11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions: Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 12e (Marieb)
Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System
11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions
Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: E
Page Ref: 364
Bloom's: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: A
Page Ref: 364
3) The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: C
Page Ref: 364
4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: B
Page Ref: 36
5) The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
Answer: D
Page Ref: 364
2
6) The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.
A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium
Answer: D
Page Ref: 364
7) The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.
A) left atrioventricular groove
B) interatrial septum
C) interventricular septum
D) right atrioventricular groove
Answer: C
Page Ref: 364
8) The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and
is oriented toward the left hip.
A) base
B) mediastinum
C) apex
D) pericardium
Answer: C
Page Ref: 357
9) What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) fibrous pericardium
D) endocardium
Answer: B
Page Ref: 358
10) The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two
inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
A) ventricles; atria
B) atria; ventricles
C) arteries; veins
D) veins; arteries
Answer: B
Page Ref: 358
3
11) Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A) pulmonary semilunar valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) bicuspid (mitral) valve
D) aortic semilunar valve
Answer: B
Page Ref: 363
12) Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360
13) The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left
side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.
A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) pulmonary
D) coronary
Answer: C
Page Ref: 360
14) What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of
the ventricles?
A) chordae tendineae
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) myocardium
Answer: A
Page Ref: 361
15) Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta
called ________.
A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) coronary arteries
D) venae cavae
Answer: C
Page Ref: 363
4
16) The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more
powerful systemic pump of the heart.
A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360
17) Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the
aorta into the heart?
A) bicuspid (mitral) valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) pulmonary semilunar valve
D) aortic semilunar valve
Answer: D
Page Ref: 363
18) Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?
A) coronary sinus
B) marginal artery
C) circumflex artery
D) anterior interventricular artery
Answer: A
Page Ref: 363
19) The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side
of the heart known as the ________.
A) pulmonary vein
B) inferior vena cava
D) coronary sinus
Answer: D
Page Ref: 363
5
20) Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart?
A) Purkinje fibers
B) sinoatrial (SA) node
C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
D) atrioventricular (AV) node
Answer: B
Page Ref: 365
21) The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 0.8
D) 0.3
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
22) Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA)
node?
A) QRS
B) T
C) P
D) S-T
Answer: C
Page Ref: 367
23) The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
A) semilunar
B) pulmonary
C) atrioventricular (AV)
D) aortic
Answer: C
Page Ref: 366
24) Which term means heart contraction?

A) diastole
B) tachycardia
C) systole
D) fibrillation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
6
25) During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.
A) ventricles
B) lungs
C) aorta
D) pulmonary trunk
Answer: A
Page Ref: 365
26) The normal resting heart rate is about ________ times per minute.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 105
Answer: C
Page Ref: 365
27) What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?
A) heart rate (HR)
B) stroke volume (SV)
C) cardiac output (CO)
D) blood pressure (BP)
Answer: B
Page Ref: 367
28) The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and
causes the ________.
A) heart rate to decrease
B) heart rate to increase, then decrease
C) heart rate to increase
D) blood pressure to increase
Answer: A
Page Ref: 368, 369
29) What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
D) venae cavae
Answer: A
Page Ref: 370
7
30) Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is
affected?
A) tunica intima
B) tunica externa
C) tunica media
D) tunica adventitia
Answer: C
Page Ref: 370
31) Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of
the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________
arteries and veins.
A) systemic
B) hepatic
C) coronary
D) pulmonary
Answer: D
Page Ref: 370
32) What drains capillary beds?

A) venules
B) venae cavae
C) arterioles
D) arteries
Answer: A
Page Ref: 370
33) Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

A) tunics
B) sphincters
C) valves
D) shunts
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
34) What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

