULTIPLE CHOICE. After you fill in the gap from the listening activity above,
answer the following questions!

1. How long must Lula da Silva spend behind bars?

a) 10 years

b) 18 years

c) 12 years

d) 20 years

2. What was Lula da Silva guilty of laundering?

a) money

b) oil

c) washing

d) crypto-currency

3. What union were supporters from who tried to help Lula da Silva?

a) teachers

b) bankers

c) farmers

d) metal workers

4. Who helped Lula da Silva to get through the crowds?

a) his family

b) his bodyguards

c) reporters

d) the police

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5. What did Lula da Silva's surrender help to avoid?

a) a recession

b) bloodshed

c) clashes with armed police

d) another election

6. What was Lula da Silva's financial situation like when he was born?

a) average

b) he was born into poverty

c) his parents were millionaires

d) he inherited a lot of money

7. How many times did Lula run for presidency before he won?

a) seven times

b) once

c) never

d) several times

8. What did Lula da Silva help to resurrect?

a) a republic

b) the economy

c) hope

d) his career

85
9. Who called Lula da Silva the most popular politician on Earth?

a) Barack Obama

b) Donald Trump

c) his wife

d) his party

10. What was Lula da Silva's approval rating when he left office?

a) 82%

b) 85%

c) 88%

d) 83%

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 SPEAKING

Your turn to talk!

Discuss and share your opinion with your classmates about corruption. You can use
the questions below and improvize.

 Is there a lot of corruption in your country?

 What businesses have the most corruption in your country?
 What are some problems with corruption in the political system of your
country?
 Do you think corruption will always be a part of business and politics?
 What recent corruption scandal was in the news?
 Who is the most corrupt politician or businessperson you know of?
 What is the best way to fight corruption in business and politics?
 Is corruption ever justified?
 Can a corrupt organization ever be more efficient than a less corrupt
organization if they are about the same size and in the same industry?
 If you were in a position of power, do you think you would be corrupt?

87
 READING
PRE-READING ACTIVITY

Take a look at the picture and the text below! What can you infer about the old
man?

INFERENCE

When we use inference in reading, we’re “reading between the lines.” We’re
drawing conclusions from the information in a reading passage when the
information being offered is not explicitly stated. This is often the case in fiction.
The author shows a character crying, for instance, and we know what that means.
The author does not have to state: Tess was sad. Nonfiction reading often requires

88
inferences, as well. Ideas are presented and arguments are made, but it is up to us
to draw conclusions from those ideas and arguments.

Making inferences while reading results from a process, one that we, as adults, may
not even be aware of. It starts with a simple reading of the text during which we
look for all the specific details that the author has provided. Once the details are
gathered, they can be assessed to see what understanding they offer us.

INFERENCE QUESTIONS

The Inference Question asks you to answer the question by making a conclusion
from a specific statement contained in the reading. Inference questions usually use
the words implied, inferred, likely or maybe. The answer to this question is
implicit in the reading, and all you have to do is draw conclusions from the
information.

The questions used in Inference Questions such as:

● It is implied in the passage that…

● It can be inferred from the passage that…
● It is most likely that…
● What probably happened...?
● It can be determined that....

Strategies to answer Inference Questions:

● Choose a keyword and question.

● Observe readings that contain related keywords or statements.
● Read the sentences containing keywords carefully.
● Find an appropriate answer based on the information contained in the
reading.
● You can also do skimming, which is reading quickly which is limited by the
reading context. You must be able to deduce the context of the reading and
look for the section that leads to the information asked in the problem even
though the mention of the information is still general (not yet concluded).

89
EXAMPLE 1:

London grew up beside the Thames, being founded at a point where the river could
be forded or crossed, Julius Caesar, hoping to conquer Britain, crossed the Thames
in 54 B.C., and Danish pirates often entered the river in later centuries. However,
when times grew more peaceful, the Thames became a London thoroughfare. State
barges carried kings and queens to and from Greenwich Palace and Westminster
Palace. Prisoners were also taken in boats in Traitor’s Gate in the Tower of London.

