FINANCAL HNALYSIS

Nov Asse Management Rabios

Kitha acha kist_agset ko chala ske hen
manaae ky gkt hen
Lanq m asselh/ixed.Shvt term assely /cut
hum kese idelify kren e k hmave
Oselk ache perom ky re hen a ni7 Coapal
s se kna hai 2
pYodudisn Sles.(Tuyn ovea
ASse use ma krna is mot qoud maha9

me Assela
We_ue tha Ym c P a
wYkMg in
Ound Smpamymakes pYot and p
tu bepodd to the Shosehdders
SH e im LeresTed k a ss eb s e iha

Produce2 hua OYSale

C pase asseh w7th goles
Fixed Asset oveY
(Turnover)
Sales n come stalment se
Fixed Assel .S se tski vaemie gi
gCvedl{sales ave mdu ded n Jurnovel

2 oD billian
e 2times
O0 billin

Inte pretatum hmaye aseh ne S a l me

opr 9eema se deuble humein valu
enelaluL kr k di.

Compehtovs kyo Value qentAalë kY e

b dekhnoa hai
dekhen
lmdusy ki avevag b dekhen
50 (onpeuieshen ndusy me
s ki ralo dekhi aveyo
ragat ukali

ndus a a is OY apki (This

not good son. Indushy unhi cSely se
3 imey 2ada2enela kr Yi hum
 2

2 times. beknitel,itmeans e Ove nt

maunom oUY asse effeienty
Yo fou hmare plant kieeney Ke
pY6elem ho ye rodu chm pYocesSes
labay Ka Isu hau

2
Totas Asse 1umover:

Sales
ToTal Asselb

isk vodu kam hog pehle se K

denominado ncYease ho 4H(Ca.ent asels
bdd ho 2ad
b b turnover k bat ho qi,youl have

Scdes in your Yaluo

YeuYn ki mntE hogi (oNet n come

3 Return on Assets
rom Ineome Net Income Nek Income
Staume
Total Assels Fixed Dses
Ioo Avab
O ab

ap ne apne asscb Ko
Intexnratahion
iha Use kiya h k wo 10, Aecove
ho t e h e n
Paback_petiod: prokt shakal me
puse h
pese invesbmen)
Aar ha Sal o a Ya hoi to 0 a
m e pese
Itleoks
Pule
bad
hom
in
* geo bed
awc that our
ausseb ave Yecovering un lo yeaYs
Indusry Avevage is: 8
ndusty ko 1) Saal aen e a apko
. 1s his&ab se
acha ha
There Ce ceytain projed which are
HeYm in me aSselh Ko Yepleca mosC
kYna ki mf paula. C 01l oY Gas eyplavation
businessho ek dha kaun se

mikau Ca oo boar munumg i

(ruial Cost shse 2yada hau bad me

bs YeCove bUSiness 1Sne 0 Soa me

Yecove Krli Y w o 100 S a chIta Yahe

C Then is avek aod gure
That's why ,uwe need to usethese mumbers
with subie tive evaluaions We camnol simply
Say k 10 Saa oo boht anube hen busmesS
kt he b dekheen
Business 2 Soalme Khtm hoana Y
e hen tuu
ap k4Sarl me pese pure ho
Oap 2 Sal kbad ka ken a
milliom 10 ccc
oo0mlism billiom
( lliom KO CYOYe
bnay hua
CYOYe use u hota

