BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PROJECT AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT WITH

HONOURS (BPFM)

SEPTEMBER 2020

EBEG 4103

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

NO. MATRIKULASI : 840526146509001

NO. KAD PENGENALAN : 840526146509
NO. TELEFON : 0175101961
E-MEL : adamchandra74@gmail.com
PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : Shah Alam Learning Center
Question 1A.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Climate change is a global phenomenon and is particularly evident in the past three decades.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its Fifth Assessment Report, reveals an
increase of average global land and ocean temperature by 0.85 °C from 1880 to 2012. The IPCC is
highly confident that the period between 1983 and 2012 was the warmest in the past 800 years
(PCC-AR5-WG1, 2013). While surface air temperature is most commonly used to elucidate climate
change, sea level, sea surface temperature, arctic sea ice and the occurrence of extreme weather
have also been monitored in tracking the phenomenon (Nakicenovic et al., 2000; PCC-AR5-WG1,
2013).Climate change is a change in the usual weather found in a place. This could be a change in
how much rain a place usually gets in a year. Or it could be a change in a place's usual temperature
for a month or season. Climate change is also a change in Earth's climate. This could be a change in
Earth's usual temperature. In the following section a brief explanation of Local Climate Changes in
Malaysia explained ,followed by its effects to passive design building in hometown.
1.1 Local climate change in Malaysia.
Being a global phenomenon, there has been increasing interest to look at how climate change
and its impacts unfold regionally, including in Malaysia. Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country
consisting of two regions, i.e. the Peninsular Malaysia and the Malaysian Borneo. The country has a
total land area of 330,803km2and an estimated population of32 million in 2017 (Ab Rahman et al.,
2013). The country experiences equatorial climate characterized by hot and humid weather all year-
round. The annual climate variability is closely tied to the Southwest and the Northeast Monsoons.
The Southwest Monsoon occurs in the months of April to September while the Northeast Monsoon
occurs from October to March. The Southwest Monsoon features drier weather with less rainfall
compared to the Northeast Monsoon which brings more precipitation (Kwan et al., 2013).
1.2 Temperature
Malaysia’s climate can be characterized by three main components namely wind pattern,
rainfall and temperature. In addition, the presence of El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian
Ocean Dipole (IOD) periodic cycle and Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) affects the nation’s
rainfall distribution. The country had experienced a weak phase of El-Niño which started in October
2018 and continued until June 2019, followed by a neutral ENSO that continued until December
2019. A weak El Niño phenomenon usually has a minimal impact on rainfall distribution in
Malaysia. The average temperature for 2019 was 27.63 ° C, was 0.69°C above normal. The normal
temperature for Malaysia is 26.94°C. The average maximum temperature of 2019 was around
32.67°C, which was 0.71°C above normal while the average minimum temperature of 2019 is
24.24°C, which was 0.66°C above normal. This average temperature generally indicates an
increasing trend compared to normal. Climate change is one of the factors that causes a rise in
temperature. The ENSO cycle also plays a key role where most years with the highest temperatures
recorded are the El Niño years. Figure 1A, shows average daily temperature in Malaysia compared
to normal (1981-2010).

Figure 1.2 A Average daily temperature in Malaysia compared to normal (1981-2010).

Source:https://www.met.gov.my/content/pdf/penerbitan/laporantahunan/laporantahunan2019.pdf

1.3 Rainfall
The historical rainfall data shows high variability which is consistent with the findings of other
studies (Malaysian Meteorological Department, 2009; Sammathuria and Ling, 2009; Loh et al.,
2016). Fig. 1.3A shows the average monthly rainfall of Kota Kinabalu was generally below 500
mm except between 2009 and mid-2010 where the monthly rainfall peaked in the mid-2010.
Similar trend wa also observed in Kuching (Fig. 1.3B) with high rainfall recorded between 2009
and mid-2010. However, the rainfall peaked at the end of 2009 and early 2010.
Figure 1.3A