● It is implied in the passage that if London grew up beside Thames and the
Thames became a London thoroughfare, then the Thames is in ...

a. Ireland

b. America

c. England

d. Germany

The question asks about the country where the Thames are located. In the question
there are two instructions taken from the above reading, namely London grew up
beside the Thames and the Thames became a London thoroughfare. The purpose of
the two information is that London is next to Thames and Thames becomes a road
to London.

Therefore, automatically the conclusion made is that Thames is also in England,

although the reading does not directly mention that Thames is in England.So the
right answer is C. England.

EXAMPLE 2:

There was once a small boy named Zack Jamelson, who lived in the village of
Jamaville, in the state of Georgina. Young Jamelson was judged by some of the
villagers to be a little foolish, but he was as clever as any other boy. His friend,

90
George Johnson, liked him very much. In fact, George judged Zack as the most
sensible friend he had ever met.

1) It is implied in the passage that if Jamelson was judged by some of villagers to

be a little foolish, then it means...

a. He was really foolish boy

b. He was very smart boy

c. He was a good friend

d. Other villagers didn’t judge him as a little foolish

The question mentioned that some residents considered Jamelson a fool. The word
"some" of course means "not everyone". That way, we can conclude that only a few
people consider Jamelson a fool, while other residents don't think of it that way.

That way, the right answer is D. Other villagers didn't judge him as a little foolish.

2) It can be inferred from the passage that if George Johnson like him very much
and in fact, George judged Zack as the most sensible friend he had ever met, then
it means...

a. They were best friend

b. They did not like each other

c. They were hostile

d. They were brothers

From that question, we know that George Johnson really likes him (Zack Jamelson)
and regards Zack as the most understanding friend he has ever had. This is a
personal advantage Zack recognized by George. Such an opinion would certainly

91
be obtained if the two of them were close friends. So, the right answer is A. They
were best friend.

MORE EXAMPLES

Watch the video on the link below for more examples:

Link: https://www.youtube.com/embed/g2G-MaIxjBI?feature=oembed

LET'S PRACTICE!

Text 1

Jane Austen was the youngest child of a family of seven, brought up in a Hampshire
parsonage. They were a happy and intelligent family, well-educated, open-hearted
and affectionately interested in each other’s affair. All five boys married, had active
careers and produced thirty-four children between them. The two daughters,

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Cassandra and Jane, never married but they were affectionate sisters and aunts and
fully occupied with the interest of their family.

1. From the passage, it can be inferred if Jane Austen was the youngest child of a
family of seven, it means that...

a. She has seven kids

b. She has seven brothers

c. She is the seventh kid

d. She loved number seven

2. All five boys married, had active careers and produced thirty-four children
between them. From the statement, it can be implied that...

a. There are 170 children

b. Every boy has 34 children

c. Every boy has 3 or 4 children

d. Every boy has six or seven children

3. From the passage The two daughters, Cassandra and Jane, never married. It can
be inferred that...

a. They had many kids

b. They were always together

c. They were loyal sisters

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d. They did not have children

Text 2

Does anybody know anything about Brazil? Yes, the football team is one of the best
in the world. It has great players like Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, and Adriano. Now let
me tell you more about Brazil. You know, Brazil is the largest country in South
America. It is also the fifth largest country in the world. Does anybody know where
Brazil is? Yes, it is located in the eastern part of South America. Now, what about
the people? They are friendly, outgoing, and they also like to have fun. They are
fun-loving people. Well, if you have heard about Samba, then you must know that
the Samba dance is from Brazil. The people love to sing and dance the Samba. They
also love to sunbathe to make their skin darker.

1. It can be inferred from the passage “It has great players like Ronaldo,
Ronaldinho, and Adriano”, that they are...

a. Brothers

b. Brazilians

c. Neighbors

d. Living together

2. From the sentence “Brazil is the largest country in South America”, it can be
implied that...

a. Brazil is America

b. Brazil is not in American continent

c. Brazil is American colony

d. Brazil is in American continent

94
3. From the sentence “they also love to sunbathe”, it is implied that...

a. Brazil has beaches

b. Brazil is tropic

c. Brazil is cold

d. Brazil has much water

READING EXERCISES

Instruction:

Read the passages below and answer the following questions!

