International Journal of Management (IJM)

Volume 11, Issue 3, March 2020, pp. 220–226, Article ID: IJM_11_03_023
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ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510

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WATER CONSERVATION AND GROWTH

Dr. Hemant Sharma
Professor, Amity University, Haryana, India

Krishan Kumar
Research Scholar, Amity University Haryana, India

Reena Rani
Assistant Professor, Govt. College for Girls Sec-14 Gurugram, India

ABSTRACT
Among the many natural resources water is the most important resource .Without
water we cannot survive for more than few hours .level of groundwater is going down
at a very fast speed and If this continues the day will come when there will be a third
world war for the water itself . Water is not equally spread over all the areas in a
country or in the world. The people of Arabian countries know how difficult it is to get
water in proper quantity. In our country also there are some areas which do not have
water in abundance, whereas the people of other areas use water without any limit of
wasting it, thinking that it will never be in shortage in future .But the situation is not
so. This is the time to wake up. if we still remain asleep there will be crisis of water
everywhere. We should try to make every effort to conserve this natural resource.
Government is also taking steps to conserve water but government alone can do
nothing. No doubt government alone can take big steps in this direction but the small-
small steps by each one of us will make a big difference in the direction of
conservation of this natural resource. Rainwater harvesting is one of the way to
conserve water which should be adopted in every Government and private
organization as a rule by the government. provision should also be made for subsidies
on loan and purchase of raw material while construction of apartments for adoption
of measure of water conservation. Government can motivate the individuals in
numerous ways for water conservation. There is deficiency of these motivators on the
part of government in this direction to encourage people for water conservation
Keywords: water conservation, motivators, rainwater harvesting
Cite this Article: Dr. Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani, Water
Conservation and Growth, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (3), 2020,
pp. 220–226.
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 Dr. Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani

1. INTRODUCTION
Growth rate measurement is helpful to see the tendency of way on which we are going.
Actually it gives us a future prospective by analyzing past trends. It’s also help full for
comparisons perspective. This study focuses on the growth of a country. There are many
methods of measurement of growth. An important method is GDP or national income
measurement. In this research study it is tried to be find out if there is any relationship
between growth rate and water conservation.
The water consumption in India is not dependent on demand for water but on the supply
of water provided by the municipalities and people adjust their needs according to it. As the
water crisis looms large over several Indian cities Gurugram too stares at serious scarcity in
the next decade. As per GMDA estimates demand for water in the City is expected to increase
four times by 2031 from the current 400 million litre Per day to 1650 MLD on account of an
increase in population and heightened construction activity in Gurugram Manesar urban
complex. Gurugram current population is around 22 lakh and is expected to increase 45 lakh
by 2031. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards the per capita consumption of water is 145
litre per person per day of which only 45 litre goes towards kitchen use and remaining for non
kitchen purpose .The number are alarming given the acute shortage of water in several areas
of the city. GMDA plan to meet the need of non drinking uses with recycled water at least
partially around 25% of demand is estimated to be meet by recycle water by 2031 .In order to
distribute recycled water a distribution pipeline is required to be set. Gurugram has no water
source of its own it gets water from two channels, one is NCR water channel with the capacity
of 175 cusec and another is gurugram water supply channel with the capacity of 500 caused.
There are 3 boosting station in the City ,In Sector 5 16 and 51 which receive water from Basai
, Chandu and Budhera.One more boosting station is under construction in sector 75 to meet
the water demand in new sectors. In order to motivate gurugram resident for water
conservation a website and a helpline of Guru Jal project was launched. Social media
campaign ''panch litre challenge'' which encourages saving water at individual level is
launched. Under this challenge every citizen has to conserve five litre of water everyday and
tag his friend and relative to do so as well. Every citizen need to contribute for water
conservation and report on misuse of water whenever they see it. People can also file
complaint about water leakage, illegal bore well ,over exploitation of groundwater etc on the
website and helpline. In spite of the efforts of gurugram Administration other department
should also work jointly and document the work done by them .All department should fix
their target under the jalshakti Abhiyan and prepare and action plan to achieve them. All these
efforts of Haryana government will boost the the jalshakti vision of Prime Minister Narendra
Modi. Haryana government has decided to launch the special campaign in 81 dark zone block
of 19 district of the state from July 1st to September 15 which will be run later in the entire
state under the Jalshakti Abhiyan .Rain water will be collected and recharging of groundwater
will be done. Apart from this water will also be conserved by installing digital water metre.
Plantation is also an important goal under the Jalshakti campaign. With an estimate of 500
plants for every village a target has been set to plant 30 lakh saplings in the rural area of the
state. Digital water metre will be installed on the tube well of the panchayat and Public Health
engineering department to save water. It is mandatory to setup rooftop rainwater harvesting
system at the time of construction of new buildings. In the same way it should be made
mandatory for older buildings so that the maximum water storage is possible. In Gurugram
the municipal corporation has empanelled agencies through which rainwater harvesting
system are being constructed and maintained in buildings. Student of schools and colleges
should also be approached Jal Shakti campaign so that they could also make aware of saving
water.

