Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Most professional journals require papers to be submitted in conformity with the APA
(American Psychological Association) style guide. While some may differ slightly in minor
areas, the APA style is the accepted format for publication. Here are some writing tips for
APA-style research papers.
Abstract
The abstract of any scientific paper is designed to reveal what research was performed
and to give a very brief summary of the results obtained. According to the APA Style Guide,
the abstract of a research paper is to be around 120 words and include approximately one
sentence for each of the sections of the paper.
The abstract should include a basic description of the work being reported.
Introduction
The introduction is much more extensive in scope. It includes a comprehensive review of
the literature concerning the topic of research and attempts to convey what is known
about the topic of interest.
The introduction also explains, as descriptively and accurately as possible, the basics of
the topic of interest and of what will be done to investigate it further. A short discussion of
the proposed research in light of what is currently known is undertaken.
An example of a chemical or physical experiment would include all the equipment used in
the experiment. All hardware used is listed by name, model number and manufacturer.
There should be enough detail included that any other researcher could replicate the
results of the reported research without severe difficulty.
Results
Analysis of the data is conducted in the results section. This section evaluates the data and
compares it to previous results.
A comparison is also made with results obtained using other methods of measurements.
Discussion Conclusions
The discussion section clearly states whether the hypothesis was supported or not
supported by the experiments.
Based on the results, comments are made as to the importance of these studies.
References
The references used in the paper are to be written in the format specified by the APA style
guide. There are specific formats defined for books, articles and online sources.
Ensure that you use the correct citation for sources. List the references alphabetically
according to the citation.
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