billim im

25/ Pot fo l YeorS S m o

buul 0/ pre NDO YeaS qovd

 4

1O Nov

qross ProRt Margin

ncome Stalemen
Sales-CGS Sross Prort

Maugun me hmesha Net Income hume ralou

qross Profit
Sales
genelallyqvoss prot masgun zyada hóta
ha ne income maugn kan hota . k
GPme se admnselling expenses qheue
minushote hen.
e q 30.hai ,b hum pvoht abiliy
khl G-Se ni dekh skle k ep-hone)
inane Cos- hona ta hma
b hum ne 1Sme se epen ses dedu
kane hen tou hum GPmaugo calcudald a/
k he hen? whatk ts Sianjicant2
CGS acup K Cnol me thi (pyoduckim
Sales a k Coauol me e 2 p kehtay
hen k hmara G madqn hmale Campehts
Se acha ha bu Net InCsme mougun COmpettrs
Se acha i bai. k hmare Pas dek ki
iodbitl Zada ha
Hum dekhle hen k OpeYahiomally kya
m apne competits Se ache hen a ni2
hum-
Is ko check kne k AeGmaigin dekha
iata ha q k apka Compehtoys b _wch
chee bna raba hou urhi impus k Sath .
Sellimq ep. ya fay ki Diabiliyka produdun
se velaluen uhai. Debts ka b ni.
p epansionk phase me hen
 Cp neloan Ciya hua hai, iSk epomen
b kynihai o tevestbb po kYna hai tov
apki nance (ost 24eda ho,Ca Ckity ka
Unit aP k mugabe me chotox hai Y uski
Ffnaunte cost kamhou tou end pe shaed
uska deH kam hone wja Se incam
24ada hau but apki in come kam hou
n Yon me ib dekhle hen tod dekkT
hen k Uski E.Ckam mi hon bc wo
alye ad minimum leve_pe kan kr Tha hai
bu comingYecrs me hum apha uclha
wopis ky chuke hon ae ya hmauSales
mcvecse ho aaqi ho 2L tou eventUally
heeche Wale acks (qP k bad wale),k
bad me coveY kYSkle hen hmaua
mugoubla Unse net lncme ka mal bnla
k hum qrouth phese me hen (loan yahai).
hot k0
Ahmea Compehbon unse Ye
operotiams ko
humn apni pYoducham k
mi achi torah chala hahe her (CG5 ko tha
Cmol Kka
Thot'swhy we vse hissalio
Cimbe tsY Se CSpoe Kyna

Indush Avea
Gyoss rofrt jitna 2ada hoga,ufna

acha should be Sustaimable

Operaing Prost Margin:

GP adn Selling ep. opevobrng
PYohE

OpevabingProft
Sale
Opevatingproft kisacto ko check
kne k iye acha indicoly ha
Stapiicane i
Opevaions. konsi COmpany kitri
marPover oy kis teyah aphe tools ko
Use ky huyeKam eLpense me 2ada
naqekr
kYah hai
S
e- A companys Gp mengin is

Aka h 6P epevaling pYsht

me C6hver
hotc toy l3°/.
D
B Ka 12
27 ka diffeven ce 3 B
i t w i tell yo k kiski manpoweY

ovchi hcd or kiski buri,

-ye b ho skla hai, wheve peeple ove
pald less.
poud mve, n d uohere they anYe
-OveLonmplsmevl oY Unde venplaymo
kahaan pe bonda zuada opexoaions
Ko dekh v a h Kahan am.
a phiy ap k2as Systems ftne deeloped
hen, k manpowey zYUYal kam hou
- Privale sed univeYsiies conveted to
digitalmethod CHCBféxomple)Nos. em
Drawback sohtudeves e Unemploymenl hoi
Opevahiomswhich are mo divecHy velaled
with poduclum, Soles managemen,HR
Msealh deveopmek octivhies efc, theey
effet hevoti_pYo maYgn
 also caLled
ertees E6I|)

O.P nance Cost

t othev opeYatng Ih com Sauning bejove bu
-epense (6ther

aYe m0t in ouY contyolbu Hov

have CLaood kax advisor he Can help
*laxplonninq 1S moa crime ta
17:40
eNasi 1SO tYime
Planninq 3 tax kan kr 3kle haAqr
Oap Same saleskr k kam tax p a k r rahe
hen toU means K uour team is 0oYking
Cood

Stnd pe oKuch bahe ga WO hmaro

Net Prot Mavgun hoaa

Net roft Margin = Net Income

Sales
OcenauO
EK Companyme aYoss Dproft maY in2
Nef proE margirn 51 Kua hua hoaa

Genea GP maign 24ada hota bai

OY NPmalgtun kam bez P me se aaD
me frthe epenSES kYne hen

Hmance cost DLNsee

Hua Ye heY opeYanq me ltni 2aca

hwyi had epenses bad net ncme
ok arossprot Se kam hona chahite
th ak, wo 2 eda
 8

