TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI

TECHNICAL REPORT FOR

TECHNICAL WRITING AND PRESENTATION

Subject: The Onering (ORM), Tworing (TRM)

and Elliptical channel model (ELM)

Name: Le Anh Duc

Student ID: 20182431
Class: ET1-09
Class ID: 119046
Supervisor: Nguyen Thu Nga

Ha Noi, 1 January 2021

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 Contents
List of Acronyms

List of Symbols

1. The Onering (ORM), Tworing (TRM) and Elliptical channel model (ELM) have the
channel impulse response
1.1 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Onering channel modeling method
1.2 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Tworing channel modeling method
1.3 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Elliptical channel modeling method

2. Results of compared correlation Properties both antenna sides of BS and MS is

perpendicular with the broadside 𝛽T = 90° and 𝛽R = 90°
2.1 The 2D CCF of MS side with 𝛿T ={0𝜆,4𝜆,10𝜆} and BS side with 𝛿R ={0𝜆,0.5𝜆,4𝜆}

3. MIMO-OFDMA: Three channel modellings are simulated in the same conditions

such as parameters and antenna directions
3.1 2×2 MIMO-OFDMA transmitter and receiver
3.2 The SFBC-MMSE MIMO-OFDMA system performance using GBSM channel
simulator with correlation ratio ρ = 0.9

References

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 List of Acronyms

CCF Cross-correlation function

BS Base station
LOS Line-of-sight
LTE Long Term Evolution
M2M Mobile to mobile
MIMO Multiple-input multiple-output
MS Mobile station
NLOS Non-line-of-sight
OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access
SER Statistical Error
SNR Signal-to-noise ratio
2D, 3D Two- , Three-dimensional

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 List of Symbols

C set of complex number

N set of natural number
𝑇
𝛼𝑚𝑎𝑥 maximum of the angle-of-departure
𝛼𝑛𝑅 angle-of-arrival of thenth plane wave seen from the receiver
𝛼𝑛𝑇 angle-of-departure of thenth plane wave seen from the transmitter
αn angle-of-arrival of thenth plane wave (path)
β negative curvature of the auto correlation function rμiμi(τ) at the origin
βR tilt angle of the receiver antenna array
βT tilt angle of the transmitter antenna array
γ negative curvature of the autocorrelation function rν3ν3(τ) at the origin
∑𝑁 𝑙
𝑛=1( ) multiple sum

δ(·) dirac delta function

γ(·,·) incomplete gamma function
a semi-major axis length of an ellipse
b semi-minor axis length of an ellipse
𝑓𝑛𝑅 doppler frequency of the nth plane wave caused by the movement of the receiver
𝑓𝑛𝑇 doppler frequency of the nth plane wave caused by the movement of the
transmitter
λ0 wavelength
δT antenna element spacing at the transmitter
θn phase shift due to the interaction with the nth scatterer Sn

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I. The Onering (ORM), Tworing (TRM) and Elliptical channel
model (ELM) have the channel impulse response
1.1 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Onering channel modeling method
The location of the scatterers is assumed to be positioned on a ring of radius R, determined
from the original mean squared hysteresis (RMS). This goal is to create a transmission delay
that is consistent with the measured power delay (PDF) profile of the channel. The geometric
scattering onering model is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The scattering 2x2 MIMO ORM in LTE-A

ℒ 𝑁𝑙
𝑂𝑅 (τ,
𝑐𝑙
ℎ𝑢,𝑠 t) = ∑ ∑ 𝑎𝑛,𝑠,𝑙 𝑏𝑛,𝑢,𝑙 𝑒 𝑗(2𝜋𝑓𝑛,𝑙 𝑡+𝜃𝑛,𝑙 ) × 𝛿(𝜏 − 𝜏𝑙 )
𝑙=1
√𝑁𝑙 𝑛=1
𝑑 𝐵𝑆 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙𝑀𝑆 )]
𝑗𝜋(𝑆−2𝑠+1) 𝑆 [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼𝐵𝑆 )+𝜙𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐵𝑆
𝑎𝑛,𝑠,𝑙 = 𝑒 𝜆 𝑛,𝑙

𝑑 𝑀𝑆
𝑗𝜋(𝑈−2𝑢+1) 𝑈 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙𝑛,𝑙 −𝛼𝑀𝑆 )
𝑏𝑛,𝑢,𝑙 = 𝑒 𝜆

