List of welding processes

This is a list of welding processes, separated into their respective categories. The associated N reference numbers (second column)
are specified in ISO 4063 (in the European Union published as EN ISO 4063).[1] Numbers in parentheses are obsolete and were
removed from the current (1998) version of ISO 4063. The AWS reference codes of the American Welding Society are commonly
used in North America.[2]

Contents
Arc welding
Oxyfuel gas welding
Resistance welding
Solid-state welding
Other welding
Notes and references
See also
External links

Arc welding
Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Bare Metal Consumable electrode,
(113) BMAW Historical
Arc Welding no flux or shielding gas
Carbon Arc Carbon electrode,
(181) CAW Copper, repair (limited)
Welding historical
FCAW
Flux Cored 136 Continuous consumable
FCAW- Industry, construction
Arc Welding 137 electrode filled with flux
S
Continuous consumable
Gas Metal Arc 131
GMAW electrode and shielding Industry
Welding [3] 135
gas
Gas Tungsten Nonconsumable
Arc Welding Aerospace,Construction(piping),Tool
141 GTAW electrode, slow, high
[4] and Die
quality welds
Plasma Arc Nonconsumable
15 PAW Tubing, instrumentation
Welding electrode, constricted arc

Shielded Consumable electrode

Metal Arc covered in flux, can weld Construction, outdoors,
111 SMAW
any metal as long as they maintenance
Welding [5] have the right electrode
Automatic, arc
Submerged
121 SAW submerged in granular
Arc Welding
flux
Magnetically 185 MIAB both tube ends are pipelines and tubes
Impelled Arc electrodes; no protection
Butt gas; arc rotates fast
along edge by applied
magnetic field
Atomic
Two metal electrodes in
Hydrogen (149) AHW Historical
hydrogen atmosphere
Welding

Oxyfuel gas welding

Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Air acetylene
(321) AAW Chemical welding process, not popular Limited
welding
Combustion of acetylene with oxygen
Oxyacetylene
311 OAW produces high-temperature flame, Maintenance, repair
welding
inexpensive equipment
Oxygen/Propane Gas welding with oxygen/propane
312
welding flame
Oxyhydrogen Combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
313 OHW Limited
welding produces flame
Pressure gas Gas flames heat surfaces and Pipe, railroad rails
PGW
welding pressure produces the weld (limited)

Resistance welding
Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Two pointed electrodes apply pressure
Resistance spot Automobile industry,
21 RSW and current to two or more thin
welding Aerospace industry
workpieces

Resistance Two wheel-shaped electrodes roll along

Aerospace industry,
22 RSEW workpieces, applying pressure and
seam welding[6] current
steel drums, tubing

Projection Semi-Automatic, Automatic, Welds are

23 PW
welding localized at predetermined points.
Flash welding 24 FW
Butt joint surfaces heated and brought
Upset welding 25 UW
together by force

Solid-state welding
Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Coextrusion CEW Dissimilar metals are extruded through Joining of corrosion
Welding the same die resistant alloys to
cheaper alloys or
alloys with more
 favorable mechanical
properties
Cold pressure Joining of soft alloys such as copper
48 CW Electrical contacts
welding and aluminium below their melting point
Titanium pump
Diffusion welding 45 DFW No weld line visible
impellor wheels
Transition joints for
Joining of dissimilar materials, e.g.
Explosion chemical industry and
441 EXW corrosion resistant alloys to structural
welding shipbuilding. Bimetal
steels
pipelines
Automotive industry,
Tubes or sheets are accelerated by
Electromagnetic pressure vessels,
electromagnetic forces. Oxides are
pulse welding dissimilar material
expelled during impact
joints
The oldest welding process in the
Forge welding (43) FOW world. Oxides must be removed by flux Damascus steel
or flames.
Thin heat affected zone, oxides
Aerospace industry,
Friction welding 42 FRW disrupted by friction, needs sufficient
railway, land transport
pressure
Shipbuilding,
Friction stir A rotating non-consumable tool is aerospace, railway
FSW
welding traversed along the joint line rolling stock,
automotive industry
Metals are pressed together at elevated
Hot pressure Aerospace
HPW temperatures below the melting point in
welding components
vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere
A hot inert gas applies the pressure
Hot isostatic Aerospace
47 HPW inside a pressure vessel, i.e. an
pressure welding components
autoclave
Bimetallic materials are joined by
Roll welding ROW forcing them between two rotating Dissimilar materials
wheels
Solar industries-.
High-frequency vibratory energy is
Ultrasonic Electronics. Rear
41 USW applied to foils, thin metal sheets or
welding lights of cars.
plastics.
Diapers.

Other welding
 Name N AWS Characteristics Applications
Electron beam 51
EBW Deep penetration, fast, high equipment cost
welding 511
Welds thick workpieces quickly, vertical position, Heavy plate fabrication,
Electroslag welding 72 ESW steel only, construction,
continuous consumable electrode. shipbuilding.

Distortion is minimized, and the thermal cycle is Joining rails in situ (in
Flow welding the form of thermit
relatively benign [7].
welding)
Induction welding 74 IW
Laser beam 521
LBW Deep penetration, fast, high equipment cost Automotive industry
welding 522
Combines LBW with GMAW in the same welding Automotive,
Laser-hybrid
head, able to bridge gaps up to 2mm (between Shipbuilding, Steelwork
welding
plates), previously not possible with LBW alone. industries
Following an electrical discharge, pressure is Components of switch
Percussion welding 77 PEW
applied which forges the materials together gear devices
Exothermic reaction between alumnium powder
Thermite welding 71 TW Railway tracks
and iron oxide powder
Continuous consumable electrode, vertical Storage tanks,
Electrogas welding 73
positioning, steel only shipbuilding
Welds studs to base material with heat and
Stud arc welding 78
pressure

Notes and references

1. ISO 4063: "Welding and allied processes - Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers" (1998)
2. "Welding Inspection Handbook", 3rd edition,American Welding Society, ISBN 0-87171-560-0, Miami, FL, pp. 10-11
(2000)
3. Also known as metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding.
4. Also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding.
5. Also known as manual metal arc (MMA) welding or stick welding.
6. Also known as electric resistance welding (ER
W).
7. "‫ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎری ﮔﺪازی‬FLOW Welding | ‫ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬+" (http://www.sharifplus.ir/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-
%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%DA%
AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-flow-welding.html) . www.sharifplus.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-09-28.

Cary, Howard B. and Scott C. Helzer (2005).Modern Welding Technology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-113029-3.
Lincoln Electric (1994). The Procedure Handbook of Arc W
elding. Cleveland: Lincoln Electric. ISBN 99949-25-82-2.

See also
Welding
List of welding codes
Symbols and conventions used in welding documentation
laser cladding

External links
Welding process information
 Resistance welding process information

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