influence of biogenic gas production on

coalbed methane recovery index☆,

Author links open overlay panelHongyuGuoabChaoyongFuaYangBaiaJunqiangMacXianboSuab

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Abstract
In investigating the effect of biogenic gas production on the recovery of
coalbed methane (CBM), coal samples spanning different ranks were applied
in the microbial-functioned simulation experiments for biogenic methane
production. Based on the biogenic methane yield, testing of pore structures,
and the isothermal adsorption data of coals used before and after the
simulation experiments, several key parameters related to the recovery of
CBM, including recovery rate, gas saturation and ratio of critical desorption
pressure to reservoir pressure, etc., were calculated and the corresponding
variations were further analyzed. The results show that one of the significant
functions of microbial communities on coal is possibly to weaken its affinity for
methane gas, especially with the advance of coal ranks; and that by
enhancing the pore system of coal, which can be evidenced by the increase of
porosity and permeability, the samples collected from Qianqiu (Yima in
Henan) and Shaqu (Liulin in Shanxi) coal mines all see a notable increase in
the critical desorption pressure, gas saturation and recovery rate, as
compared to the moderate changes of that of Guandi (Xishan in Shanxi) coal
sample. It is concluded that the significance of enhanced biogenic gas is not
only in the increase of CBM resources and the improvement of CBM
recoverability, but in serving as an engineering reference for domestic coalbed
biogenic gas production.

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Keywords
Coalbed methane (CBM)

Biogenic gas production

Recovery index

Resource condition

Isothermal adsorption

Pore structure

Recovery ratio

Gas saturation

Ratio of critical desorption pressure to reservoir pressure

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☆

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (No.: 41472129, 41472127, 41502158), Key S&T Research Project of coal in Shanxi in
2014 (No. MQ2014-01), Shanxi coalbed methane joint research funds project (No. 2013012004)
and Henan S&T Research Project (No. 132102210253).
Peer review under responsibility of Sichuan Petroleum Administration.

View Abstract

© 2017 Sichuan Petroleum Administration. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

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Date:
February 18, 2021
Source:
Cell Press
Summary:
Dreams take us to what feels like a different reality. They also happen while we're fast
asleep. So, you might not expect that a person in the midst of a vivid dream would be able to
perceive questions and provide answers to them. But a new study shows that, in fact, they
can.

    
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Dreams take us to what feels like a different reality. They also happen while
we're fast asleep. So, you might not expect that a person in the midst of a
vivid dream would be able to perceive questions and provide answers to
them. But a new study reported in the journal Current Biology on February 18
shows that, in fact, they can.

"We found that individuals in REM sleep can interact with an experimenter and engage in real-time
communication," said senior author Ken Paller of Northwestern University. "We also showed that
dreamers are capable of comprehending questions, engaging in working-memory operations, and
producing answers.
"Most people might predict that this would not be possible -- that people would either wake up when
asked a question or fail to answer, and certainly not comprehend a question without misconstruing
it."
While dreams are a common experience, scientists still haven't adequately explained them. Relying
on a person's recounting of dreams is also fraught with distortions and forgotten details. So, Paller
and colleagues decided to attempt communication with people during lucid dreams.
"Our experimental goal is akin to finding a way to talk with an astronaut who is on another world, but
in this case the world is entirely fabricated on the basis of memories stored in the brain," the
researchers write. They realized finding a means to communicate could open the door in future
investigations to learn more about dreams, memory, and how memory storage depends on sleep,
the researchers say.
The researchers studied 36 people who aimed to have a lucid dream, in which a person is aware
they're dreaming. The paper is unusual in that it includes four independently conducted experiments
using different approaches to achieve a similar goal. In addition to the group at Northwestern
University in the U.S., one group conducted studies at Sorbonne University in France, one at
Osnabruck University in Germany, and one at Radboud University Medical Center in the
Netherlands.
"We put the results together because we felt that the combination of results from four different labs
using different approaches most convincingly attests to the reality of this phenomenon of two-way
communication," said Karen Konkoly, a PhD student at Northwestern University and first author of
the paper. "In this way, we see that different means can be used to communicate."
One of the individuals who readily succeeded with two-way communication had narcolepsy and
frequent lucid dreams. Among the others, some had lots of experience in lucid dreaming and others
did not. Overall, the researchers found that it was possible for people while dreaming to follow
instructions, do simple math, answer yes-or-no questions, or tell the difference between different
sensory stimuli. They could respond using eye movements or by contracting facial muscles. The
researchers refer to it as "interactive dreaming."
Konkoly says that future studies of dreaming could use these same methods to assess cognitive
abilities during dreams versus wake. They also could help verify the accuracy of post-awakening
dream reports. Outside of the laboratory, the methods could be used to help people in various ways,
such as solving problems during sleep or offering nightmare sufferers novel ways to cope. Follow-up
experiments run by members of the four research teams aim to learn more about connections
between sleep and memory processing, and about how dreams may shed light on this memory
processing.

Story Source:
Materials provided by Cell Press. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference:
1. Konkoly et al. Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM
sleep. Current Biology, 2021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.026

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Cell Press. "Real-time dialogue with a dreaming person is possible." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18
February 2021. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210218114018.htm>.