QUALIFY WITH THE

AN/PAS-13B(TWS)

THERMAL WEAPON SIGHT

 TWS TRAINING
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
2. CHARACTERISTICS
3. PMCS
4. OPERATION
5. TARGET PREPARATION
6. ZEROING PROCEDURES
7. QUALIFICATION STANDARDS
8. PRACTICAL EXERCISE
9. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TEST
10. WRITTEN TEST
11. PRACTICE QUAL. AND QUALIFICATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
NEAR INFRARED
MIDDLE INFRARED
FAR INFRARED

THERMAL INFRARED - VIEWED WITH TWS

PAQ-4C LIGHT VIEWED WITH NVGS
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
ANY OBJECT WITH A TEMP ABOVE ABSOLUTE
ZERO DEGREES EMITS THERMAL LIGHT
(ABS 0 = -459.6º F)
A ROCK IN THE SUN = YES
A ROCK IN THE SHADE = YES
A ROCK IN THE SNOW = YES
A ROCK WITH A TEMP < ABS 0 = NO
RASTER IR FACTORS
•EXPOSURE - AMOUNT OF IR EXPOSURE
• ABSORPTION- AMOUNT OF IR ABSORBED
•EMISSIVITY - RATE OF IR DISCHARGE OR HEAT
•BRIGHTNESS - ADJUST TO BEST PICTURE
•CONTRAST - ADJUST TO BEST PICTURE
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
THERMAL INFRARED DETECTION PROCESS

1. ABSORBS AVAILABLE LIGHT INTO LENS

2. FILTERS OUT ALL LIGHT EXCEPT THERMAL IR
3. CONVERTS THERMAL IR INTO VISUAL IMAGE
4. CREATES VIDEO IMAGE SUITABLE FOR VIEWING
5. ENHANCE IMAGE WITH BRIGHTNESS KNOB
6. ENHANCE IMAGE WITH CONTRAST KNOB
7. POLARITY OPTION FOR USER

NOTE: FAST SCANNING MAY CAUSE STUTTERING

 DIURNAL CYCLE
INANIMATE OBJECTS
CROSSOVER POINTS ABSORBING
LIGHT FROM
SUN

RE-RADIATING
LIGHT

M 4 AM 8 NOON 4 PM 8 M

“CROSS OVER POINTS” WHEN INANIMATE OBJECTS

APPROACH THE SAME TEMPERATURE
THERMAL CUES

ENGINE
TIRES
SUSPENSION
 CARRYING BAG
REMOVE THE TWS

ZIPPER
COOLING PINS
TORQUE LIMITING KNOB
 CHARACTERISTICS
MEDIUM

4.2 LBS - MTWS

4.5 LBS - HTWS
RUNS SILENT
PASSIVE
BATTERY COMPARTMENT
RAIL GRABBER
HEAVY
COOLING PINS
PURGE CAP
LENS COVER
I/O PORT
 CHARACTERISTICS
BATTERY INSTALLATION
BB-2847

BATTERY CHARGE LEVEL 1-5

UP TO 10 hrs WITH A BATTERY CHANGE
IN EMERGENCY MODE BATTERY LIFE IS
APPROXIMATELY HALVED. +-+
WARNING: LITHIUM BATTERY + WATER =EXPLOSION
 CHARACTERISTICS
BRIGHTNESS KNOB

TURNS TWS ON AND OFF (PUSH IN TO TURN ON)

STARTS TWO MINUTE COOL DOWN PERIOD
DEFAULTS TO STANDBY MODE
ADJUSTS BRIGHTNESS OF RASTER
LOW BRIGHTNESS INCREASES RESOLUTION
PUSH IN TO TURN OFF
 CHARACTERISTICS
COOL DOWN PERIOD

COOLS SYSTEM TO OPERATING TEMPERATURE(-144º F)