Passage 1

One of the most effective justice sector institutions in Indonesia is the

Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), established in December 2002. The
KPK demonstrates what can be achieved when the different functions of
investigation and prosecution are coordinated. Moreover, it works with a
specialized anti-corruption chamber are dominated by a majority of ad hoc judges
whose reputation for honesty is well known.

However, in December 2006, the Constitutional Court struck down the law
creating the anti-corruption court on the grounds that it was not created as part of
The Law on the Courts. The Constitutional Court gave parliament three years to
amend the law and properly constitute the anti-corruption Court under The Law on
the Courts, but allowed the anti- corruption courts to continue to function in the
meantime. The parliament set itself a deadline of March 2009 to pass the new law.
This was the extended to September many legislators have been arrested by the

95
KPK and convicted in the anti- corruption court, leading some to question if the
parliament lacks motivation to pass this law.

The KPK constituently gets convictions in corruption cases, showing what can
be done with clean courts, professional investigation, and effective persecutors. But
this kind of successful cooperation is certainly an exception. Their consistent
convictions raise the bar for the police, the attorney general`s office and the
courts. Indonesia needs coordinated bold leadership if it is to get out of the
corruption quagmire. Better coordination between police and prosecutors is
essential. They should have both the technology and the legal means to obtain wire
taps and recordings the way the KPK does to obtain convictions in corruption cases.

1. The idiom “raise the bar” in paragraph 3 has the same meaning with ...
a. Set the higher standard
b. Add the list duties
c. Provide new objectives
d. Hive more responsibility

2. The word “This“ in paragraph 2 refers to ...

a. The process of constituting the new anticorruption law
b. The deadline the parliament set to pass the new law
c. The permission to keep on functioning the anticorruption courts
d. The arresting of some legislators

3. KPK is regarded as one of the most effective justice sector institutions in

Indonesia mainly because ...
a. It allows the anti-corruption courts to continue to function
b. It dominates the courts and the chambers in the supreme Court
c. It together with the legislators amends and constitutes a proper anti-
corruption law

96
 d. It coordinates the different functions of investigation and persecution

4. The word “bold“ in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by ...

a. Strong
b. Honest
c. Brave
d. Hard

5. The paragraph following the passage likely discusses about ...

a. The legal means needed by the police and prosecutors
b. The use of technology in supporting KPK`s actions
c. The consistency of KPK. In eliminating corruption
d. The example of coordination between the police and prosecutors

6. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

a. The extended time given to pass the anticorruption law
b. The deadline to pass the new anti-corruption law
c. The parliament lacks of motivation in passing the law
d. The amendment and formation of anticorruption law

7. According to the passage, what is NOT the element needed to create a clean
government?
a. Bond and honest leadership
b. Reliable and professional ad hoc judges on courts
c. The amendment of Constitutional Court
d. None

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Passage 2

The fight against corruption has intensified with the setting up of

Transparency International (TI) and its chapters in many countries across the world.
A non-governmental organization based in Berlin, transparency International was
founded in 1993 by a group of individuals who had become increasingly aware of
the devastating effects of corruption on human development and its distorting effect
on trade and investment. The group aims to stamp out corruption.

Corruption deepens poverty by distorting social and economic development

and disrupting the provision of essential public services. It also hurts democracy by
undermining principles of fair play and justice. Instead of' contracts being awarded
on the basis of fair competition relying on price, quality and innovation, they are
awarded as a result of competitive bribery. The consequences are dire. Investors
keep away and trade suffers.

TI defines corruption as the use of public office for private gain. Decisions
are made not for public benefit but for private interests. Costs incurred are high and
prestigious projects are favored over cost-efficient development projects. Access to
basic social and economic rights such as education, medical care, adequate shelter
and clean water are jeopardized. The environment is threatened and human rights
abuse flourishes. When corruption increases, regimes become more secretive, less
tolerant of dissent and more fearful of the loss of power.

TI believes that the stamping out of corruption is not the responsibility of

any one agency but the responsibility of all parties concerned. Every section of
society must pitch in because corruption affects everyone, especially the poor. The
government, non-governmental organizations, members of society as well as the
local and international business communities must work together if corruption is to
be combated at all levels. As a first step, TI ropes in governments to set up chapters
in countries. The function of each national chapter is to seek consensus and bring
about systematic reform at both national and international levels. The media is also

98
brought into the picture as one of the primary aims of each chapter is to raise public
awareness. TI does not believe in broadcasting names or attacking individuals but
on building systems that combat corruption.

