IES395 Project - EFC Final

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PRODUCT DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ELECTRIC FACIAL CLEANSER (EFC)
Team Members
Ms.Nicharee Visvabhorn 5922790357
Ms.Saisuai Thanomrod 5922790639
Mr.Piyawat Sakpoonsup 5922791553
Mr.Tosapol Rachmanee 5922782321
Submit to
Asst. Prof. Dr. Suchada Rianmora
SCHOOL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY
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Abstract
The main purpose of this project is to create and develop a successful new
design of Electric facial cleansers. Innovative functions and friendly price is also a
critical factor to concern in designing new products. Nowaday, air pollution is one of
the major causes of unhealthy skin, this is the reason why electric face cleansers are
essential in today’s life. Electric facial cleansers should act as a multi-purpose skin
care tool. The product must be easy to operate and require less skills and time for
everyday uses.
Index Terms
Product design and development (PDD), Electric facial cleanser (EFC), Brush,
Ultrasonic Technology, Wireless, RGB LED lights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction 5
2. Research Background 8
A. Customer Requirement and Customer Perception 8
B. Existing product 9
B.1 Existing Products Comparison 13
C. Customer’s behavior towards EFC 20
C.1 Data Collection 20
C.2 Data analysis 20
C.3 Discussion of questionnaire results and conclusion 23
D. Translating requirements to be the design 24
D.1 Dimension of Appliance 24
D.2 Mechanism 24
D.3 Material for each part 24
3. Methodology 24
A. Expected design and requirement from the questionnaires and the reference/
existing models. 25
B. Concept of “3F’s approach” for the EFC 27
B.1 Form 27
B.2 Fit 27
B.2.1 Body 27
B.2.2 Shift Bottom 28
B.2.3 Wireless Charger 28
B.2.4Controlling System 28
B.3 Function 29
C. System-level design 30
D. Material consideration 32
D.1 Non-porous medical-grade silicone 2
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D.2 Steel 33
D.3 ABS 34
D.4 Copper wire 34
D.5 Aluminium Aolly 35
D.6 Polyethylene 35
E. Detailed design 37
E.1 Body 37
E.2 Bottom 38
E.3 Wireless charger 39
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E.4 Controlling system 0

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E.5 Advertisement 43
E.5.1 Colors 43
E.5.2 Product Specification 46
E.6 Manual 46
E.6.1Accessories 46
E.6.2 Operation methods 47
E.6.3 Using method 47
E.6.4 Cleaning method 47
E.6.5 Charging method 48
4. Discussion and Conclusion 48
5. References 49
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Electric Facial Cleansing (EFC)
1. Introduction
Global electric facial cleansers market stood at $ 1.1 billion in 2018 and is
projected to grow at a CAGR of over 9% during 2019-2024 to reach $ 1.9 billion by
2024. Increase in skin-related diseases, coupled with growing beauty consciousness
among the consumers and the increasing number of detrimental effects of growing
pollution levels on human skin, is anticipated to drive the market.
Electric face cleansers are personal care devices that could provide a gentle
cleanse. Electric face cleansers boost facial cleansing process, improve blood
circulation, and help in eliminating dirt, makeup and oils with the help of new
technology.
The North-America electric facial cleansers market accounted for the largest
share in the global market, in volume terms, followed by Asia-Pacific and Europe in
2018. US and China are the two major countries in the electric facial cleansers
market. Moreover, various cities in Asia-Pacific and Middle East are dealing with the
menace of air pollution and consumers are becoming more aware of its detrimental
effects.
Air pollution is one of the major causes of unhealthy skin. Air pollution causes
smog that accelerates skin ageing and wrinkles. As a result, many consumers are
increasingly using skin care products like sun screen and body lotions as preventive
measures. However, electric face cleansers act as a whole skin care routine. They
not only cleanse the skin but also unclog the pores that have been blocked due to
dust and smog particles. These devices act as a multi-purpose skin care tool that
cleanses, exfoliates, moisturizes, and improves the texture of the skin. The
messaging feature of these devices improves circulation and skin elasticity, which
reduces wrinkles.
In order to create and develop a successful new design of Electric facial