Figure 1.3B
1.4 Sea Level
The mean sea levels in the Malaysian waters have been on the rise and this is clearly shown in Fig.
1.4A . Fig. 5C shows a sharp fall in the sea level at Lahad Datu, Sabah in 2015 but the overall trend
is a rising one. Overall, the total average sea level in Malaysia has been rising at 3.67 ± 0.15
mm/year based on the analysis of tidal data from 1984 to 2013 (Kamaruddin et al., 2016). This is
higher than projected global sea level rise of 1.7–3.1 mm/year due to local climate and
topographical conditions. Ercan et al. (2013) projected the sea level on the coast of the Peninsular
Malaysia and the coast of Sabah-Sarawak to rise by 0.517 m and 1.064 m respectively by 2100.
Figure 1.4 A, Sea level rise in Malaysia .
Source: https://geospatial.blogs.com/geospatial/2011/04/map-malaysia-water-management-is-a-top-
priority-in-sabah.html

Figure 1.4 B , Sea level rising chart for Lahad Datu. Source: WorldWeatherOnline, 2018

2.0 Passive building design of hometown .

In this section, the downturn of passive building design in hometown due to climate changes will be
elaborate. As a case study, a traditional Malay house which found in majority area in hometown is
chosen in this regard to criticize in line with Malaysian climate changes.
2.1 Introduction
The traditional Malay house is a timber house raised on stilts. It is basically a post and lintel
structure with wooden or bamboo walls. Set in a middle of a large compound, the traditional Malay
house not only reflects the creative and aesthetic skills of the Malays, but also meets their
socioeconomic, cultural and environmental needs. The basic design of the traditional Malay house
and its construction methods give it great flexibility so that extensions to the house can be carried
whenever necessary. (Nasir 1985)

Figure 2.1 A , Illustration of the external environment of the Malay house. Source Yuan 1987
2.2 Building materials
Traditional passive house in hometown use lightweight construction of wood and other natural
materials. The lightweight construction of low thermal capacity holds little head and cools
adequately at night. The attap roof is an excellent thermal insulator. Glazed areas are seldom found
in this houses. In contradictory passive houses in cities uses brick tiles, concrete and other materials
of high thermal capacity.
2.3 Layout
Traditional passive houses in hometown are randomly arranged. This ensures the wind velocity in
the houses in the latter path of the wind will not be substantially reduced. Unlike in the cities , the
rigid pattern create barriers that block the passage of the wind.
3.0 Conclusion
Design for climate requires that homes be designed or modified to ensure that the occupants remain
thermally comfortable with minimal auxiliary heating or cooling in the climate where they are built.
Passive design — working with the climate, not against it — is an important component, as are
energy efficient heating and cooling systems, and smart behavior by the occupants. Approximately
40% of household energy is used for heating and cooling to achieve thermal comfort. This rate
could be cut to almost zero in new housing through sound climate responsive design and, indeed,
should be our aspirational goal. Taking into account current consumer preferences and industry
practices, halving the rate to 20% is a highly achievable in the short term. The 40% of household
energy used for heating and cooling to achieve thermal comfort could be cut to almost zero in new
housing through sound climate responsive design.
References
Ab Rahman, A.K., Abdullah, R., Balu, N., Mohd Shariff, F., 2013. The impact of La Nina and El
Nino events on crude palm oil prices: an econometric analysis. Oil Palm Ind. Econ. J. 13 (2), 38–
51.
Nakicenovic, N., Alcamo, J., Grubler, A., Riahi, K., Roehrl, R.A., Rogner, H.H., Victor, N., 2000.
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES), A Special Report of Working Group III of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, UK

Sammathuria, M.K., Ling, L.K., 2009. “Regional Climate Observation And Simulation Of Extreme
Temperature and Precipitation Trends”, Paper Presented at the 14th International Rainwater
Catchment Systems Conference, 3–6 August. PWTC, Kuala Lumpur available at.
http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/ircsa/pdf/14th/papers/P1-3%20Sammathuria.pdf, Accessed date: 25
June 2018
Yuan, L.J. (1979) Relief of Climatic Stress in Housing in Malaysia Architect Journal Vol. 4:79
December 1979.
Yuan, L.J. (1984) Under One Roof: The Traditional Malay House IDRC Reports Vol. 12 No. 4
January 1984.
Yuan, L.J. (1987) The Malay House: Rediscovering Malaysia’s Indigenous Shelter System Institute
Masyarakat: Penang.