TI publishes a quarterly newsletter and an annual Corruption Perception

Index. The index ranks countries from the cleanest to the most corrupt, based on
the perception of the international business community, risk analysts and the
general public. In 1998, some 85 countries participated and Denmark topped the
list as the country seen to have the least level of corruption. In 1999, 99 countries
participated and again Denmark took top spot. Malaysia was ranked 29th and 32nd
respectively over the two years. In response to criticisms that the Corruption
Perception Index had tended to put unfair emphasis on developing countries,
another ranking system was devised. This is the Bribe Payers Index (BPI) which
was introduced in 1999. This survey attempts to gauge the tendency to bribe senior
public officials by major corporations. The survey ranks Sweden as the country
least likely to offer bribes while China occupies the bottom spot at number 19.
Malaysia is ranked 15th.

The Malaysian chapter of Transparency International is known as the Kuala

Lumpur Society for Transparency and Integrity and at present is headed by Tunku
Abdul Aziz. The society believes that any attempt to redress the deteriorating
scenario in Malaysia must be based on a long-term plan. First, the public must be
aware of their constitutional rights and ensure that these rights are not taken away
from them. Then they should assert their right to good governance. To ensure that
there is greater accountability in both the public and private sectors, there is a need
to institute more checks and balances. Information should also not be withheld but
made available to the public so that they will be better informed to make decisions.

To stamp out graft, there are some who believe that the penalties and
consequences that will befall the culprits if found guilty of corruption should be
made known to all. At the same time, a sense of outrage must be developed in
people so that they get angry at corruption because it is about injustice, dishonesty

99
and the impoverishment of many for the benefit of a few. Nurturing such an attitude
can only begin at home. If what makes a person incorruptible are the values he holds
on to -- personal, ethical and religious -- then the home exerts a mighty influence
on inculcating these values in individuals.

Graft must be stamped out. It is insidious and evil and in time to come, will
affect every level of society. It is time for people to stand up and act in a concerted
manner to rid society of this menace. Otherwise there is every possibility that
corruption becomes a way of life undermining justice and fair play and all that is
good in society.

1. What is the best title for this passage ?

a. Helping the Poor

b. Fighting Corruption
c. Corruption
d. Ensuring Basic Human Rights

2. How does corruption deepen poverty ?

a. Cost-efficient development projects are not carried out.

b. Money is channeled away to fund more prestigious projects.
c. The poor are totally ignored.
d. Basic amenities are not provided to the poor.

3. How is the role of Transparency International crucial in the battle against

corruption ?

a. It gets people in different countries to join its organization.

b. It gets governments to agree to set up a branch in their country.
c. It has global support.
d. It declares the finds of a survey showing levels of corruption.

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4. What inference can be drawn if countries are not willing to have a TI chapter
set up in their region ?

a. That their governments are clean and corrupt-free

b. That their governments are corrupt
c. That there is something to hide
d. That the countries are not willing to subject themselves to any laws.

5. One of the most powerful 'tools' that can ensure success in the efforts of TI
is…..

a. the government machinery

b. the mass media
c. the masses
d. the Corruption Perception Index

6. As far as the Malaysian chapter of TI is concerned, the head of the chapter

urges Malaysians to take note of ______ points.

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. four

7. What is the effect of letting the public be aware of the penalties and
consequences if found guilty of corruption ? It instills in everyone……

a. the fear of punishment if caught

b. anger towards the guilty
c. a sense of share if found guilty
d. the complacency to do nothing

101
STRUCTURE AND LANGUAGE FOCUS

ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective, another adverb,
or even a whole sentence. Adverbs often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look
exactly the same as their adjective counterparts.

Take a look at the list of regular and irregular adverbs below!

Examples:

● Tom Longboat did not run badly.

● Tom is very tall.
● The race finished too quickly.

102
Adverbs and Verbs

One of the things adverbs do is modify verbs. This means that they describe the
way an action is happening.

● Phillip sings loudly in the shower.