The spatial-temporal cross correlation function (STCCF) of the two sub-paths of MIMO 2×2:
𝑂𝑅 𝑂𝑅 ∗𝑂𝑅
𝜌11,22 (𝛿𝑇 , 𝛿𝑅 , 𝛥𝑡) = 〈𝐻11 (𝑓, 𝑡) × 𝐻22 (𝑓, 𝑡 + 𝛥𝑡)〉
𝛿 𝑅
ℒ 𝑁𝑙 𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 [𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛽𝑇 )+𝛼𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛽𝑇 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝛼𝑛,𝑙 )]
𝑒 𝜆
𝑐𝑙2 0

=∑ ∑( 𝛿
𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 𝑅 −𝛽𝑅 ) )
𝑁𝑙 × 𝑒 𝜆0 𝑛,𝑙
𝑙=1 𝑛=1
× 𝑒 −𝑗(2𝜋𝑓𝑛,𝑙 +𝜃𝑛,𝑙 )𝛥𝑡
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1.2 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Tworing channel modeling method
Assuming that both the transmitter Tx and receiver Rx are moving with NT transmitting and
NR receiving omnidirectional antenna elements. The scattering model based on a two-ring
geometry for the broadband MIMO M2M channel is shown in Figure 2.
In LOS, the two-ring model includes the LOS, single-bounced receiving, transmitting and
double-bounced components, respectively.
In NLOS, single-bounced receiving, transmitting and double-bounced components are
included.

Figure 2. The scattering 2x2 MIMO TRM in LTE-A

ℒ 𝑀𝑙 𝑁𝑙
𝑐𝑙 𝑇 𝑅
𝑇𝑅 (τ,
ℎ𝑢,𝑠 t) = ∑ ∑ ∑ 𝑎𝑚,𝑠,𝑢,𝑙 𝑏𝑛,𝑠,𝑢,𝑙 𝑒 𝑗(2𝜋(𝑓𝑚,𝑙+𝑓𝑛,𝑙 )𝑡+𝜃𝑚,𝑛,𝑙) × 𝛿(𝜏 − 𝜏𝑙 )
𝑙=1
√𝑁𝑙 𝑀𝑙 𝑚=1 𝑛=1
The spatial-temporal cross correlation function (STCCF) of the two sub-paths of MIMO 2×2:
𝑇𝑅 𝑇𝑅 ∗𝑇𝑅
𝜌11,22 (𝛿𝑇 , 𝛿𝑅 , 𝛥𝑡) = 〈𝐻11 (𝑓, 𝑡) × 𝐻22 (𝑓, 𝑡 + 𝛥𝑡)〉
𝛿 𝑇
ℒ 𝑀𝑙 𝑁𝑙 𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼𝑚,𝑙 −𝛽𝑇 )
𝑐𝑙2 𝑒 𝜆0
=∑ ∑∑ 𝛿 𝑅
𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼𝑛,𝑙 −𝛽𝑅 )
𝑁𝑙 𝑀𝑙 × 𝑒 𝜆 0
𝑙=1 𝑚=1 𝑛=1 𝑇 𝑅
(× 𝑒 −𝑗(2𝜋(𝑓𝑚,𝑙 +𝑓𝑛,𝑙)+𝜃𝑚,𝑛,𝑙 )𝛥𝑡 )

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1.3 The spatial‐temporal correlation properties of the MIMO channel obtained by the
Extended Elliptical channel modeling method
The geometric elliptical scattering model with a single cluster of scatterers lying on an ellipse
was the starting point of the procedure.

Figure 3. The scattering 2x2 MIMO ELM in LTE-A

ℒ 𝑁𝑙
𝐸𝐿
𝑐𝑙
ℎ𝑘𝑙 (τ, t) = ∑ ∑ 𝑎𝑛,𝑠,𝑙 𝑏𝑛,𝑢,𝑙 𝑒 𝑗(2𝜋𝑓𝑛,𝑙𝑡+𝜃𝑛,𝑙) × 𝛿(𝜏 − 𝜏𝑙 )
𝑙=1
√𝑁𝑙 𝑛=1