Question 1b.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Passive design refers as designing the building and the space within it to benefit from natural light,
ventilation and even temperatures. It responds to site conditions and local climate to maximize
building user s comfort and health enhance minimizing energy use. Means that, it cans achieves this
by using free, renewable sources of energy such as sun and wind to provide household heating
cooling. ventilation and lighting. thereby removing the need for mechanical heating or cooling.
Presently, 'sustainability' is a very important and essential concept whenever people discussed on
environmental issues. The words 'sustainability' has been widely recognized since the World
Commission on Environment and Development presented Our Common Future' in 1987 under
United Nations (Brown, 2005),In my opinion: the adoption of environmental concern in
commercial buildings in Malaysia is less common. This proposal will explore basic principles,
issues and design strategic option for passive design elements and refers to prominent example such
as Space U8. Bukit Jelutong, which have adopted passive design approach that relates to
environmental concern. Using passive design can reduce temperature, improve indoor air quality
and make more enjoyable to live in. It can also reduce energy use and environmental impacts such
as greenhouse gas emissions.
This research seek to determine the present latest technology and design tool that applied on
the highlighted local case study buildings and promotion of sustainable buildings through the green
building features.
2.0 Passive Building Design Features

2..1 Introduction

Passive design is the main element to sustainable building that also reduce energy efficiency using
that lead to operational cost saving. Passive design basically responds to local climate and site
condition to allow total building user's comfort and maintain health. Using passive design can
reduce heat temperature, improve indoor air quality incorporated more enjoyable to live in. Thus,
using passive design also can reduce energy use and environmental impacts such as global warm
and greenhouse gas emission. Nowadays, practicality grown of using passive design bring towards
comfortable and resource-efficient buildings.
2.2 Passive Building Design

Passive design refers as designing the building and the space within it to benefit from natural light.
ventilation and even temperatures. It responds to local climate and site conditions to maximize
building user's comfort and health while minimizing energy use. It achieves this by using free,
renewable sources of energy such as sun and wind to provide household heating, cooling,
ventilation and lighting, thereby removing the need for mechanical heating or cooling. Passive
design features are elements that attached to the building such as building location and orientation
on the site, building layout, window design, insulation, thermal mass, sun shading device, double
skin envelop and large overhang. Each element collaborate each other to achieve comfortable
temperatures and good indoor air quality. Design using passive design features need to consider on
to achieve right amount of solar access, insulation, ventilation, building location and orientation.
2.3 Key Features

Key features elements for passive design are building layout building location and orientation on
the site. shading devices. building envelop. ventilation and insulation. These elements are incentives
for having a green building. Considering achieving right amount of solar access so that to provide
enough lighting in a building but prevent to gain too much heat to maintain comfort temperature.
This can be achieving by using passive design through combination of location and orientation.
room layout, window and shading device. Insulation and thermal mass function as to help maintain
even temperatures, while ventilation provides passive cooling as well as improving indoor air
quality.

Consider for example, large windows that admit high levels of natural light might result in too
much heat gain, especially if it cast light on an area of thermal mass. Thus, opening windows might
also provide ventilation that let in noise. Considering all passive design features, designer also
should consider on views. local authority restriction and building owner preferences.
2.4 Overview Passive Design Features
a) Location, Orientation and Layout
The location automatically response due to have a good sustainable design. Its response to the
natural climate and topography condition on the site. Building orientation affects heating energy
requirements in distinct climatic factors. Solar radiation and its heating effect on wall and the room
which facing the sun directions. Therefore, good ventilation enhance between the directions of
prevailing winds and orientation of building.
A good layout planning supposed to response the location of site and suitable building orientation
position to maximize respond to the natural climate.
b) Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation basically is paving a way of reducing cooling load in building where hot air load
in the building were bring out with the air ventilation. Natural ventilation caused by pressure
difference inside and outside of a building envelops, as a result of wind velocity and stack effects.
c) Day Lighting
Day lighting also one of key element on passive design feature. It is very important and reacts as
main role for people inside building that effect psychologically and physically. The natural light can
be capitalized by the use of window, light shade and others. Basically, what the interior need is
ambient daylight without the radiant heat and glare that called diffuse daylight. The design should
avoid direct sunlight penetration into the building instead avoid the longer facade in the direction of
east to west. Designers should try to create better uniformed daylight distribution into a space.
When daylight enters a room through the windows, the illumination near the window will be high
and it reduces quickly as it gets further into depth room. By having high level windows or
clerestory window. where the lower window is for vision and the higher level window is purely
daylight can improve the daylight penetration.
3.0 Passive design building in Kuala Lumpur