A) pulmonary circulation
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) systemic circulation
D) microcirculation
Answer: D
Page Ref: 372
8
35) What is largest artery in the body?
A) brachiocephalic artery
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) common carotid artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 373
36) What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins?
A) ovaries
B) kidneys
C) testes
D) lungs
Answer: B
Page Ref: 374
37) What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis?
A) external iliac vein
B) great saphenous vein
C) internal iliac vein
D) anterior tibial vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
38) Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right
atrium of the heart.
A) superior vena cava
C) common iliac vein
D) great saphenous vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
39) The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the
________.
A) hepatic vein
B) hepatic portal vein
C) renal vein
D) inferior vena cava
Answer: B
Page Ref: 376, 379
9
40) Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the
brain?
A) external carotid artery
B) internal carotid artery
C) external iliac artery
D) subclavian artery
Answer: B
Page Ref: 374, 378
41) The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.
A) hepatic portal vein
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical artery
Answer: B
Page Ref: 389
42) The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted
directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.
A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) foramen ovale
Answer: D
Page Ref: 389
43) Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?
A) blood pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 388
10
44) The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left
ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________.
A) cardiac output
B) pulse
C) pressure point
D) stroke volume
Answer: B
Page Ref: 380
45) What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?
A) vasodilation
B) no effect
C) vasoconstriction
D) vasodilation, then vasoconstriction
Answer: C
Page Ref: 382
46) Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as
________.
A) hypertension (high blood pressure)
B) orthostatic hypotension
C) circulatory shock
D) myocardial infarction
Answer: A
Page Ref: 385
47) Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw
fluid into the capillary bed.
A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure
B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure
C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure
D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure
Answer: B
Page Ref: 388
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11.2 Multiple Choice Part II Questions
1) The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.
A) mediastinum
B) hiatus
C) pleural cavity
D) hilus
E) diaphragm
Answer: A
Page Ref: 357
2) The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is
________.
A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
E) either endocardium or epicardium
Answer: C
Page Ref: 358
3) Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
A) body
B) digestive organs
C) skin
D) lungs
E) brain
Answer: D
Page Ref: 360
4) Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?
A) pulmonary arteries
B) superior vena cava
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins
E) inferior vena cava
Answer: D
Page Ref: 360
12
5) Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
A) oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) oxygenated blood to the heart
D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart
Answer: B
Page Ref: 360
6) What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?
A) interventricular septum
B) interatrial septum
C) bicuspid valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) chordae tendineae
Answer: A
Page Ref: 360
7) An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________.
A) right ventricle to the right atrium
B) left ventricle to the left atrium
C) aorta to the left ventricle
D) aorta to the left atrium
E) pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle
Answer: C
Page Ref: 363
8) The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D) left ventricle and aorta
E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361
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9) The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________.
A) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure
B) the atria contract
C) the ventricles fill with blood
D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
E) atrial systole occurs
Answer: D
Page Ref: 362
10) Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A) superior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary artery
E) pulmonary vein
Answer: E
Page Ref: 360
11) Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
A) mitral valve
B) aortic semilunar valve
C) bicuspid valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) tricuspid valve
Answer: B
Page Ref: 363
12) Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?
A) circumflex and marginal arteries
B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries
D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries
Answer: D
Page Ref: 363
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13) The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________.
A) aorta
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) interventricular septum
Answer: B
Page Ref: 365
14) Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in
the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of
His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA)
node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV)
node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV)
node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of
His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Answer: E
Page Ref: 365
Bloom's: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
15) Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the
heart?
A) coronary sulcus
B) coronary artery
C) coronary sinus
D) circumflex artery
E) pulmonary vein
Answer: C
Page Ref: 363
16) All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase
known as ________.
A) atrial systole
B) isovolumetric contraction
C) ventricular systole
D) ventricular diastole
E) atrial diastole
Answer: B
Page Ref: 366
15
17) The mitral valve is normally closed ________.
A) when the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) when the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle
E) when the ventricle is relaxed
Answer: B
Page Ref: 361, 366
18) Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?

A) heart rate and blood pressure
B) heart rate and stroke volume
C) contraction and relaxation
D) diastole and systole
E) blood pressure and peripheral resistance
Answer: B
Page Ref: 367
19) The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
A) opening of the heart valves
B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
C) blood rushing through the chambers
D) closure of heart valves
E) contraction of the heart
Answer: D
Page Ref: 366
20) The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the
________.
A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 367
16
21) The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.
A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
Answer: E
Page Ref: 370
22) You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a
problem with the ________.
A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) left bundle branch
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
E) sinoatrial (SA) node
Answer: E
Page Ref: 367
23) Which of the following increases heart rate?