Keturn on Investment(ROI)

Retuyn mCOYme
hvestment Wo pesa jo knro bor me lqaua hUa
Shavehsldersha Pesa Coptal
ayobar me company ka Konsa 2e hua

Squl IS iqerCohcept. CoPtais

wO SaYa pego jO h ua hau

1Copitad
KDseAve SH Ka pe se hai Csmpan4
peshou
Share PYemium Ac
UnapprepYialel h
Loan omhe diye tuYs (aqr y hua)

is k lawca pesa b hosich s

Lona le m abilihes

Diference lw Renelal esezve unapproprialud

pichle Salon ka jitnab unapproprialed

paeit hota hauu us@y veseves kehlay Y
CAlurt Yec ka o be.cha hua eu wo uhapp
poat mext eeY wo b reseve kehlcuye q
KeseyNes Se SH ko clividend dele hen but
aqr pesa laana ho to dividend ni b diua jata

Investment Lona lerm liabilikes têqu

 ROI Net Income
onqterm liabilitEau

PUre Soal me hum e kahan se kitha

Income
eSa ya or bachat kya huyí? Bachat Net
Ittells k ek Saas me hmare pes itha return
aya hai hal is aectoY pYoitabil
Comparison kren: ska
Wrth tn dustry (Copehtsys)
Sconcu0
Lets suppose pka Roi ata hoj 5
Interest Yale bank. apko deaha ha 0/.
Konsi Investment achi bai? Analyze
Hiaher the prot,it is batley
10/, s bettey
propose hat we se| the company
lemq term iabilt qui) sab bank me
na akhwa den?
Compony ne ithi me hnat kne k bad S/
k i OY bank me bs ek lette Fkh
den k e xdeposi krden tou apko lo7,
le qa s that a qood decisim2
We preler business bez i t has mare
Nalume means k business ek Aransacbe
penichaltabulkey valume pe ChlEa ha.
4 saalUska ek volume hai DY business
k cle Lfe innite hai saal tou 0
pe apko benet miahai but whal
abou he next Nansacbans(he Cominq yeas)?
At Ahe same kime bank me pese
ne Se apko si ofice me bethe hye
2 loa dhahiye but tab ap operahons krk
hen busine sS me ou bohalsare
emploiees ko bire krle oY a p k business
 O

ine Se astciated imdustytes o chalne aq

ati he.h
Busineas doesntonlybenett ttse but
alsa Suuppytsthe ossactaled kings MoveveL
businessis fesreve). Bank deposit
is only ea
Rekurn on Equiky (ROE)
2nd Comndn Yuho
t ome Is CuYent Yolliuo

ROE Net lncome

Equi
ROL me Koudbol me opUre pesa laa hue
USkaYeluin dekha tha
Ab udhaar ko side pe krk bs cpne
Pese pe r e n dekhen o humn ne uwapis
kYna wo equ hou
lona tanm liabill ka har month ek
Speciic potio po krle ben wrent porhon
ona term iabilles

KOEi s supPoseed o be qeakec than RoT.

23 NoN

Eaui nalysis.
v moneyand yor a h t to nest
in ceytoO Shares ye those shares qbod o bad
p ou7 hal's where You dothis analysis
Should we imvest in these shaes OY nott2
Evaluahon krnne Se pla chae ge k ye unde
vaued share ha e gshae ki price 4S Se
o0h ou expedt in 3 to months twould
be 45 agounm
RiS a predfchve kind o analsiS
FOr
example,iat any point O im ob shaYe 60

Ka ho quc Nou
JJ
o need do he analysis
hat shouwdYou holdthis shale or sell it Overvalucd
haa ab shcle tou ou should sell t .
konsa shaYe purchasse kna, sell krna, kOms a
shdt term k e purchase kina konsa lmg-teihn
(in Sob k e equ analusis kite lnvestsrs)_

CreditAnalysis
Bank apko assecs krla ha job ap oun
mohane iat lwhelhe shart tetm loan a lsng term)
They want to knso your ltqidi posihm
yow be able to po he loao 2
- Ol
h e o0 In a Condihoh t Da h eloan?
helps ohethey we shauld qie them oan
oY mst