3.1 Telekom Tower, Kuala Lumpur

The building was 310 meter high, has 75 storey and was constructed in 1996 and complete
1998.The tower has slabs at every 5 floors which accommodate gardens like a mini park. Sky
garden help to 'green the tower instead provide natural shade on the eastern and western facades and
also serve a space for relaxation and informal meeting. Offices are designed within a central core
and make the best use of natural lighting within paving out the heat. The narrow eastern and
western facades minimize solar penetration, reduce air conditioning loads while allowing high
amount of indirect lighting. The building represents a landmark in intelligent architecture and its 6-
star rating reflects the green building design and commitment to energy efficiency and
sustainability. The underfloor system has helped minimize construction costs and maximize
occupant comfort throughout the building. A total of 227 CAM-V33 units and 1800 standard TU4
Fan-tiles are installed throughout the building, the modular nature of the system allowing the A/C
installation to be delayed until the building reached the construction of the 40th floor. The TU4
Fan-tiles easily fit into the 350mm floor void and offer flexibility for future reconfiguration of the
work space.

Figure 3.1.1 Telekom Tower, Kuala Lumpur (Source: http:// www.malaysian-explorer.com)

The building, located Jalan Pantai Baharu , city of Kuala Lumpur, operates on the dynamics of both
passive and active techniques and onsite renewable energy generation, as exemplified in the solar
BIPV system.
The building is seen as a feasible and timely solution to growing concerns surrounding the pressing
issues of global warming and energy security. Figures point to the alarming reality that in
developed nations, buildings tend to take up a third of total energy consumption. This building has
very unique approaches on natural ventilation system also. The passive ventilation mechanism
consist of natural ventilation system strategies where passive methods of cross ventilation which by
a simple opening or enhanced by the stack effect from smaller ingress - larger egress windows used
to maintain the thermal comfort inside building. The building consists of four entrances which
creates an unobstructed air movement route for air to flow constantly. The air flow from any
direction directly entered into the building by four entrances provided. The entrances were design as
a large opening which capture the moving outdoor air and direct it through the spaces within the
building compound. The entrances high characteristic allows a larger volume of air to be capture
and improving the efficiency of natural ventilation.

Figure 3.1.2 Building Entrance Source : https://www.flexiblespace.com/casestudy/menara-telekom-

tower/.
For the day lighting mechanism, Menara TM has a high well insulated roof canopy protects
boulevards locate in middle area, with open sides and ends to facilitate ventilation. The roof is also
punctuated with skylights. designed to bring in the required amount of daylight to create the right
ambience. Windows are generally tinted and incorporated with sun shading panels to reduce heat
gain. Day lighting is used extensively to cut back the usage of artificial lighting by employing large
'pictured frames' windows to maximize views as well. A large sun shading panel had been installed
at two main entrances, which are at front side and backside of the building. The louvers protected
also function as to hide the compressor.