cleansers requires understanding of customer’s requirements or what customer
needs. When we understand the needs and factors involved, we can be able to
launch the product that can satisfy the customer’s requirements. Analyzing the target
customers characteristics is also an important step to do in order to understand their
perception. For Electric facial cleansers, this product can be identified as a social
need or love needs, where the product can be involved with the customers being
loved or accepted by others as shown in Figure 1 (Maslow’s Hierarchy of need).
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For the product that is beauty and health related gadgets, safety in designing
must also be concerned as much as the physical looks. This is where the concept of
product design and development has been applied in order to help the manufacturer
with the goal stated as shown in Figure 2 (Product design and development
diagram).
The PDD or product design and development is required in order to develop

general models as well as improving the product to be competitive with the
continuously shifting market needs. The combinations of efficient engineering
processes and suitable product platform models are seen as potential means to
improve the existing models. PDD is arranged in a cycle but if we have to level the
stage of PDD, the first stage would be concept development (CD) . Concept
development consisted of various activities to determine the core concept of the
product which satisfy the needs of the customers and markets. The second stage is
system level design, this is the stage where the components have been identified
and classified; the stage continues to detailed design where the classified groups
were used to build the virtual model or prototype. The next stage is testing and
refinement where the prototype was tested or checking its physical characteristics.
The last stage is production ramp-up, the prototype is now entering production in the
manufacturing
Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of need [1]

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Figure 2: Product design and development diagram [1]
2. Research Background
This section is provided for identifying the customer perceptions,

requirements, and behavior to electric facial cleanser (EFC) by using Product Design
and Development (PDD) as the main concept. Since we have reviewed some related
research and existing products in the market. The questionnaire was launched to
observe customer requirements. After the results from the questionnaire were
obtained, we combined both the base model and the results from the questionnaire
in order to design our prototype model.
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A. Customer Requirement and Customer Perception
Most of the respondents to the questionnaires live in the Bangkok

metropolitan region and surrounding provinces. Nowadays, pollution is a major
problem. To maintain healthy looking skin and prevent the skin from any
accumulation of pollution is an important issue both for men and women. Since the
accumulation can cause various skin problems, and due to the environmental
change, electric facial cleansers are an alternative way to clean their skin in the
modern world.
B. Existing product
There are many existing products in the market that have a few functions. We
compare it to see disadvantages and advantages of existing products in the market
for using as references in our product.
The online market sources that we used,which are Shopee, Lazada, Amazon,
and Sephora, are the main four websites and the table used to represent the product
details is table 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
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Table 1: Product from Shopee
No. Product and Component Picture
1 Luna Mini 2 Silicone Face Massage

Brush Electric Face Cleaning
Brush Facial Cleanser [4]
Size: 13.12 x 5.60 x 3.24cm

Material: Silicone + ABS
Retail price: 565 THB
2 Xiaomi inFace Sonic Electric

Beauty Face Deep Cleaning
Machine[5]
Size: 8.00 x 5.30 x 3.04cm

Material: Silicone
3 5 in 1 Electric Facial Cleanser

Brush Wash Cleansing[6]
Size: 13.2 x 9 x 3.6 cm

Material: ABS + Synthetic fiber
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Table 2: Product from Lazada
No. Product and component Picture
1 Forever NMK-JYM04 Silicone Electric

Face Cleaning[7]
Size : 8x8x3cm
Material : Silicone
Retail price : 69 THB
2 OUTLET-T004 Cleansing instrument[8]
Size : 10.5x6.5x2.5cm
Material : Silicone + ABS
3 Xiaomi JORDAN & JUDY[9]
Size :8.15x6.18x3.9cm
Material : ABS + Silicone
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Table 3: Product from Amazon
1 Facial Cleansing Brush by Olay

Regenerist, Face Exfoliator with 2
Brush Heads[10]
Size: 5.6 x 2.8 x 6.6 inches

Material: ABS + Synthetic Fiber
Retail price: 817 Baht
2 RUIQIMAO Ultrasonic Electric

Silicone Face Cleansing Brush
Face Cleanser[11]
Size: 4.8 x 4.8 x 2.6 cm

Material: ABS + Food grade silicone
3 Liberex Egg Sonic Vibrating Facial

Cleansing Brush - 3 Brush
Heads[12]
Size: 1.3 x 1.3 x 8.7 inches

Material: ABS + silicone + synthetic
brush
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Table 4: Product from Sephora
1 Foreo Luna 2[13]
Size: 1.4 x 3.3 x 4 inches