Common-Si2eAnalysis
t Ymeans k ap apn S ko apne sath b
Na kisi oY K Satb (ommon kYna chahle hen.
- Ceopany s mekine millimprt wih
2 míGm nVestment Cm pany B s makine
oill preit on ea S0 billton
which Sne i s qood AcmPa be maHmg me
 12

mone with less mvestment-

pne epi khude rahiona e

K hom Common kayna chah rahe

Curent asseb me dferen hau
acs me hou b bilkms me thats why
POre Ya hum chahle hen C U Y Y e n
een ki pex omance ko st eQYSe CaymPore
n tou eveu Year CSset Labiites me
Variahom ati bcu You are unableto idenb
ko ktna paY a ho.his is whee Yov o
Com m si2e anaysis is t o pe s

1) Verhcal Common Anadysis Size

Y-oais )
Common base ya valu dectde krlenge
J
onalysis
or UsRI bsis pe apni asSessmen or
ko l e k ChJen ge to botom
C Ue ate movind r o m

6Y bottom tD op oY wahan pe 1edoY

deidekrlenge. U S d k agonst
deuee kma shuru krden qe kbmau compan
anoMsiSRis taYah Se ho ra
ka Common She
hai OY me
hori3onmlal b ese h dekhen se
Bota palance Shae
Ue express each ilem n the Bs 0s
Percenlage dal aSseh
eayi 6al Aeses
Hhnare Pas Common chee C
ko CompoYe
Ao is k agoinst hum baai SaYi bls
kl hen
Tota& ASseh ko 00 le len qe. We wll
me
compar e k hmaYa Konsa actor 1S 1007
Kilhe percen bnla bai
 13

o0. bna diua

Total Assels 5 Is ralb

proper plant &equipment 8, 66,811

8,66, 697 100 = 11-75 7.

1S,8,18,369-

0o neSe poPerplant é e q -TS 7,h a

KiohtoUse aSseb 28 aya 51gnihcatackor
kyen
sb Kex calculale k r k fab tota
qe ou thad woud be od

PYevioUS Year dono

Ab ap wYY2nt ey

kiCodculahons Kren qe or phir Com pare Kren qe

i s soaa 28). leoce osseb, aast 4ear heu
O

hmare apne asseb kam ho aaye but lea[e

Rnisbat
asse bohai 2uado kyLiue last tear
Y CwYentYe k folal OSe Ka 28, lecsed
CASsel hen ye nfo bta rahi hai cpko Jo
Op ne CalulA k i
OY Yahan Se cnda2a a Skle hen k meri
moximUm invesIments Kahan pe ati hern
15 Yob me Se l6/, rade debts (onSecuuied
100aon e me ne pese ene
hen wd shl 244da
hen, loast YeaY 0 hau his s an aSset bu
ye wo 0ss et ha Yecovey ho b
point is
skta hou or nahi b ha Skla Rar mere assel
is pal borh re hen or uSme S e 6 bajau
Ogle saal ye 26 ho jala ba o me khush
mi hona Chahue 1S wamine stagh
Gredt soles aYe incYeasinc eople ae nd Poing
YoUY cosh Conversion Ccle 1S inaSing. ApRa Pesa
ga o produchon me b
t k 0apis m e
udaay pe krhi
y e , t m eans. wo apko
 14

Pare a0Y udhaY k cqain st tnlerest pa kma

pOYe ac nleiesIs expens DU CLpkincome
Over the uearkam hoqi ou aSsel ncrease
nona yahon po echi bal ni hou bul ahan
pe humen pto kua Chle ga k heek ho k hmaie
asseh ka l6/. ha bi t shauld mt be 167
Lels Compone twth the compehtoy e
Derviceyo ke Se ompeye kr JolSo
Ahs ls heve Yo ye in a candiion o Compore.
YovYsel other Companies
meComncm s i e k l u e e s t h i n qs