Fi
gure 3.1.3 Natural Day light of Menara TM Source : https://www.klcc-
officespace.my/property/telekom-tower-jalan-pantai-bahru-kl/
3.2 Platinum Sentral Kuala Lumpur
Platinum Sentral is a state-of-the-art campus-style office, offering seamless connectivity, a creative
working environment and contemporary business lifestyle. Platinum Sentral is Kuala Lumpur
Sentral CBD’s first Green Office Campus. It comprises of 5 blocks of low-rise campus style offices
with high-end retail shops, hospitality zone & green space with a GFA of approximately 980,000
square feet. With its estimated GDV of over RM700 million, this premise has provided ample car
parks equipped with digital guidance system. The retail space planned across 86,251 square feet.
Caters to the needs of the working population in Platinum Sentral as well as the surrounding office
areas. The dynamic, state-of-the-art architecture planned across 380,835 square feet, complements
the contemporary business lifestyles.
Figure 3.2.2 Main Atrium of Platinum Sentral .Source: https://www.mrcbquillreit.com/platinum-
sentral/
The Platinum Sentral is one of Kuala Lumpur’s, or rather Malaysia’s greenest buildings and it did
not earn its name by chance. The design team from Platinum Sentral designed the building with one
main goal in mind, which is to build a building that has a relatively high energy efficiency and
meeting all the high standards of ETTV. To do so, many engrossing material selections were used
and groundbreaking ideas were developed.
Platinum Sentral is mainly built up of steels and high performance Insulating Glass Unit (IGU) and
Single Glass Unit (SGU) glazing as the facade of the building. As for the roof, the building’s roof is
specially formulated with PVDF thermal-control coating system which is considered a fairly
innovative engineering feat.
Figure 3.2.3 : Window Construction illustration for Platinum Sentral.
The internal public atrium of the Platinum Sentral is entirely naturally ventilated, bringing office
workers and public together with a sense of containment and discovery. The six floor high atrium
with a fairly wide walkway allows a temperature gradient to develop, which then stimulates stack
ventilation. As the warm air given off by the occupants, which is less dense rises in the building, the
cooler air flows to the lower ground, providing the users sense of thermal comfort. With stack
ventilation, the building does not rely on the wind as it will naturally occurs with relatively stable
air flow supplemented by low velocity large scale fans. Besides, wall sheltering method is applied
where shrubbery or vines are used to create shades and promote natural ventilation.
Figure 3.2.2: Buidling Facade, view from roof garden
4.0 Conclusion
In order for development commercial building in Malaysia towards sustainability, the following
develop practical passive design principle as guide for future development of sustainability
commercial buildings. It is based on theoretical and data analyses from the research finding have
been proposed:
(i) Location. layout and orientation must be considered from the beginning of the design process
despite consideration include access to view, cooling breezes, and understanding on sun paths.
(ii)Ideal site — Be able to accommodate building with a relative large north-facing wall for
maximum solar gain. A site with north-south alignment is likely to receive midday sun and with
minimal overshadowing, but may have limited morning or evening sun. A site with east-west
alignment is more likely to be overshadowed to the north.
(iii)Day lighting - Avoids direct sunlight, use diffused light which requires careful
placement and sizing of windows. The higher the window head, the deeper the daylight will
penetrate into the interior.
(iv) Day Lighting - Designing so all spaces requiring day lighting which have access to an
external wall and arranging spaces so that natural lighting comes from two or more directions.
(v) Natural Ventilation - When designing this system. longer façade of the building should be
facing the prevailing wind direction, with doors and opening windows providing the ventilation
openings.
(vi) Natural Ventilation - Maximizing air flow by designing open plan spaces and using
architectural and landscape features to direct and control air flow.
(vii) Natural Ventilation - Maintaining vertical distance between two openings to create a stack
effect and having opening at different level.
References
Carles B., Jay N. (2001) Eco-Friendly Architecture. Barcelona: Links International.
Dejan M., Mat S. (2013). A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering: "An
Integrated Approach to Energy, Health and Operational Performance". London, UK: Routledge.
Dennis F. (2008). Being Sustainable: Building Systems Performance. USA: Insitebuilders.
Jerry Y. (2007). The Green Building Revolution. USA: Island Press.
Jerry Y., Ulf M. (2013). The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise Versus Performance in
Sustainable Design. USA: Routledge.
Marian K., Bill B. (2013). Fundamentals of Integrated Design for Sustainable Building. New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Michael B., Peter M., Michael S. (2009). Green Building: Guidebook for Sustainable Architecture.
Germany: Springer.
Nicola M. (2001). Towards Sustainable Building. Netherland: Springer.
Tang C K et al (2004), Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings, (Non-domestic)
Malaysian Gov. Printer.

Question 2.
2a1) Total Cash Flow
Initial Investment = Rm 70 000
Maintenance cost per year = Rm 3500
Cost Saving Per Year = Rm 0.30 X 45’000kWh
= Rm 13 500
 Cash Flow Year 0 = Rm 70000
 Cash Flow Year 1- Year 9 = Saving Per Year - Maintenance cost per year
= Rm 13500-rm 3500
= Rm 10000.
 Cash Flow Year 10 = Rm 10000 + RM 5000 ( Salvage Value)
= Rm 15000.
Cash Flow Tabular Form as per below.

