forced harmonic motion.

mcd

Effects of damping on system response to harmonic loading

Omega n (ωn) is a system natural frequeny, omega (ω) is a range of forcing
frequencies, zeta (ζ) is critical damping ratio and A is the amplitude of the response.

from Theory of Vibration with Applications by

ωn := 10 William Thompson pg. 49:

ω := 0 , .1 .. 50
A ( ζ , ω , ωn ) :=
1
2
⎡ ω ⎤
2 2
⎢ 1 − ⎛⎜ ⎞ ⎥ + ⎛⎜ 2⋅ ζ ⋅ ⎞
ω
⎣ ⎝ ωn ⎠ ⎦ ⎝ ωn ⎠

50

40

A ( .01, ω , ωn)
30
A ( .03, ω , ωn)

A ( .05, ω , ωn)

A ( .10, ω , ωn) 20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
ω
ωn

Tablulate amplification for a range of frequency ratios (ωr=ω/ωn) and various damping ratios:

A (ζ , ωr) :=
1
ωr := .55 , .6 .. 1.1
2
⎡⎣ 1 − (ωr)2⎤⎦ + (2⋅ ζ ⋅ ωr)2

ωr = A (0.01 , ωr) = A (0.03 , ωr) = A (0.05 , ωr) =

0.55 1.434 1.432 1.429
0.6 1.562 1.56 1.556
0.65 1.731 1.728 1.721
0.7 1.96 1.954 1.943
0.75 2.284 2.274 2.253
0.8 2.775 2.753 2.712
0.85 3.597 3.544 3.446
0.9 5.24 5.063 4.757
0.95 10.067 8.854 7.346
1 50 16.667 10
1.05 9.558 8.312 6.815
1.1 4.736 4.543 4.218
 Illustrating a Phase Relationship in a Damped System (TDRPMP)

1.500

1.000
Amplitude (normalized)

0.500

0.000

-0.500

-1.000

-1.500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Angle
Node 5
- report
Node 20 (lags by 35 degrees)
ASME Section VIII, Division 2, Mandatory Appendix 5 – Design Based on Fatigue Analysis
Figure 5-110.1 Design Fatigue Curves for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy Steels and
High Tensile Steels for Temperatures not exceeding 700F
 Fatigue metric.mcd
8
f ( N) := 0.15 if N > 1.024⋅ 10
Markl
(
N ≡ 1000 , 3000 .. 10 )
8
1.2 if N < 3125
at N = 1.24e8, f is 01.5
at N = 3125, f is 1.2

S ( N) := 1689⋅ N
− 0.2 (6.0⋅ N− 0.2) otherwise

Sallow := 137.9
SA ( N) := f ( N) ⋅ 1.25⋅ ( 2⋅ Sallow)
1

f ( N)
⎛ 101 3999 OM API ⎞
⎜
⎜ 102 1413 OM API ⎟
1 .10
3
1 .10
4
1 .10
5
1 .10
6
1 .10
7
1 .10
8 ⎜ 3 ⎟
N ⎜ 10 572 OM API ⎟
Section VIII, VDiv 2 Appx.5 ⎜ 4 ⎟
DATA := ⎜
Fatigue Curve Fig.5-110.1(a) 10 262 OM API ⎟
UTS<550 MPa ⎜ 105 ⎟
The ASME fatigue curves show stress as an 138 OM API
amplitude (as do the harmonic results from ⎜ ⎟
CAESAR II). These values are derived from ⎜ 106 86.2 OM API ⎟
strains multiplied by the elastic modulus and a ⎜ ⎟
design margin. This allowable stress amplitude, ⎜ 107 86.2 OM API ⎟
therefore, is directly comparable to calculated ⎜ 8
stress intensity and stress amplitude. These ⎝ 10 86.2 OM API ⎠
values are adjusted to include the maximum effect
of mean stress. - ASME VIII - 2 Para. 5-101 〈〉
n := DATA 0
〈〉
The allowable vibration amplitude can be calculated based on s := DATA 1
the endurance limit. OM3 (Pre-operational and Initial Startup
Vibration Testing of Nuclear Power Plant Piping Systems) 〈〉
specifies 68.9 MPa zero to peak as the allowable endurance OM3 := DATA 2 OM ≡ 53.0
limit for carbon steel and specifies that the minimum safety
factor is 1.3 which equates to 53.0 MPa zero to peak. API 618 〈〉 API ≡ 44.8
(Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services) API618 := DATA 3
states that stresses shall be less than 179 MPa peak to peak,
or 89.6 MPa zero to peak, and is normally used with a safety
factor of 2. - Piping Vibration Analysis - a tutorial from the
19th Turbomachinery Symposium

1 .10
4

s is ASME VIII-2 polished

bar S-N curve (amplitude);
s
s/2 reflects a safety factor
of 2 on stress or 20 on s
1 .10
3
number of cycles; 2
S( N)
S(N) is Markl's fatigue
calculation for carbon steel SA( N)
2
SA(N)/2 is expansion 100
OM3
allowable adjusted from
range to amplitude; API618

OM3 and API618 are

recommended maximum
stress amplitudes 10
1 .10 1 .10 1 .10 1 .10
3 4 5 6
10 100
n, n, N, N, n, n