Material: Silicone + Plastic stand
Retail price: 8,900 Baht
2 Foreo Luna Mini 2[14]

3 Foreo Luna Go[15]

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B.1 Existing Products Comparison

● The comparison of each product is shown in Table 5.
Table 5: Electric Facial Cleanser- Comparisons
Product Functions Remark
● Ultrasonic Vibration YES

Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
● After-sale Service YES
Guaranteed
● Replacement Brush Heads N/A
● Waterproof N/A
● Intensity Adjustment YES
● Facial Massage YES
Luna Mini 2 Silicone Face ● Noise Reduction N/A
Massage Brush Electric Face
● superior cleansing on N/A
Cleaning Brush Facial Cleanser
hard-to-remove makeup
● different models tailored to N/A
specific skin type
● Anti-aging mode N/A
● USB Rechargeable YES
● Skin Analysis feature N/A
● Ultrasonic Vibration YES

Technology
● Smart Timer YES
● After-sale Service YES
Guaranteed
● Waterproof YES
● Facial Massage YES
Xiaomi inFace Sonic Electric ● Noise Reduction N/A
Beauty Face Deep Cleaning ● superior cleansing on N/A
Machine hard-to-remove makeup
● different models tailored to YES
specific skin type
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● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
● After-sale Service N/A
Guaranteed
● Waterproof N/A
5 in 1 Electric Facial Cleanser ● Facial Massage YES
Brush Wash Cleansing ● Noise Reduction N/A
specific skin type

Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
● Intensity Adjustment Yes
● Facial Massage Yes
Forever NMK-JYM04 Silicone ● Noise Reduction N/A
Electric Face Cleaning ● superior cleansing on N/A
specific skin type
● USB Rechargeable Yes
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Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
● Noise Reduction N/A
OUTLET-T004 ● superior cleansing on N/A
Cleansing instrument hard-to-remove makeup
specific skin type

Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
● After-sale Service Yes
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
Xiaomi JORDAN & JUDY
● Intensity Adjustment N/A
specific skin type
● Skin Analysis feature Yes
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Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
Guaranteed
● Replacement Brush Heads Yes
● Waterproof Yes
● Facial Massage N/A
● superior cleansing on Yes
Facial Cleansing Brush by Olay hard-to-remove makeup
Regenerist, Face Exfoliator with ● different models tailored to N/A
2 Brush Heads
specific skin type
● USB Rechargeable N/A
● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

Technology
● Smart Timer N/A
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
RUIQIMAO Ultrasonic Electric ● Facial Massage N/A
Silicone Face Cleansing Brush ● Noise Reduction Yes
Face Cleanser ● superior cleansing on N/A
specific skin type
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Technology
● Smart Timer Yes
Guaranteed
● Replacement Brush Heads Yes
● Waterproof Yes
● Facial Massage N/A
● superior cleansing on Yes
● different models tailored to Yes
Liberex Egg Sonic Vibrating specific skin type
Facial Cleansing Brush - 3 ● Anti-aging mode N/A
Brush Heads ● USB Rechargeable Yes

Technology
● Smart Timer Yes
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
● Noise Reduction Yes
Foreo Luna 2
specific skin type
● Anti-aging mode Yes
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Technology
● Smart Timer Yes
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
Foreo Luna Mini 2 ● different models tailored to Yes
specific skin type

Technology
● Smart Timer Yes
Guaranteed
● Waterproof Yes
● Intensity Adjustment N/A
specific skin type
Foreo Luna Go Yes
● Anti-aging mode
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C. Customer’s behavior towards EFC
After some information about customers' behaviour towards EFC have been
collected, three main activities were established in order to construct the drafted
design of the EFC. Three main activities are data collection process, data analysis,
and discussion results and conclusion.
C.1 Data Collection
Market survey is important in order to construct the EFC to meet the

customer’s requirement. Data collection method has been used to survey the
market. Questionnaire was selected as the method for the data collection process.
Firstly, select the main question that is significant to the product then determine the
important parameters such as what shape is the most appealing for this product,
what size is the most engaging for this product, What is the most suitable way to
recharge the product, What is the proper material for replacement head, and most
importantly the expected price that customer are eager to pay for this product.
The sample questions from self-administered questionnaires that used to find

customer’s requirements and opinions on the existing electric facial cleansing shown
below, some questions and answers could be used for translating the words to
design the product effectively.
Question 1 : What is the most appealing shape?
Question 2 : Which size of an electric facial cleanser would you prefer?
Question 3: What is the most convenient method for you about the product power
supply?
Question 4: What is the proper material for replacement-head?
Question 5: What is the proper retail price?