A) low levels of calcium
B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
C) vagus nerve stimulation
D) cold
E) epinephrine
Answer: E
Page Ref: 368-369
24) Veins ________.

A) carry blood away from the heart
B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
C) transport oxygen-rich blood
D) operate under high pressure
E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Answer: E
Page Ref: 370
17
25) Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) venules
Answer: C
Page Ref: 372
26) The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are
________.
A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
Answer: C
Page Ref: 370-371
27) Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?
A) right subclavian artery
B) left internal carotid artery
C) right pulmonary artery
D) left brachiocephalic artery
E) right and left coronary arteries
Answer: E
Page Ref: 374
28) Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?
A) brachiocephalic artery
B) left subclavian artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right common carotid artery
E) thoracic aorta
Answer: D
Page Ref: 374
18
29) Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?
A) splenic artery
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac trunk
D) femoral artery
E) hepatic artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
30) Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left
arm?
A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery
B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery
C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries
E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
31) The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.
A) armpit
B) groin
C) neck
D) abdomen
E) leg
Answer: C
Page Ref: 374
32) Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

A) brachiocephalic vein
B) renal vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) common iliac vein
E) great saphenous vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
19
33) Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein?
A) popliteal vein
B) common iliac vein
D) hepatic portal vein
E) external iliac vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
34) What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein?
A) liver
B) kidney
C) pancreas
D) large intestine
E) brain
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376, 379
35) The brachial vein ________.

A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein
B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena
cava
C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein
D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava
E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein
Answer: A
Page Ref: 376
36) What does the umbilical vein carry?

A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta
B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus
C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta
D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava
Answer: D
Page Ref: 389
20
37) Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left
atrium?
A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) umbilical vein
C) foramen ovale
D) ductus arteriosus
E) ductus venosus
Answer: C
Page Ref: 389
38) Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?

A) renal artery
B) radial artery
C) facial artery
D) dorsalis pedis artery
E) posterior tibial artery
Answer: A
Page Ref: 381
39) Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?
A) veins
B) capillaries
C) venae cavae
D) arteries
E) arterioles
Answer: C
Page Ref: 382
40) The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.
A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) peripheral resistance
D) blood pressure
E) diastolic pressure
Answer: C
Page Ref: 382
21
41) Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure?
A) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
B) cold
C) alcohol
D) epinephrine
E) angiotensin II
Answer: C
Page Ref: 384
42) Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the
kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume?
A) glucagon
B) thyroxine
C) epinephrine
D) aldosterone
E) antidiuretic hormone
Answer: D
Page Ref: 384
43) Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling
across a capillary wall?
A) diffusion through intercellular clefts
B) direct diffusion through the plasma membrane
C) transport via vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis
D) active transport using proteins and ATP
E) diffusion through the pores of fenestrated capillaries
Answer: D
Page Ref: 387
44) Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because
________.
A) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
B) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the venule end of the capillary
C) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
D) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the venule end of the capillary
E) interstitial pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary
Answer: C
Page Ref: 388
22
45) Coronary artery disease results from ________.
A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart
B) the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels
C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart
D) incompetent venous valves
E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions
Answer: B
Page Ref: 392
11.3 True/False Questions
1) The heart is enclosed by three membranes: an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous
membrane pair.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 357
2) Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 360
3) The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 361
4) The functional blood supply that oxygenates the myocardium is provided by the right and left
coronary arteries.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 363
5) The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are
contracting.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 362-363
6) The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 365
23
7) During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries
connected to the heart.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 366
8) The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the
ventricles contract.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 366
9) The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly transmits impulses to the
walls of the ventricles is the Purkinje fibers.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 365
10) The QRS wave on an electrocardiogram is representative of ventricular repolarization.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 367
11) The average heart beats approximately 75 times each minute at rest.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 367
12) During ventricular diastole, the bicuspid and tricuspid (mitral) valves are closed.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 366
13) Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one
minute.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 367
14) Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 368
24
15) An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 368
16) From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries,
are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 370-371
17) Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.

Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 370, 372
18) Exchanges between blood and tissue cells occur in capillary beds.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 372
19) When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and
bypasses the tissue cells in that region.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 372-373
20) The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending
aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 373-374
21) The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid
artery, and the left subclavian artery.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 374
22) The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 374, 376
25
23) The radial and ulnar veins ultimately drain into the superior vena cava.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 376
24) The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 376
25) The hepatic veins drain the blood from the liver and return it to the inferior vena cava.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 376, 379
26) The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 379
27) The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior
mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 379
28) The umbilical vein carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 389
29) In fetal circulation, blood travels directly from the right atrium to the left atrium through the
foramen ovale.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 389
30) A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systolic
pressure.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 382
26
31) Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena
cavae.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 382
32) Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.

Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 385
33) Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus
prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 388
27
11.4 Matching Questions
Match the following:
A) left atrium
B) right atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right ventricle
1) Heart chamber with the thickest wall

Page Ref: 360
2) Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart

Page Ref: 358
3) Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

Page Ref: 360, 362
4) Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node

Page Ref: 364, 365
5) The bicuspid (mitral) valve is situated between the left atrium and this chamber
Page Ref: 361
6) The coronary sinus empties blood from cardiac circulation into this chamber
Page Ref: 363
7) The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

Page Ref: 360, 370
8) The interatrial septum separates the right atrium from this chamber
Page Ref: 360
Answers: 1) C 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) A 8) A
28
A) QRS wave
B) T wave
C) P wave
9) Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization

Page Ref: 367
10) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization

Page Ref: 367
11) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization

Page Ref: 367
12) Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node
Page Ref: 367
Answers: 9) A 10) C 11) B 12) C
29
A) ventricular diastole
B) ventricular systole
13) Semilunar valves are forced open as pressure in the heart rises
Page Ref: 366
14) Blood is ejected from the ventricles through the pulmonary trunk and aorta
Page Ref: 366
15) The atrioventricular (AV) valves are open

Page Ref: 365
16) Pressure in the heart is low

Page Ref: 365
17) Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises

Page Ref: 366
18) Ventricular contraction

Page Ref: 366
Answers: 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) A 17) B 18) B
30
A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
19) These vessels carry blood away from the heart

Page Ref: 370
20) These vessels return blood to the heart

Page Ref: 370
21) Superior and inferior vena cava are classified as these types of vessels
Page Ref: 376
22) The aorta is classified as one of these vessels

Page Ref: 373
23) These vessels have thicker walls and a heavier tunica media
Page Ref: 371
24) Microcirculation occurs in these vessels

Page Ref: 372
25) Due to low pressure in these vessels, skeletal muscle activity aids the return of blood by
milking it along in these vessels toward the heart
Page Ref: 372
26) These vessels have thinner walls and transport oxygen-poor blood
Page Ref: 372
27) Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow

Page Ref: 372
28) Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels

Page Ref: 372
31
Answers: 19) A 20) C 21) C 22) A 23) A 24) B 25) C 26) C 27) C 28) B
11.5 Essay Questions
1) Trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium,
through the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. Identify the chambers,
valves, and vessels (except specific systemic blood vessels that are not directly associated with
the heart), and indicate whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated in each area.
Answer: Deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary
tricuspid valve, deoxygenated blood in the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood through the
pulmonary semilunar valve, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary trunk, deoxygenated blood in
the right and left pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary capillaries in the
lungs, oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood in the left atrium, oxygenated
blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve, oxygenated blood in the left ventricle, oxygenated
blood through the aortic semilunar valve, oxygenated blood in the aorta, oxygenated blood in the
systemic arteries, oxygenated blood in the systemic arterioles, oxygenated blood in the systemic
capillaries, deoxygenated blood in the systemic venules, deoxygenated blood in the systemic
veins, deoxygenated blood in the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus,
deoxygenated blood in the right atrium.
Page Ref: 358, 360
2) Identify the five major parts of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart in their normal
order, beginning with the pacemaker.
Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium, atrioventricular (AV) node at the junction of
the atria and ventricles, atrioventricular (AV) bundle or bundle of His in the interventricular
septum, right and left bundle branches in the interventricular septum, Purkinje fibers in the
muscle of the ventricle walls.
Page Ref: 364-365
3) Amanda is exercising and noticed her heart rate has nearly doubled from her resting heart rate
of 68 beats per minute. Explain what effects her increased heart rate will have on cardiac output.
Answer: Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV).
When heart rate increases, as is the case for Amanda since she is exercising, the cardiac output
will also increase. Exercise is a physical factor that leads to this increase.
Page Ref: 367, 368
4) Describe how arteries, capillaries and veins are structurally different.