madeimto percenlege. Aar hum Khali valves

le le agedusr compan billioms
rillioos me hol tou CampaYis0h mushkil hota
Income Stolemen ko banalysis ese hi
kien
nome St kr har ttem KoSales Ke
percenaee bna dena hal
BS me TolalaSsehka percenlae
Phir hum ne dekha k Usme se brilion
Cs tha Yoni ek cheez o loo sK sala
usko bnne me hmare 5S Rs loq qoye
4S maqin a qa out is it he proit
No. Xpenses (hon qe
Profit belote taxahom is 13.497
mtlb apko tox Se pehl sif 13 Rs beche
4-S/ ka la poukrdiys o 87becha
MElb k eaY ap Bata me invest kre he to
Do Rs k Sale pe apko Rsbachon a
jo yehi anadusis Kisi OY Compan ka Kren qe-
OY wo 10 RS Oua wO ochi ba
Aaris Sal S rob ka pro fit hus
oY last Yer 2 PobtDy welYe ad oSs But
we nave it with Sas 9 -pandermuc a M
6monihs srops band thien tou ov Con epe t
 15

sSdproduehon b kam ki Sales b

ean ho skta hou k expenses Kao hue non.
ctar band Yahi ho OY loon ko wka

d e h6 Nunericoal Aov sheacd Is sas ki

Cmaun kam ho bu Yecisticolly,shced
Saal Sala me phe proft 24edo kamay ho

Thol uas yevkicalonluss

B1S Tme hum botom to topye ho4 ota
esen k cqainst Sob octrs ko compare ku
tho Income taLemeut me Top to Botfsm
Soles Se neeche h a

Hiontal Common Size Ahalysis

Movekom lefE o rght aht o left
Lets suppose theos a companu iska plant hai
201 SO billisn ka tha o 8 me 300 billio
2019 903 billim 2020 me lOS0 billim.
Ab hum horzontal Anausis kr delhen
ae kCompany ne aphe apko Kitha qroLo
ua mai.
b hum base Value e len qe 2o1t k
Vaue ko of Us kcqains Sab values
ko cuparie en 1
2o0-7SO10o
7SO
2ol6 207
Teor20.0 2o19
Plant loSo 03 8o0
40 20 T

2.011 Se
2020
Compon ne 40. grow
hou, o
e tYend na 2 0 Oraha e ppe
e p m e n t b/s k amoun heu
plant 2
 16

skoFom Kisi o com pany se b (mpare

kren q
SeLvice
20)0 2019 2ol8 207
10 4S 20 bas VaUA
20 6S

FS a Velu Smal cammpay Compeuttvely Sala

out when we alk about qrowth ou ye
4 yeo ne 2o erow ky chuki hau.
Y bota only 40).
e need to ivest n qrauoing bUsiness nst
in bia busimess.

Kisi b B/5 O ncome Staloment k valu

kY sk hen

Trend Analusis
Sme mpe as above

Relaionship Amona Hinancial Stalemenb:

Aar Bs pe asset k value boaxbi bai
kou apse pucha aue k tska afet kua ho
skta ha tDu ap Kahen ge Cosh kamn ho
skta beai Ya ablibes leage asselb 24ada
ho sk hen O O
Cash oqY kem hog toy
Cagh in hand kom hoa Aay lease asseh
2cdaho ahe hen tou fska otlah hau
kfab hes 2yada hom
u a assek oU cash kam
Aar cash se Purchase
loan pe iueDu abi tneveede This is
Caled c relahonshp Ap ne dekha hoå k
ek rodio ek akoy andar movement
K oa Se kohan kahan pe kthe Rthe Possible
fmpech a skle hen
 17

Date:

Common Ratios Used in EA

Ackvily Ratios
E is bastcallu the Asset Managemen Katio
which wR CoVeYed Pevious
Apki acivily kihni achi chal Yahi hai Compled
YouYCompelitoY Aapapni aSset turDaver Yaho
ikalte_ hen apme Compehlors r industry Kb
ehi ratio caldal k ben3n Ko apas
me CSpere kren a o pta cha e1a
k apkiCompany achi chal Y hoi his
How uoell yov are managinq Your opera hons
Hpne PrOviaus Years Se b compee Kr skle hen