The spatial temporal cross correlation function of the wideband ELM

𝐸𝐿 𝐸𝐿 ∗𝐸𝐿
𝜌11,22 (𝛿𝑇 , 𝛿𝑅 , 𝛥𝑡) = 〈𝐻11 (𝑓, 𝑡) × 𝐻22 (𝑓, 𝑡 + 𝛥𝑡)〉
𝛿 𝑇
ℒ 𝑁𝑙 𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼𝑛,𝑙 −𝛽𝑇 )
𝑐𝑙2 𝑒 𝜆0
= ∑ ∑( 𝛿 𝑅
𝑗2𝜋 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼𝑛,𝑙 −𝛽𝑅 ) )
𝑁𝑙 × 𝑒 𝜆 0
𝑙=1 𝑛=1
× 𝑒 −𝑗(2𝜋𝑓𝑛,𝑙 +𝜃𝑛,𝑙 )𝛥𝑡

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2. Results of compared correlation Properties both antenna sides of
BS and MS is perpendicular with the broadside 𝛽T = 90° and 𝛽R =
90°
2.1 The 2D CCF of MS side with 𝛿T ={0𝜆,4𝜆,10𝜆} and BS side with 𝛿R ={0𝜆,0.5𝜆,4𝜆}

Figure 4. The 2D CCF of MS side Figure 5. The 2D CCF of BS side

The spatial‐temporal CCF of the channel obtained by both channel simulators are close to
each other, especially in the case of Δds = Δdu = 0λ.
In the case of Δdu = 0.5λ or of Δds = 10λ, the CCF simulation results of the two channel
simulators are different to each other. It is due to the presence of the parameters Δn,m,AoA,
Δn,m,AoD.
At the antenna elements spacing at BS of 11λ and at MS of 0.5λ, the two channel simulators
give the minimum value of the spatial correlation function in all cases.

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3. MIMO-OFDMA: Three channel modellings are simulated in the
same conditions such as parameters and antenna directions
3.1 2×2 MIMO-OFDMA transmitter and receiver
The multiuser MIMO‐OFDMA system used for simulations is illustrated in Figures 6.

Figure 6. 2×2 MIMO-OFDMA transmitter and receiver

Perfect channel state information is assumed to be known at the receiver in all simulations. In
both transmitter, time and frequency synchronization are perfect. Because of the sake of
simplicity, multiple interference access is neglected. The antenna is used to simulate the two
channel modeling methods in MIMO‐OFDMA system.

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3.2 The SFBC-MMSE MIMO-OFDMA system performance using GBSM channel
simulator with correlation ratio ρ = 0.9

Figure 7. The SFBC-MMSE performance using GBSM with ρ = 0.9

Figure 7 compares the system performance results obtained by the ORM with those by the
SCM. With ρ = 0.9 and SNR = 20 dB, the SER obtained by using the SCM for the case of one
user is 0.059 and 50 users is 0.124. Using this condition, the SER obtained by using the ORM
for these two mentioned above cases are 0.0599, and 0.1235. It shows that if the number of
users is increased the system's performance is decreased. In Figure 7, the system performance
results show for the highly correlated channel. Because the spatial diversity is fully exploited
by the DCA mechanism, increasing the number of active users in the network should lead to
an increase of the system performance in the case of spatially uncorrelated channels.
Contrariwise, increasing the number of active users in a highly correlated channel results in a
system degradation.

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 References
1. Matthias Patzold, “Mobile radio channels”, 2nd Edition.
2. Nga Nguyen, Duc Nguyen, “A performance comparison of the SCM and the Onering
channel modeling method for MIMO-OFDMA systems”, In Journal of
WirelessCommunication and Mobile Computing, Volume 16, Issue 17, 10 December 2016,
pp.3123–3138. DOI: 10.1002/wcm.2730
3. Xiongwen.Z, Xiaolin.L, Shu Li, Katsuyuki.H, “Mobile-to-Mobile Wideband MIMO
Channel Realization by Using a Two-Ring Geometry-Based Stochastic Scattering
Model”, inWireless Personal Communications 84(4), 2015
4. Matthias Patzold, Bjorn O. Hogstad, “A wideband MIMO channel model derived
from the geometric elliptical scattering model”, Journal of Wireless Communications
and Mobile Computing, 2008, pp 8:597–605. DOI: 10.1002/wcm.572

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