● My cat waits impatiently for his food.
● I will seriously consider your suggestion.

The adverbs in each of the sentences above answer the question “in what manner?
How does Phillip sing?” Loudly. “How does my cat wait?” Impatiently. “How will
I consider your suggestion?” Seriously. Adverbs can answer other types of
questions about how an action was performed. They can also tell you “when” and
“where”.

However, there is one type of verb that doesn’t mix well with adverbs. Linking
verbs, such as feel, smell, sound, seem, and appear, typically need adjectives, not
adverbs. A very common example of this type of mixup is:

● I feel badly about what happened.

Because “feel” is a verb, it seems to call for an adverb rather than an adjective. But
“feel” isn’t just any verb; it’s a linking verb. An adverb would describe how you
perform the action of feeling—an adjective describes what you feel. “I feel badly”
means that you are bad at feeling things. If you’re trying to read Braille through
thick leather gloves, then it might make sense for you to say “I feel badly.” But if
you’re trying to say that you are experiencing negative emotions, “I feel bad” is
the correct phrase.

103
Adverbs and Adjectives

Adverbs can also modify adjectives and other adverbs. Often, the purpose of the
adverb is to add a degree of intensity to the adjective.

● The woman is quite pretty.

● This book is more interesting than the last one.
● The weather report is almost always right.

The adverb almost is modifying the adverb always, and they’re both modifying
right.

● “Is my singing too loud?” asked Phillip.

● My cat is incredibly happy to have his dinner.
● We will be slightly late to the meeting.
● This bridesmaid dress is a very unflattering shade of puce.

Adverbs and Other Adverbs

You can use an adverb to describe another adverb. In fact, if you wanted to, you
could use several.

● Phillip sings rather enormously too loudly.

The problem is that it often produces weak and clunky sentences like the one
above, so be careful not to overdo it.

Adverbs and Sentences

Some adverbs can modify entire sentences—unsurprisingly, these are called

sentence adverbs. Common ones include generally, fortunately, interestingly, and

104
accordingly. Sentence adverbs don’t describe one particular thing in the sentence—
instead, they describe a general feeling about all of the information in the sentence.

● Fortunately, we got there in time.

● Interestingly, no one at the auction seemed interested in bidding on the
antique spoon collection.

At one time, the use of the word hopefully as a sentence adverb (e.g., Hopefully,
I’ll get this job) was condemned. People continued to use it though, and many
style guides and dictionaries now accept it. There are still plenty of readers out
there who hate it though, so it’s a good idea to avoid using it in formal writing.

LET'S PRACTICE!

1. Please, shut the door (quiet / quietly).

2. Can you be (quiet / quietly), please?
3. This soup tastes (nice / nicely).
4. Tom cooks very (good / well).
5. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look (safe / safely).
6. We were relieved that he arrived (safe / safely) after his long journey.
7. Do you feel (nervous / nervously) before examination?
8. Hurry up! You’re always so (slow / slowly).
9. He looked at me (angry / angrily) when I interrupted him.
10. The students are not allowed to come (late/lately).

105
 References

Banville, S. (n.d.). Former Brazilian President in Jail. Retrieved August 24, 2020,
from https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2003/200304-covid-19.html

Biber, Douglas. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow,

England: Longman, 1999.

Grammarly. (n.d). Adverbs. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/adverb/

Kispal, Anne. Effective Teaching of Inference Skills for Reading: Literature

Review. 2008.

Phillips, Deborah. Longman Complete Course for the Toefl Test: Preparation for
the Computer and Paper Test. White Plains, N.Y: Longman, 2001.

Reading Vine. (n.d). What is Inference in Reading?. Retrieved August 4, 2020,

from https://resources.readingvine.com/what-is-inference-in-reading/

Reading Comprehension. (n.d). Comprehension. Retrieved August 17, 2020, from

http://www.englishdaily626.com/comprehension.php?052

106
 UNIT 6 AGRICULTURE

Work with a partner or in small groups. Discuss the questions below.

1. What do Indonesian farmers grow?

2. How many times a year do they harvest their crops?
3. Do you want to grow crops? Why/ Why not?

I think I dont want to grow because....

I think I love to grow ......