COG5- Ya uo chez ha jo fina produ d me

Convert hogi inished qouds ki cosl)

io fim ol pYodu meconvet mhotiuSko

khle hen e- Yo material

nvent

InventsYY urn over Raluo Co S

Puero Inventr

Aveiaae nvewksry
ast yeau k inventsry v a l u leni hai

YCuYeyt Year Invents ki vauue Roni

hou (elosingValues)
Hvaxage iskuye Jen au q k o exveme vaes
ko side pe kYdela ha, Sxenme valueska
matlab ye ho kho skta hai k coYond
kiwa Se apki Sales kamho 9aen SY
fnventory boht pfle p qc hen or Saal
k ondor Uska eted dilde hota hota
or opkS Sales cluboro se start kuien
 18

Date:

Ocp he Sacl k andar Considerable cmaun

ko Conveut krdye Soles me l0 r
humL fata ole tou wa boht advese
Side pe chala l a o mislec.ding hola
Hum dose Fo veali jane chohliyisLue
avexage le e a

Lets suppose Aveage luynovek aluo ko

Caleulal kne se answe ato hou5.
Then how wGuwd we inlerpvel i
COGS hmesha 2oda hoh ha ,invents kam
woSmes vecovu h huy hou5ka madlas
hum ne chee khoueedi beeh d pee
C
a hOn 1gaun khaieecdi bechi phiy
pese a go In othei wds hmaka inventy
ciycle 5 ines chala
Hum cqr puresaal ki inventory dk dhe khaveepl

Lon q tou hmaYa pesea recove ek saal k

bad hoga.wh do we RYchae yeau?
wh don't we do k gYdey ,vsi bme
Puvehase k bma k bech di. So, kua
e Yauo 2odaachi hoi ya kam?
The hiqhex the Yakio,the bett ey be
it means K hUm apha wot pesa bao

bay galek hi dfa SaYa pesa mi ea

efe
For Exanmple, o l ki PYices chonge hot veki
hen
ca ap ek hcaSeva ail khaveed
len e kou ahe
Shsa1e kiye jnh choiye h fed
CASS nana p qa2-
2 t k wo Sole me
Convey ni hoqe tb
 19

Date:
prot ae
Stovoge ki cost ge
24ada Yakhl
Hence aap inventoyyt
hen epki dead investmen inureeuse hot
hou, cosh stuck ho Jata h o
pYo atobi.L y kam home kchances hen
So, its elway qoodh at acp civcle chalalo
ahen he aherYatio, he
bette
IEcon also be negatwe aqr ap ne
2eau
Ska aus metid ek dfa h p u e h a s e

k y a YSale ho hi niY

We hove tuoo LomPanies Ka tornoveY 2

68 ka inventoy turnover 8 481s
betteyAb hum is kO dous me Convet kr
dekhlehen k hmaYi inventory Ki the din
pari Ye hti bai bmdre pas

Inventory in Stock 36S

Ihventbry lurnoveY Kaho

8 14.6 34/25 1-6

Ki nventOYY douys povi Yehti hoi A
Kinventbyy dauy s par Yehti. t meanns
A 1 dos tk apnapesa laa k Yakhh hai
OY 14 doys
lurnoyeY h a 2uadaho otha Ccha hai or
doys me turnoverithakam bo udna
acha hai
anlo wali vaio me meski baat ho ri
Sme days ki
 20

Date:-
Receivable Turnover = Sales or Kevenuve
Averaqe Heceivables

oles me se hi ap kReceivablesqe nerole

hole ben redtt Sales are receivables
We SUppose2 answer aua Eneans 50/
Sales apki credit pe Yehti hoi,Thot is not
Cqood hinq6 monthsbad ap k pese
Luapis aleu ben In shot apka pesa b manih
ko
YUse kaY Yaha hi Or maybe
aap he loan liya hua hai fou aPko
Hmance cos poy krmi poreY-
Ye lurnover itha zada ho uthaacha
hai Aay ye So hai tuu means k1
Saal Yme SO dha pese wapis lele ap
b0 times wo Sale, e dt sales me ConveY
huyi or
phir wo Receivables me Conver buue
Cnd lhen ccsb meSoles ki pese Sale me
chale ayeCGS kudhar or profht ka
pysit