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C.2 Data analysis
The questions from the questionnaire were analyzed, and the important
question that could lead to the design is shown in Tables below.
Table 6: What is the most appealing shape?
Shape Picture Percentage of Response
Round 19.6%
Ellipse 65.2%
Cone 15.2%
Table 7 : Which size of an electric facial cleanser would you prefer?
Size Percentage of Response
Small and Compact 76.1%
Fitted with hands but not suitable for 19.6%

traveling
Concerns only about the quality, size 4.4%

does not matter
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Table 8: What is the most convenient method for you about the product power
supply?
Method Percentage of Response
Rechargable device 84.8%
AA Batery 13%
Disposable (2 weeks life time) 2.2%
Table 9: What is the proper material for replacement-head?
Material Picture Percentage of Response
Synthetic brush 17.4%
Silicone 63%
Natural fiber 19.6%

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Table 10: W
hat is the proper retail price?
Price Percentage of Response
< 500 THB 19.6%
500-1000 THB 41.3%
1000-3000 THB 37%
> 3000 THB 2.2%
From 46 questionnaire participants, there were 41 participants who are 15-25

years old and 5 participants who are more than 25 years old. From the result , 45.7%
of income per month are lower than 10,000 THB and 39.1% income per month are
between 10,000-30,000 THB.In remainder have income per month more than 30,000
THB. 45.7% of the participants do not know that the electric facial cleansing can
decrease acne vulgaris problems,so most participants did not use electric facial
cleanser for cleaning their face.
Moving on from the basic information of the participants to the physical looks
and function of the product. From table 6, the people tend to be interested in ellipse
shape the most, which is 65.2%. We also found that 76.1% of the participants prefer
portable and compact size electric facial cleansers according to the data in table 7.
In addition, when it comes to the function, 50% of the participants request that they
would be interested in an electric facial cleanser that can refresh their facial skins
,decrease their pores ,and contains a facial massage function which soften and
firming the skins. For the power supply, 82.6% of the participants prefer rechargeable
devices as shown in table 8.
The results obtained from the questionnaire shows that participants are
interested in electric facial cleansers if it is a better method than using bare hands to
clean their faces, and from table 9, we can analyze that they prefered to have
silicone materials for the part that will be in contact with their faces with an ultrasonic
cleaning. The price that the participants most likely to pay for is around 500-100 THB
as presented in table 10.
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C.3 Discussion of questionnaire results and conclusion
From the result of the self-administered questionnaires, we will design the

shape of EFC as ellipse, size as small and compact due to this size and shape is the
most suitable to human palms so the customer can use it easily when comparing to
other size and shape. For product power supply, rechargeable devices are the most
convenient method for product power supply since this technology is widely used.
For replacement-head, silicone is the most proper material because it is soft

to our face, easy to clean and not expensive. For retail price, the expected price that
customers are eager to pay is around 500 - 1,000 THB. Moreover, our group decided
to add more functions to primarily model to create a new design that will be more
functions and convenient to the customers.
D. Translating requirements to be the design

In order to translate the customer’s requirements to be the EFC design, there
are three factors that should be considered. Three factors affecting the EFC design
are the dimension of appliance, mechanism, and material for each part.
D.1 Dimension of Appliance

According to the customer’s requirement, the size of EFC should be in the
compact size so it will be suitable for human palms in order to use it easily.
Moreover, the EFC should be able to place in the location that customers can grab it
easily, and the storage space is to be reduced.
D.2 Mechanism
The EFC is designed for everyday use, and it can reduce the time and skill of
customers to clean their face. This EFC can also remove the makeup and solve the
skin problems.
D.3 Material for each part