Year Cash Flow (RM)

0 (70000)
1 10000
2 10000
3 10000
4 10000
5 10000
6 10000
7 10000
8 10000
9 10000
10 15000

2a2) Simple Payback Period

Simple payback period (Years) = Total Amount of the Investment

Annual Cash Flow

= Rm 70000
Rm 10000

= 7 years.
2a3)Net Present Value (NPV)

PV= A¿] + F ( 1+d )−15

Where, A= Annual Income ,d= discount rate , n = number of years ,F= Future Value .

=10000¿] + 5000( 1+3 % )−10

=10000 ¿] + 5000( 1.03 )−10

0.3439
=10000[ ¿ + 5000(0.7440)
0.0403

=10000[8.5302] + 3720

= RM 8530 + Rm 3720

NPV= RM 12 250.00

Question 2b1

Value of Cusum(highlighted in yellow) as per below table.

 Month Actual Energy Consumption Predicted Energy Consumption Variance CUSUM
A B A-B C+(A-B)
Jan-12 47,712.91 47,134.24 578.67 578.67
Feb-12 46,092.63 46,332.45 -239.82 338.85
Mar-12 44,048.47 44,433.66 -385.19 -46.34
Apr-12 49,889.05 50,247.71 -358.66 -405.00
May-12 47,211.23 46,980.64 230.59 -174.41
Jun-12 51,036.74 50,829.44 207.30 32.89
Jul-12 49,158.45 49,310.84 -152.39 -119.50
Aug-12 50,174.60 50,486.28 -311.68 -431.18
Sep-12 45,245.21 45,345.47 -100.26 -531.44
Oct-12 46,718.63 46,683.24 35.39 -496.05
Nov-12 47,898.58 47,288.94 609.64 113.59
Dec-12 44,622.92 44,736.50 -113.58 0.01
Jan-13 42,703.05 46,000.19 -3,297.14 -3,297.13
Feb-13 42,198.82 41,692.59 506.23 -2,790.90
Mar-13 42,429.73 42,135.53 294.20 -2,496.70
Apr-13 41,401.55 44,151.81 -2,750.26 -5,246.96
May-13 42,055.89 40,601.66 1,454.23 -3,792.73
Jun-13 43,381.23 49,980.81 -6,599.58 -10,392.31
Jul-13 40,801.51 50,145.31 -9,343.80 -19,736.11
Aug-13 43,651.90 50,359.91 -6,708.01 -26,444.12
Sep-13 37,327.30 47,797.68 -10,470.38 -36,914.50
Oct-13 6,907.72 47,075.42 -40,167.70 -77,082.20
Nov-13 38,079.37 47,059.08 -8,979.71 -86,061.91
Dec-13 35,028.99 45,496.90 -10,467.91 -96,529.82

Question 2b2

To obtain the baseline value ,CUSUM Chart plotted as per below.

 Chart Title
20,000.00
f(x) = − 99.76 x + 4100551.05
R² = 0.54
0.00
Sep-11 Dec-11 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Mar-14

-20,000.00

-40,000.00

-60,000.00

-80,000.00

-100,000.00

-120,000.00

Question 2b3

CUSUM Chart ( Oct 12-Aug 13) plotted below for interpretation purpose.
 CUSUM CHART OCT 12 - AUG 13
5,000.00

0.00
Aug-12 Oct-12 Moving
Dec-12 Jan-13
average trend line with Mar-13 May-13
period = %PERIOD Jun-13 Aug-13 Oct-13
R² = NaN
-5,000.00

-10,000.00

-15,000.00

-20,000.00

-25,000.00

-30,000.00

As per in the CUSUM Chart, it is clearly seen that initial energy performance back in Oct 12 was
poor. However, its improved after Dec 2012. Further drastic improvement came after May
2013.The energy performance model of energy consumption of this food processing plant is in
excellent trend starting June 2013, either the food processing production was reduced or energy
saver system were implemented during this period.