107
LISTENING I
A. Pre-Listening

Gourmet Cooking
1. What kinds of food do you like to eat and make?
2. What things (ingredients) do you need to prepare these foods?

IDIOMS

“can’t stomach something” = to dislike or hate something

“i can’t stomach his cooking. Every time i eat his soup, i get sick.”

“eat like a horse” = to eat a lot

“my brother eats like a horse. He can eat 10 cheeseburgers in 15 minutes.”

B. Listening (https://www.esl-lab.com/quizzes/gourmetcooking-cloze.htm)

Listen to the recording and fill in all the missing words below

Woman : Hi Sweetie. Welcome home. We're ready to [?].

Man : Well, there's something I . . .

Woman : We have salmon and your favorite [?].

Man : Oh, yeah. That sounds . . . great.

Woman : Um, what's . . . what's the deal? I worked really [?]. Look,
Look. For dessert, I made apple pie.
Man : Well . . . under most circumstances . . .
Woman : Hon. What's? You . . . I've never made a pie before. It took me

like [?] hours.

Man : Well, to be honest . . .
Woman : What's wrong? [ Man laughing. ] Don't you like my cooking?
Man : No, no, no.

Woman : I worked [?] hard!

108
Man : I know, I know, I know, but to be honest, I just had a

hamburger, [?], and a chocolate shake.

Woman : Why? WHY?
Man : I'm sorry. I didn't know.

Woman : I told you this morning I was making something [?]. Didn't
you listen?
Man : I'm sorry, I forgot. I mean . . . Wait . . .
Woman : Serious.
Man : Yeah, wait. Wait, wait. What are you doing? Why are you putting

the food in my [?]?

Woman : So you can enjoy it as you [?] to work tomorrow.

Man : Oh, no. I'm sorry!

C. Post-Listening

Describe an unusual food that people eat in your country, but people might not eat
it in other places.

READING I
A. Pre-Reading
1. Can you cook?
2. What food do yo like to cook?
3. Who taught you cooking?

109
B. Reading

Reading 1

Read the text first, choose the following statements True or False!

1. Tom does one thing that teenagers don't normally do.

a. True
b. False
2. Tom is the only person who eats the food he cooks.
a. True
b. False
3. Tom's mum was happier when he didn't cook.
a. True

110
 b. False
4. Tom's mum thinks learning to cook is good for teenagers.
a. True
b. False
5. Tom learned some recipes from his grandmother.
a. True
b. False
6. Tom's vegetable soup was not good.
a. True
b. False
7. Tom says he is a good cook.
a. True
b. False
8. Tom's friends like cooking now too.
a. True
b. False

READING 2
Activity 1.

1. What is your favourite traditional food?

2. Where is it from?
3. What food that reminds you when you were a kid?

Activity 2:

111
 Ketupat Colet Patlau
Bingke Berendam

Kerupuk Basah Sotong Pangkong

Match food names with their origins

No Origin Picture

1 Pontianak

2 Putussibau

3 Ketapang

4 Pontianak

5 Mempawah

112
C. Post-Reading

Instruction:

Read the the passage about one of typical foods in West Kalimantan.

113
 Activity 3. Find command verb that show how to cook the food.

114
 Example: Roast,....

Activity 4. Video making. Find your favourite food and show it to your friends
how to cook it. Make sure to use command verb to show instruction. Use
sequence adverb.

LISTENING II
A. Pre-Listening
1. Say the words in the groups (A and B) out loud. Which sound can you hear in
all of the words in each group? / ɒ / əʊ /
A frog forest cost want
B global don’t known won’t

2. Work in pairs. Write a word from Exercise 1 in the gaps to complete the
sentences.
1. We___________ have a rainy season in my country. It’s much too dry.
2. Most people in my country____________ to stop climate change but they
don’t know now.
3. I often go walking in the____________ near where I live.
4. People have________ about climate for a long time but they haven’t done
much about it.
5. If we want to stop climate change, it will__________ a lot of money.

115
3. Work in pairs. Decide if sentences 1-3 in Exercise 2 are true or false for you.
Say the sentences aloud before you discuss them.

4. You are going to listen to a news report. Before you do, look at the photograph.
Which animal do you think it shows? Have you ever seen one before?