The knowledge about materials for selecting the suitable material for each
part with lowest cost is applied in the EFC design.
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3. Methodology
From the previous section, where we translated the behavior and

requirements of customers from the questionnaire launched, the key listed of
essential requirements in the design was created. Then we were able to construct
the first draft of the design. Our main points in creating this product is to generate an
Electric facial cleanser with multifunction that can resolve most of the skin’s
problems.
The product should act as a whole skin care routine. Even Though it should
have various functions but it should be easy to operate and the price needs to be
affordable, that’s how our product could compete in today’s market. The goal stated
has led to our project to create an electric face cleanser and the overall of the
phases we used as a reference to follow in completing our design are 5 phases as
shown in figure 3.
Figure 3: Five phases for creating new design of Electronic facial cleanser
A. Expected design and requirement from the questionnaires

and the reference/ existing models.
To create a new prototype design which is more innovative and more

functional than the existing products, the questionnaire results and the reference
model are combined. Some additional functions and also the good features from the
existing products are added to the new prototype.
As the dimension of these innovations is 1.2 x 3.1 x 3.8 inches. It is

rechargeable with 500 uses per charge by wireless charging that has an inductive
charging circuit. Since the material used for these product references is silicone
which is not good grade, the expected design would likely use medical-grade silicone
in order to prevent bacteria.The expected design would be in ellipse shape and flat
at the bottom, portable and has compact size. This expected design will also include
additional functions so multipurpose can be used. The product characteristics,
customer emotional requirement, and their definition are shown in table 11 and 12.
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Table 11: Product Characteristics and Their Definitions

Product Characteristics Definitions
Ellipse EFC has a ellipse shape
Cone EFC has a cone shape
Vibrating Applying force in repeat motions to the

handle
Rotating Applying force in circular motions to the

handle
Multifunctional EFC can perform various operations
Simple EFC can perform specific operations
Replaceable EFC head can be replaced
Non-replacable EFC head is last for the lifetime of the

product
Normal The quality of the silicone is food-grade
Excellent The quality of the silicone is medical-

grade
Table 12: Customer Emotional Requirements and Their Definitions

Customer Emotional Requirements Definition
Affordable (Cheap) EFC should be sold at a low price.
Unaffordable (Expensive) EFC should be sold at a high price.
Modern EFC has an up-to-date appearance.
Classic EFC has a typical appearance.
Conveniently EFC has a size suitable for user’s hand
Bulky EFC has a size not suitable for the

user's hand.
Luxurious An upscale design engages customers

to buy products.
Average A common design engages customers

to buy products.
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B. Concept of “3F’s approach” for the EFC
The key point of this project in electric facial use prototype design is the
function and quality. And the factor that we concerned most about this
prototype or as called the critical point is the “ Affordable” issue, in order to
meet the competitive market needs. To be more specific on its function, the
main component details and function will be discussed in this section. Our
EFC follows the 3F approach which is form, fit and function as will be
discussed further more.
B.1 Form
As mentioned in the previous section, The design of EFC will be
in ellipse shape with its size being around 1.2 x 3.1 x 3.8 inches. The
reason for choosing this size is so that the product could reach the
requirements of most participants from the questionnaire, which most
people prefer their EFC to be compact and convenient for traveling and
can be able to place the product on their desk or in their bathroom
without requiring additional space, this reason can also help the
customer to make an easier decision in buying the product. The
geometric ellipse shape gives modern and high technology feeling
towards the product, which is matched with our product concepts
where it contains many of new technology inside these beauty/ hygiene
gadgets.
B.2 Fit
EFC consists of 4 main parts which are body, button, wireless
charger, and control system. The drafted configurations of the proposal
model are shown in Figure 4.
B.2.1 Body
-The body components contain a brush head at the front,
massage head at the back, and shift button at below. It is
expected to use 2 sides with different functions. Where the front
side would also contain 2 different types of brush head, big
touch point and small touch point. The massage head in the
back would have a massage touch line made from silicone,
micro current emitter and RGB LED emitter located on the
surface.
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B.2.2 Shift Bottom

-The expected design was drafted to have a bottom part
which consists of LED lights where it will display the device’s
status, the lights were expected to indicate 3 status in 3 different
colors (Red: running out of battery, Green: charging, White:
ready to use). Also, the bottom part will have an inductive
charging system with a power supply system.
B.2.3 Wireless Charger