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 Water Conservation and Growth

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To understand the meaning of water conservation
To analysis the water availability issues
To find out the relationship between growth and water expenditure
To recommend some solutions for water conservation

3. METHODOLOGY USED
In this research secondary data are used for the objective of the study. This research is
analytical and qualitative in nature. Secondary data has been composed through published
material available online or through libraries in the form of books, reports and accessed
journal etc. Based on literature, hypotheses were established to find out relationships between
Growthand water conservation issues. The data has been collected through online or personal
data collection method and the hypotheses will be verified through different statistical tools.

4. WATER CONSERVATION - IT CAN BE DEFINED AS UNDER

Reduction in the loss, use or wastage of water that is beneficial for the mankind Reduction in
the use of water by implementing water conservation or water efficiency measures.
Developing management practices that will enhance the use of water in a beneficial way.
This will reduce the demand of water which is increasing at a fast speed. Cost benefit analysis
must be done before using any device, technology, or improved design or process to reduce
water loss, waste or use.

5. MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Water Availability (Ecological Issue)

Table 1 Water Availability Reduction (in Cubic Meter and in %)

WATER AVAILABILITY (IN REDUCTION
YEAR CUBIC METER) (IN %)
2001 1816
2011 1545 15%
s2015 1474 19%
2025 1401 23%
2050 1191 34%
(Source: Office of the Registrar General, India, Yojana Aayog, selected socio economics statistics,
India - 2017) (Source: central ground water board (GCWB)
Above table is showing an actual and projected trend of water level availability and water
level reduction as water level availability and reduction (in %) in 1816 cubic meter in 2001
that reduced to 1191 cubic meter and 34% in 2050 respectively.

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 Dr. Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani

Figure 1 Water Availability Reduction

Above figure is showing actual and projected trend of water level availability and water
level reduction as water level availability and reduction (in %) in 1816 cubic meter in 2001
that reduced to 1191 cubic meter and 34% in 2050 respectively.

Table 1 Water Expenditure (In Crore)

Water Expenditure (in
Year Crore)
2010 - 11 62.3
2011 - 12 80.4
2012 - 13 78.4
2013 - 14 86.5
2014 - 15 86.5
2015 - 16 139.3
2016 - 17 116.7
2017 - 18 327.5
2018 - 19 343.3
2019 - 20 398.9
(Source: Ministry of Statistical and Programme and Implementation Planning Commission Govt. of
India)
As shown by the above table Water expenditure showing increasing trend as its 62.3 crore
in 2010 – 11 and increased to 398.9 crore in 2019 – 20.

Figure 2 Per Capita Water Availability in India (Actual and Projected)

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 Water Conservation and Growth

Above diagram showing the Per Capita Water availability’s decreasing trend (actual and
projected) as it was 1816 cubic meter in 2001 that reduced to 1191 cubic meter in 2050.