2 MINUTES = NORMAL COOL DOWN PERIOD
SENSOR COOLING = DISPLAYED ON THE RASTER
DEFAULTS TO WHITE HOT
FOV IS DETERMINED BY FOV RING’S LAST POSITION
 CHARACTERISTICS
EYEPIECE ASSEMBLY

EYECUP
REDUCES LIGHT EMISSION
TURNS ON THE RASTER

DIOPTER - FOCUSES RASTER TO USER’S EYE

NOTE: WHEN FOCUSING RASTER CLOSE LENS COVER

 CHARACTERISTICS
STANDBY MODE

EYECUP IS NOT DEPRESSED

SAVES BATTERY LIFE BY TURNING THE SIGHT OFF

KEEPS ONLY COOLING SYSTEM OPERATING

OCCURS AFTER 30 SECONDS OF INACTIVITY

 CHARACTERISTICS
ON MODE

ACTIVATES WHEN EYE CUP IS DEPRESSED

THERE IS UP TO A 3 SECOND DELAY TO OBTAIN
CLEAR RASTER
STANDBY MODE ACTIVATES 30 SECONDS AFTER
EYE CUP IS RELEASED. ONLY THE COOLER
REMAINS ON IN STANDBY MODE.
 RASTER DISPLAY

NOTE: ALL OF THE DISPLAYS WILL NOT APPEAR

ON RASTER AT SAME TIME.
 CHARACTERISTICS
TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY
MTWS HTWS
W =1.7 N = 5 MAGNIFICATION W = 3.3 N = 10.0
W = 18 N = 6 FOV IN DEGREES W = 9 N= 3

COLLAR
FOV RING=WFOV/NFOV
OBJECTIVE FOCUS RING: 20M TO INFINITY
NOTE: FOV 1/2 TURNED LOSES RASTER PICTURE
 CHARACTERISTICS
ZOOM/RETICLE SELECT

THE FIELD OF VIEW TELESCOPE MAGNIFICATION

IS HALVED IN ZOOM MODE IS DOUBLED IN ZOOM MODE

•PRESS AND RELEASE TO ACTIVATE THE ZOOM MODE

•PRESS AND RELEASE TO DEACTIVATE ZOOM MODE
•PARTS OF SOME RETICLES CANNOT BE SEEN IN ZOOM
MODE WHILE IN NFOV
•THE ELECTRONIC ZOOM WILL DEFAULT TO THE
CENTER OF THE RETICLE
•WINDAGE AND ELEVATION ADJUSTMENTS ARE HALVED
MTWS M16 RETICLE W / TARGET AT 25 M
WFOV WFOV WITH 2X ZOOM

1.7 X MAGNIFICATION 3.4 X MAGNIFICATION

NFOV NFOV WITH 2X ZOOM

5 X MAGNIFICATION 10 X MAGNIFICATION
WINDAGE AND ELEVATION ADJUSTMENTS ARE HALVED WHILE IN ZOOM.
 CHARACTERISTICS
ZOOM/RETICLE SELECT

MTWS and HTWS

M16/M4 M16H SL ONLY
1 MIL (2) M2
M240 M24
M249 MK19
5 MIL (3) NO SCOPE

PRESS AND HOLD FOR FIVE SECONDS TO ACTIVATE.

SEQUENTIALLY SELECTS THE RETICLE.
PUSH AND RELEASE FOR NEXT RETICLE.
DISABLES AFTER 10 SECONDS OF INACTIVITY.
ALL RETICLES ARE AVAILABLE FOR BOTH MTWS AND HTWS.
 NO SCOPE
DISPLAY

IMAGE WILL
BECOME
M16 RETICLE INVERTED
AFTER A 10
SECOND
DELAY WHEN
TELESCOPE IS
INSTALLED

• The NO SCOPE reticle is provided to support the emergency

use of the TWS without a telescope.
• Do not use the NO SCOPE reticle unless an emergency
situation arises and the telescope is damaged and must be
removed.
• If raster image is inverted and the TWS is functioning properly,
ensure the TWS is not in the NO SCOPE reticle.
 CHARACTERISTICS
ZOOM/RETICLE SELECT