Answer: Arterial walls are thicker, heavier, stronger, and stretchy enough to handle expansion
and recoil as blood under high pressure is transported. Veins have thinner walls; these vessels
operate under low or even negative pressure. The lumens of veins are larger than those of
corresponding arteries. Veins also have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Capillaries are
composed of only the tunica intima and are only one cell layer thick.
Page Ref: 372
32
5) Explain what is meant by a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg.
Answer: Blood pressure is reported in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) with the higher systolic
pressure (120 mm Hg) written first. The pressure reading of 120/80 translates to a systolic
pressure of 120 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg. Systolic pressure is the pressure in
the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction while diastolic pressure is the pressure in the
arteries when the ventricles are relaxing.
Page Ref: 381
6) Name two shunts that bypass the lungs in a fetus. Briefly explain the structures these shunts
connect.
Answer:
1. The foramen ovale is a flap-like opening between the right atrium and the left atrium of the
fetal heart. Some of the blood entering the right atrium flows directly into the left atrium,
bypassing pulmonary circulation.
2. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Blood that
happens to enter the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary trunk, supposedly on its way to
the lungs. However, that blood is transported from the pulmonary trunk through ductus arteriosus
into the aorta.
Page Ref: 389
7) Describe the two types of pressures controlling fluid movement in a capillary bed. Explain the
role of each pressure in fluid movement.
Answer: Blood pressure forces fluids and solutes out of capillaries while osmotic pressure pulls
fluid back into capillaries. Osmotic pressure is created by plasma proteins in the blood. At the
arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, so fluids and solutes
are pushed out of the capillary and into the interstitial space. As fluid is forced out of the
capillary, blood pressure drops. Therefore, at the venous end of the capillary, osmotic pressure is
higher than blood pressure so fluid is pulled back into the capillary from the interstitial space at
the venous end.
Page Ref: 388
33

11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions: Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

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11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions: Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

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Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 12e (Marieb)

Chapter 11 The Cardiovascular System

11.1 Multiple Choice Part I Questions

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:

1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

3) The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

5) The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

9) What is the muscular layer of the heart wall?

24) Which term means heart contraction?

32) What drains capillary beds?

33) Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

34) What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?

8) The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

18) Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?

23) Which of the following increases heart rate?

24) Veins ________.

32) Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

35) The brachial vein ________.

36) What does the umbilical vein carry?

38) Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point?

11.3 True/False Questions

10) The QRS wave on an electrocardiogram is representative of ventricular repolarization.

17) Capillaries are composed only of tunica intima.

22) The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.

32) Hypotension is diastolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg.

Match the following:

1) Heart chamber with the thickest wall

2) Inferior discharging chamber on the left side of the heart

3) Heart chamber that pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk

4) Heart chamber that contains the sinoatrial node

7) The four pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to this chamber

9) Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization

10) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization

11) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization

Answers: 9) A 10) C 11) B 12) C

15) The atrioventricular (AV) valves are open

16) Pressure in the heart is low

17) Atrioventricular (AV) valves shut as pressure in the heart rises

18) Ventricular contraction

Answers: 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) A 17) B 18) B

19) These vessels carry blood away from the heart

20) These vessels return blood to the heart

22) The aorta is classified as one of these vessels

24) Microcirculation occurs in these vessels

27) Some of these larger vessels have valves to prevent backflow

28) Venules drain these tiny beds of vessels

11.5 Essay Questions

4) Describe how arteries, capillaries and veins are structurally different.

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