5. Read some information about The Western Ghats rainforest below.

Summarize the information into three key points.

The Western Ghats is s tropical located in the west of India. The

rainforest has a short dry period each year but typically gets a lot of rain
during the rainy season. However, the type of weather in the forest is
(a)
changing quickly and global warming means that nowadays less rain
(b)
falls. This is changing the forest itself, damaging the environment and
stopping growth.

The rainforest in home to (c) wildlife of many different kinds and new
(d)
species are still being found. However, the damage to the rainforest mean
that some wildlife is (e) disappearing, killed by the changes in climate.

6. Compare your key points with your partners. Did you choose the same points?

116
7. In the listening, you will hear the underlined words from the text in Exercise 2.
Match the underline words (a-e) to the definitions (1-5). Use dictionary to help
you.
1. animals, birds and plants living in the natural environment
2. air around the word becoming warmer because of population
3. to stop existing in the world
4. harming or causing a problem for a person or thing
5. groups of plants or animals with similar characteristics

Predicting ideas from research

Before we listen to lecturers, reports or information about a topic, we often

have time to prepare. It helps to read some information in advance because
you can learn about the key topic information and issues that people think are
important. You can then predict the main ideas that you will hear.

8. Read the paragraph in Exercise 2 again. Tick the things on the list below that
you think you will hear when you listen to report.
1. city names
2. information about the weather in the rainforest
3. facts about wildlife
4. the typical day of a scientist
5. information about effects of climate change

B. Listening

9. Listen and check.

10. Listen again and choose the correct ending (a or b) for the sentences.
1. Trees help prevent global warming because they
a. Absorb carbon dioxide
b. Stop rainfall

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 2. Scientists believe
a. 45% of the forest will change.
b. 80% of the forest will change.
3. The purple frog was discovered
a. In 2003
b. In 2009
4. The problems are caused by
a. Climate change
b. Other animals
5. The scientist believe
a. The frogs have disappeared
b. The frogs will disappear

11. Work in pairs. Look at the photographs. What types of problems connected to
climate change can you see?

12. Think about the wildlife and how climate change has affected it. Make notes of
your ideas.

13. Present your ideas to the class.

C. POST-LISTENING

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14. Listen the audio and answer the question below based on the presenters
(https://eslvideo.com/quiz.php?id=34210)?
1. What type of animals can you see in Madagascar?
a. Tigers
b. Lemurs
c. Bears
2. How do lemurs live?
a. Alone
b. With partners
c. In groups
3. What animals can you see in the African rainforest?
a. Elephants
b. Golden cats
c. Both A and B
4. There are gorillas and chimpanzees in the African rainforest.
a. True
b. False
c. They didn't say
5. What type of parrot can you find in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
a. Gray Parrot
b. Ecuador Amazon Parrot
c. Rainbow Parrot
6. What kind of monkeys are there in the Ecuadorian rainforest?
a. Capuchin
b. Baboon
c. Mandril

READING II

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A. Pre-Reading
1. Work with a partner. Look at the photographs and discuss the question below.
1. What are the animals in the photographs?
2. Do you have them in your country?
3. Which animal is more successful in Britain?
4. Why do you think this is?

B. Reading

2. Skim the article below and find three reasons why the red squirrel is losing
the battle for survival?
3. Read the article and answer the questions.
1. How many red squirrels are left in the UK?
2. Which squirrel is larger?
3. What are the four reasons given for the success of the grey squirrel in the
UK?

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4. Read the summary below and circle the correct words to complete it.

121
5. Look again at the article “Losing the Battle for Survival” and try to answer
the questions below.
1. Why do you think grey squirrels are regarded as a pest?
2. Who do you think are the “smaller cousins” mentioned the paragraph two?
3. Why might some British politicians be in favor of saving the red squirrel?
4. Why do you think there are no grey squirrels on Anglesey and the Isle of
Wight?

C. Post-Reading
6. Work with a partner. Discuss the question below.
1. Should we save British red squirrels?
a. By killing grey squirrels?
b. By planting more trees?
c. By trying to protect them from disease?
2. Is trying to save British red squirrels a waste of time and money?
3. Are introduced animal species a problem in your country?

122
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