RETICLES THAT CHANGE WHEN FOV CHANGES

WFOV NFOV USER
M16H 1 MIL SQUAD LEADER
5 MIL M24 SNIPER
5 MIL MK19 MK19 GUNNER
5 MIL 1 MIL FORWARD OBS.
 M16/M4/MWS RETICLES
MEDIUM TWS
NARROW/WIDE FOV WEAPON

W M16

HEIGHT of 5 FOOT
300 METER
MAN at 300 METERS
AIM POINT
.

000L 000D

WINDAGE ELEVATION
NARROW = 1.7 WIDE = 5.0
NOTE: NARROW VIEW INSIDE BRACKETS
 M16/M4 SERIES RETICLES
SQUAD LEADERS ONLY
HEAVY TWS

10
1 MIL W M16H

20 10 10 20

10
000L 000D 000L 000D

300 METER AIM POINT

WIDE FOV NARROW FOV

3.3 MAGNIFICATION 10.0
 M249 RETICLE
HEIGHT of 5 FT MAN/WIDTH of 10 FT OBJECT
AT
200M 200M
N M249 W M249
100 METER

ZERO AIM POINT

IS 400 METERS

000L 000D 000L 000D

NARROW FOV WIDE FOV

•WHEN THE ELECTRONIC ZOOM IS USED IN THE NFOV, THE RETICLE SELECT/
FOV INDICATOR AND OTHER PARTS OF RETICLE ARE NOT VISIBLE.
•THE ELECTRONIC ZOOM WILL DEFAULT TO THE CENTER OF THE RETICLE.
 M240B RETICLES
HEIGHT of 5 FT MAN
WIDTH of 10 FT OBJECT
AT 200 METERS

N M240M W M240M

200 METER

200
METER
ZERO AIM POINT IS
500 METERS

000L 000D 000L 000D

NARROW FOV WIDE FOV

M2 .50 CAL RETICLES
HTWS
HEIGHT of 5 FOOT WIDTH OF 10 FOOT
MAN at 200 METERS OBJECT at 200 METERS

W M2

ZEROING AIM LINE

IS 500 METERS

Bracket Range
000L 000D
WIDE FOV
 M2 .50 CAL RETICLES
HEIGHT of 5 FOOT WIDTH OF 10 FOOT
MAN at 500 METERS OBJECT at 1400 METERS

N M2

000L 000D

NARROW FOV

NOTE: AT 1400 METERS SWITCH RANGE LEVER

FROM NEAR TO FAR
 CHARACTERISTICS
AZIMUTH AND ELEVATION

UP

RIGHT LEFT U5

L5 0 0 R5

DOWN
D5
PRESS AND HOLD IN ANY DIRECTION BUT STRAIGHT IN
FOR TWO SECONDS TO ACTIVATE.

THE SWITCH DISABLES AFTER TEN SECONDS OF

INACTIVITY.
CHARACTERISTICS
CONTRAST KNOB

ADJUSTS CONTRAST BETWEEN OBJECTS

NORMAL CONDITIONS - AUTO MODE
ADVERSE CONDITION - MANUAL MODE
ALSO ADJUST BRIGHTNESS KNOB TO
OBTAIN BEST IMAGE
 CHARACTERISTICS
EMERGENCY MODE

PRESS ON, PRESS OFF

KEEPS TWS ON CONTINUOUSLY / CRT WILL SHUT OFF
ELIMINATES THE 3 SECOND DELAY ON EYEPIECE
GREATLY REDUCES BATTERY LIFE BY APPROXIMATELY HALF
MUST BE IN THIS MODE TO USE THE I O PORT.
 CHARACTERISTICS
POLARITY SWITCH