A Sales Soo 11S 36S

imes 12S
2-92
Rocel 20

Sales 1200
240 6S
Rec 240

Com panis be tler

hon A
k wo
S daS me pese YecoveykY ole itne
240da claus hon geuthe Yecover K chances
Kam hon qe oY
phir humein loss hsta lav
provision o bad debl creale ki parhen.
 2
Date:

hgainturnover itna 2uada utha ocha

OY
daus me ithe kam daus utno acho
nvertoru or Receivables ke inte pr etaion same
hai

Tauable urnove Rorchoses

Averoqe brade ouyables

Urchases COGSr Ending Inventoyy-pening invento

hap ne loaon k pese dene hen itha lale
ldan apis Kren ae utna acha bai
Credit purchases se pauable bnta
Ccsh pUrchases Se Assets bnle

Suppose 5 answer aua, means hum

5 Rmes c yeaY pne CreditoYS ko pese
dele hen, 5 dfa hmare pos se psa faa ha
-Hum 5 dfa Pau kyne compe itor l dfa
Which one is beter 2 5 Rmes whu
b hum 2uada de pesa Yelaun rakhle
ispesepe veuyn nt dena qk e ash
OYm me nha Produt Ki Om me
hai. he less mes tbe behex
Logonk peson Se apna kaYobaY chla Yohe
hen

Avevocp trode poubleslastea ki Value

or cument yeay K valua ka Qveracee len
 22
Date:

workinq Copital lornover Pevenue

Averoqe Workin opptel

.Cumvent Liabirtie
Workinq Capit al -Corrent Assel-Cuvent
e k
last eoY CUYYent Yeay Ki Vodue
avevaqe mkami
Reve nue Soles

Hum kibne pese busimess me la Yahe hen

OY USse ktna Pevenue qen eo kr re hen

Fixed Capitcd se doy to doyopera homs ni

choltewYkim9Copitol se challe
Wokimq Ccpîtal s the Blatd that runs
the Company
The hiaher the tUYnover he beftar
Nhy? aap chahte hen k kom ese se
2Hada Yeulyn aye
tells k kitmi dfa pesa scles mne Convert
ho k wapisata haN
Agy ye pesa kam Soles prOduce ky
înveh-
Yoha ho tou koi pyoblem hai. Ya
loYy bayhti fa hoya aapk bad
debts bankua Ye hen.
Individnally deide mikY Sakle,uwe'
have to See he CompektYS and Indogby
your volue is higher than olhets,it
meons You're goD d,i less hanhoe's
a Yoblem .
Date:

Liqutdihy Rahios

Cosh onveysionCyele:
SKa o answer oye gawo days hom
Let's Suppose 18 days 1Et meanspehla
dfn YOw Ymalevia kayne Se le k
8th day tkmera pesq muhe koi e Forn
nahi dei Yob
Ccsh to Cash cohvey hone me 8 doys
Kaq Yabe hen
The
heshovter the yde the better
Aay ye lomba ho qacycle too kya
hoga7 Gpki Cycle 20 daus k had
Compekitay q0 doy tou aaD K pas
30days ka xha Cagh avoulable nahi hota,
wo apka cash Stuck yahta heu Aar wo

tou aa
pesa ap k pas avolable hota
Cash USekarlekahin na Kahin nues
kole Y Yeuyn ala
So, basically cash stuck hane k wja
Se investmen hohien
Dppoytunaties ose hoheh.

Defensive Interva Raio

Mouketable Sewrbes kabhi baap Isko
Sale kaY skle benl.
k Cash me Conveykay skle hen
e - Shoves bomds, oei2h cuvyerey
AlC Receivables easi convertable to cash
This tells k meauture me meve
kitna Cash avolable ho skta hi
 24

Date:

OY mera daflu ka cash ka R a kharcho

hai
s k a o b answer oye q us ka matlab
hoqa k me itne din baber kisi e
hoaa
loan Lqeapne business ko chala Sakla
hun, withoutany new soUTCei n c o m e
OYin lows
the SuYvival mode,
the Cmpany in
they have mo ScOrceto ap dekhna
chahle hen k ye ktha cYsa ehal skti.
he Cnm pany is lotking ot thod in extremel
clre situatims witho On Yesource

haw much lamgey Con we sorvive ?

Doy Cosh spenses coe thOse which
Cannot defey omen kmi h kYni
hou