Table 2 Regression Analysis – GDP and Expenditure

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.894788
R Square 0.800646
Adjusted R Square 0.772167
Standard Error 52.21325
Observations 9
ANOVA
Df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 76643.38 76643.38 28.11339 0.001121
Residual 7 19083.56 2726.223
Total 8 95726.94
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95%
Intercept -200.514 67.77044 -2.95873 0.021143 -360.766 -40.2628
GDP(in
billion) 0.040952 0.007724 5.302206 0.001121 0.022688 0.059215

H0: There is not any significant difference between GDP Growth Rate and Water Expenditure
H1: There is significant difference between GDP Growth Rate improvement and Water
expenditure
Regression analysis was carried out to identify water expenditure reduction. Analysis
reveals that there is significant positive relationship between the GDP Growth rate and water
expenditure reduction as r (8) = 0.894788, p= .001121 and df = 8(9-1). Hence null hypothesis
was failed to reject that significant difference between GDP Growth Rate improvement and
water expenditure inclination.

6. GOAL OF WATER CONSERVATION

Following are the goals of water conservation efforts:
1. Sustainability - water should be available for future generation also in sufficient quantity.
Therefor its usage rate should not be more than its natural replacement rate.
2. Energy conservation - Management of water require consumption of energy in its pumping,
delivery, and treatment of waste water. Over 15% of total electricity is consumed in water
management itself in some regions of the world.
3. Habitat conservation -freshwater habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl can be
preserved by management of water by using different conservation technologies.

7. CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES
Water conservation technologies aims at matching the supply of water with its demand and
these techniques may be demand oriented, supply oriented or management oriented. Which
technology will be used for water conservation will depend upon the field of its usage whether
it is used for domestic, irrigation or industrial purpose. Following are the some techniques
1. Rainwater harvesting- it means to collect the rainwater to increase water supply. It will
artificially recharge the groundwater level to have self sufficiency to water supply, the cost of
pumping groundwater will also be reduced .We will be able to get high quality water ,soft and

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 Dr. Hemant Sharma, Krishan Kumar and Reena Rani

low mineral water through dilution when recharged. Problem of soil erosion and flooding will
also be reduced. In saline or coastal areas the measure provides good quality water.
2. Better irrigation practices- water is very much essential for the growth of plants and crops.
Salinity in water is increasing day by day due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. People are using various techniques of water harvesting and recharging according
to their region to tackle the problem. Overhead irrigation, using Center-pivot or lateral-
moving sprinklers, give a much more equal and controlled distribution pattern .Drip irrigation
is best water delivery method but it is most expensive and least used.
3. Use of saline water for irrigation- we should develop those variety of crops that is salt
resistant so that saline water can be widely used without any restriction for watering plants
and crops.
4. Mulching- organic and inorganic materials such as plant debris and compost improve the
soil moisture so that evaporation of water can be reduced and soil fertility can be improved.
5. Tippy Tap for water conservation - it is a tap which helps a through hand wash using a
limited amount of water. Normal tap require 300 to 500 ml of water for hand wash but if tippy
tap is used only 60 to 80 ml of water is used.
6. propagation of Dry Garden/ ecolawns- In the direction of water conservation an effective
step is plantation of drought resistant plant species.
7. Soak pit construction -soak pit should be constructed near waterpoints like hand pumps
This will work like a sanitation measure as well as will help in recharging of groundwater .
8. Tree plantation- Tree plantation is one of the most useful technique for water conservation.
9 .Long distance transfer of water- Interlinking various river is also a strategy for transfer of
water from surplus basins to that area where is shortage of water.

7.1. At our Level what we can do for Water Conservation

1. We should use only that amount of water which is necessary, tap should not be left open
while brushing, shaving, washing hands. Leaking tap should be replaced or repaired timely.
2. That model of washing machine should be used which require less amount of water, and
tap should not be running all the time while washing dishes and clothes.
3. Water in which fruit and vegetables have been washed should be used to water flower and
plants.
4 .water left in the water bottle should not be thrown, that should be used for watering plants .
5. Water must be reused as much as possible.
6. Water conservation habits and attitude should be followed and inculcated in children.
7. We should try to save every drop of water.

8. CONCLUSION
Water cannot be conserved by the effort of a single agency may it be government, family,
industry etc. It should be our collective effort to make a markable difference in the direction
of water conservation .We should not think that we are conserving water for others but we
should think that we are conserving it for our future generation. Before it is too late, let all of
us as individual, families, communities, companies and Institutions; take a pledge today that
we will use water wisely. Using water wisely itself is a big step in the direction of water
conservation which do not require any cost, the thing it require is a change in our attitude.

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 Water Conservation and Growth

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