WHITE HOT BLACK HOT

SYSTEM INITIALIZES TO WHITE HOT

BEST SETTING = PERSONAL PREFERENCE
 PMCS on the AN/PAS-13B
EXTERIOR CASE DIOPTER FOCUS RING
FOV RING EYEPIECE
FOCUS RING
LENS COVER
LENS

COLLAR
VIDEO PORT
MOUNTING SCREWS
 PMCS
RASTER CHECKS

DEAD
CHANNELS RETICLES
WHITE WINDAGE
ELEVATION
OR WPN SELECT
BLACK WHT/BLK HOT

RETICLE SELECT
RETICLE ADJUST
BRIGHTNESS
CONTRAST
EMERGENCY
 PMCS
BATTERY COMPARTMENT
CONTACTS LIMIT SPRINGS BATTERY DOOR
LATCH

STOP

GASKET
ENSURE BATTERY IS CHARGED
NOTE: IF BATTERY LOW LIGHT COMES ON AFTER
INSTALLATION CHECK FOR CORROSION
 PMCS
COOLING PINS

AIR FLOWS THROUGH THE PINS AND COOLS THE TWS

KEEP FREE OF MUD. IF ALL OF THE PINS ARE BROKEN
OFF THE TWS WILL CONTINUE TO FUNCTION.
 PMCS
TROUBLE SHOOTING

1. RASTER IS ON, JUST CAN NOT GET A PICTURE

2. RASTER WILL NOT COME ON
3. RASTER IS BLURRY
4. FOV IS TOO DARK CAN NOT SEE OBJECTS
5. CAN NOT TELL ONE OBJECT FROM ANOTHER
6. RASTER IS FOCUSED, TARGET IS BLURRY
7. RETICLE WILL NOT CHANGE
8. WINDAGE/ELEVATION WILL NOT CHANGE
9. BATTERY KEEPS GOING DEAD
10. BATTERY LOW LIGHT COMES ON IMMEDIATELY
AFTER FIRST TURNING THE SYSTEM ON

8. DEPRESS
5.
9. FOV
10.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4. ADJUST
ENSURE
CHECK
RETICLE
ADJUST
BATTERY
ADJUST
RINGCONTRAST.
FOR
EMERGENCY
ADJUST
DIOPTER
THE CORROSION.
BRIGHTNESS.
IS
IS ONLY
DEAD SWITCH
MODE
OBJECTIVE
FOCUS
TURNED IS
FOCUS
RING.FOR
HALF OFF.
2 SEC.
RING.
WAY
7. DEPRESS ZOOM/ RETICLE
SELECT SWITCH FOR 5 SEC.
 OPERATE THE TWS
1. INSTALL BATTERY/TURN ON 2. ADJUST DIOPTER
FOCUS RING
4. SET FOV RING
3. OPEN
LENS COVER

5. ADJUST OBJECTIVE 6. ADJUST BRIGHTNESS

FOCUS RING AND CONTRAST

NOTE: ENSURE BATTERY IS FULLY CHARGED

 OPERATION M16/M4
MOUNTING TWS

cable

spacer

M16A4/M4/MWS M16A2
NOTE: TIGHTEN RAIL GRABBER TWO CLICKS.
ENSURE CABLE IS FACING FORWARD WHEN USING
THE M16A2 BRACKET.
 OPERATION 249
MOUNTING

INTEGRATED FEED TRAY TWS MOUNTING BRACKET

COVER
NOTE: MOUNT ON 5TH NOTCH WHEN USING
THE IFTC. TIGHTEN RAIL GRABBER TWO CLICKS.
 OPERATION M240B
MOUNTING

NOTE: MOUNT ON 4TH OR 5TH NOTCH OF THE

IFTC. TIGHTEN RAIL GRABBER TWO CLICKS.
 OPERATION M2
MOUNTING

RANGE LEVER KNOB

1400M NFOV SET
TOP LOCKING CAMS RANGE LEVER TO
FAR POSITION
SIDE LOCKING CAM
 OPERATION M2
MOUNTING

NOTE: LOCK SIDE CAM FIRST THEN LOCK THE

TWO TOP CAMS BOTH AT THE SAME TIME
 OPERATION M2
MOUNTING

NOTE: ROTATE RANGE LEVER TO THE NEAR

POSITION PRIOR TO ZEROING
TIGHTEN RAIL GRABBER TWO CLICKS
•Stabilizing the
weapon is crucial •Move bore light
laser to it’s gray
•Zero bore light. dot by making
•Place fingers over adjustments to
ovals on both the TWS.
sides of black dot •Continue to make
to create a heat adjustments until
source. the bore light
•Place zeroing laser is centered
aim point in in it’s gray dot.
center of black
• TWS is bore
dot (in between
sighted
the two fingers).

M4 MWS

NOTE: BOTH FOV’s MUST BE BORE SIGHTED

• BORE SIGHT TWS •PERFORM IN
TO WEAPON FIRST DARKENED AREA
• ADJUST MILES LASER •MUST USE NODS
TO IT’S POSITION ON
THE OFFSET •DO NOT USE
TAPPING METHOD
•MILES LASER TO ACTIVATE
IS ZEROED LASER
MILES’ LASER • USE REMOTE
POSITION SWITCH TO
ACTIVATE LASER
•WHEN PROPERLY
DONE, TARGETS
CAN BE ENGAGED
M4 MWS AT 300 M
TARGET PREPARATION
THERMAL BLANKET
 TARGET PREPARATION
ZERO TARGET

BORDER IS
1” WIDE.

CORRUGATED
CARDBOARD
MUST BORDER
THE WHOLE
TARGET.

USE M16A2 ZERO CORRUGATED

TARGETS ONLY. CARDBOARD
 TARGET PREPARATION
THERMAL BLANKET

ENSURE TARGET IS
NOT TAPED ON ALL
FOUR SIDES.

THIS AIDS IN AIR CIRCULATION IN BETWEEN THE TARGET

AND THE THERMAL BLANKET.
 TARGET PREPARATION
THERMAL TARGET AT 25 METERS

NFOV/BLACK HOT WFOV/WHITE HOT

NOTE: NFOV INCREASES THE SIZE OF THE TARGET

WHILE WFOV DECREASES THE SIZE OF
THE TARGET
 ZERO
M16A2/4, M4 AND MWS

M16A2
25M
TARGET

M16A4, M4 AND MWS M16A2

6.0SQUARES POINT OF AIM 8.1 SQUARES
(5.4CM) POINT OF IMPACT (7.3CM)
NOTE: RETIGHTEN AFTER INITIAL 3 ROUND SHOT GROUP
 ZERO M249

POINT OF POINT OF
IMPACT AIM

2.75 SQUARES
(2.5CM)

ASSUME A GOOD STEADY FIRING POSITION(CRUCIAL)

ZERO ON A 25 METER ZERO TARGET
(MAKE FINE ADJUSTMENTS) IN BOTH FIELD OF VIEWS

NOTE: RETIGHTEN AFTER FIRST 3 ROUNDS FIRED

 ZERO M240B
POINT OF IMPACT -2.3 SQUARES
(-2.1CM’S)
POINT OF AIM

MOUNT TWS ON WEAPON

STABILIZE WEAPON ON TRI-POD AND T&E(CRUCIAL)
ZERO ON A 25 METER ZERO TARGET(MAKE FINE
ADJUSTMENTS)IN BOTH FOVs
NOTE: MINUS SIGN REPRESENTS ABOVE THE POINT OF AIM
NOTE: RETIGHTEN AFTER FIRST 3 ROUNDS FIRED
 ZERO M2 .50 CAL

POINT OF AIM

POINT OF IMPACT
12.8 SQUARES(11.8CM)

SET BRACKET TO NEAR AND MOUNT TWS

STABILIZE WEAPON ON TRI-POD AND T&E(CRUCIAL)
ZERO ON A 25 METER ZERO TARGET (MAKE
FINE ADJUSTMENTS) IN BOTH FOVS

NOTE: RETIGHTEN AFTER FIRST 3 ROUNDS FIRED

 ZEROING PROCEDURES
RETICLE ADJUSTMENT

MTWS
WFOV 1=1.5 cm@25 M
NFOV 1=0.5 cm @25 M
HTWS
WFOV 1=0.75 cm @25 M
NFOV 1=0.25 cm @25 M

TO DECREASE CONFUSION
1=1 FOR MTWS & HTWS IN WFOV.
2=1 FOR MTWS IN NFOV.
4=1 FOR HTWS IN NFOV.

M16/M4 SERIES
25 METER ZERO PROCEDURES
M4/M16 SERIES

- 18 ROUNDS TO ZERO IN WFOV

- 18 ROUNDS TO ZERO IN NFOV

NOTE: RETIGHTEN AFTER THE FIRST 3 ROUNDS

FIRED
 ZEROING PROCEDURES
RETICLE ADJUSTMENT

MTWS
WFOV 1=1.5 cm@25 M
NFOV 1=0.5 cm @25 M
HTWS
WFOV 1=0.75 cm @25 M
NFOV 1=0.25 cm @25 M

TO DECREASE CONFUSION
1=1 FOR MTWS & HTWS IN WFOV.
2=1 FOR MTWS IN NFOV.
4=1 FOR HTWS IN NFOV.

M240
ZEROING PROCEDURES
RETICLE ADJUSTMENT
M249 M2
 25 METER ZERO PROCEDURES
M249/240B/M2
-FIRE THREE SINGLE ROUNDS.

- INSPECT TARGET

-MAKE NECESSARY ADJUSTMENTS

NOTE: Retighten after the first 3 rounds are fired

Continue until the first round hits the desired point of impact

-FIRE THREE CONSECUTIVE SINGLE ROUNDS

-INSPECT TARGET

-5 OUT OF 6 ROUNDS CONSECUTIVELY TO BE ZEROED IN

BOTH FOV.

-5 OUT OF 12 ROUNDS TO BE ZEROED IN BOTH FOV FOR THE

M249.
CARRYING BAG
RETURN THE TWS

REMOVE BATTERY
TORQUE LIMITING KNOB
COOLING PINS
ZIPPER
 ENGAGING
M16A2/4, M4 AND MWS:

PRACTICE QUALIFICATION
RECORD QUALIFICATION
(DAY/NIGHT)

23 OUT OF 40 TO QUALIFY
DAY STANDARDS

NOTE: SOLDIER SELECTS FOV

 ENGAGING
M249

PRACTICE QUALIFICATION
RECORD QUALIFICATION
(DAY/NIGHT)

6 out of 11 TO QUALIFY
DAY STANDARDS

NOTE: SOLDIER SELECTS FOV

 ENGAGING
M240B
PRACTICE QUALIFICATION
RECORD QUALIFICATION
(DAY/NIGHT)

6 out of 11 TO QUALIFY
DAY STANDARDS

NOTE: SOLDIER SELECTS FOV

 ENGAGING
M2
PRACTICE QUALIFICATION
RECORD QUALIFICATION
(DAY/NIGHT)

7 out of 11 TO QUALIFY
DAY STANDARDS

NOTE: SOLDIER SELECTS FOV

Qualify with the AN/PAS-13B
Practical exercise evaluation GO/NO GO

Score at least 14 out of 20 questions on written test

Meet qualification standards with your assigned weapon

Only one retest after each event

SUMMARY
REVIEW WRITTEN EXAM
ANSWER QUESTIONS
REFRESHER TRAINING
QUALIFY WITH THE AN/PAS-13B ON SELECTED
WEAPON
NIGHT FAMILIARIZATION.