-It is designed for easier charging and convenient
wireless charging pad.It gives you an effortless way to wirelessly
charge your EFC. Simply set your EFC down on the wireless
charging pad and get fast wireless charging performance.
Wireless charging using the wireless standard, which
delivers up to 7.5 watts to your EFC. Charging wireless
charging pad by using USB cable type C, makes faster
charging.
B.2.4Controlling System
-Controlling system is where all of the controlling system
components are in.
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Figure 4: Drafted configurations of the proposal model
B.3 Function
The functions of the EFC are to clean the skin, remove the makeup,
massage, and lift the skin. Which we grouped these function in to 4 modes as
shown in the table 13
Table 13: 4 modes of EFC functions
No. Mode Technology used
1 Clean Ultrasonic Vibration Technology
2 Make-up remove Heated cleansing Technology
3 Massage Micro current
4 Mask RGB LED Technology

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The first function of EFC is that it can be able to clean the skin deeper
than using bare hands by using ultrasonic vibration technology. The ultrasonic
vibration technology will help in exfoliating dead skin cells, unclogging pores
of makeup residue, removing oil and dirt that can contribute to acne. The
users will have more radiant, smoother, firmer, and more elastic skin with
these benefits of ultrasonic vibration technology.
The second function is to remove the makeup which is unavailable in

the reference products. To remove the makeup, ultrasonic vibration
technology and heated cleansing technology are combined. The third function
is anti-aging. The ultrasonic vibration technology together with micro-current
technology will cause the EFC to be able to massage your skin.
This function can reduce the fine lines on your skin, leaving skin firm
and lifted, and also improve absorption of skincare products. The last function
is mask treatment. This function combines micro-current with RGB LED
technology for a facial treatment in second. It will soothe, revitalize your skin,
and also infuse active mask ingredients into skin. All of these four functions
have a built-in timer or also called as a smart timer.
C. System-level design
Since EFC contains 4 main parts which are body, bottom, wireless charger,
and controlling system in order to identify the physical properties of all of those main
parts we need to classify them to reduce the mistakes that might be occured during
the design process. From the diagram below, it shows the main component of the
prototype.
For the body, there are two heads required: brush head and massage head.
Big touch and small touch points are required in the brush head. Touch line,
microcurrent emitter, and RGB LED emitter are required for massage heads.
For the bottom, there are two displays required which are mode and status
display. Inductive charging base is required to promote wireless charging. For the
wireless charger, USB cable and wireless charging base are required to transmit
electric power to EFC.
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Lastly, the controlling system consists of RGB LED generator, LED indicator
controller, heat generator, ultrasonic vibration generator, and micro current. The
mainframe of the Electric facial cleanse was shown in Figure 5 and the free-hand
sketch of the product was shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Figure 5: The mainframe of the Electric facial cleanser
Figure 6: EFC free-hand sketch

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Figure 7: EFC free-hand sketch
D. Material consideration
From the EFC diagram, different parts will use different materials. EFC will be
used high-grade materials which are non-porous medical-grade silicone, AISI 1020
steel, and ABS.
D.1 Non-porous medical-grade silicone

The main properties of non-porous medical-grade silicone are
that it is biocompatible, and has high elasticity. The other properties of
non-porous medical-grade silicone are shown below in Table 14.
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Table 14: Physical properties of Non-porous medical-grade

silicone
Physical properties Value
Tensile strength 7.0 MPa
Elongation rate 300 %
Hardness number 50 HA
Elastic modulus 2 MPa
Poisson ratio 0.499
Density 1100 kg/m3
Young’s Modulus 0.05 GPa
Heat constant 1300 J/kgK
Relative permittivity 4
Thermal conductivity 0.20 W/(m*K)
Coefficient of Thermal expansion 250e-6 1/K
D.2 Steel
The main properties of steel are that it is formability, durability,
good tensile, and good thermal conductivity. The other properties of
steel are shown in Table 15.
Table 15 : Mechanical Properties of AISI 1020 steel
Physical Properties Value
Yield strength 295 MPa
Ultimate strength 395 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 200 GPa
Hardness 111 Brinell
Elongation at Break 36.5 %

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D.3 ABS
The main properties of ABS are that it is thermal stability, high
tensile strength, and resistant to physical impacts. The other properties
of ABS are shown in Table 16.
Table 16 : Mechanical Properties of ABS

Elongation at Break 10 - 50 %
Elongation at Yield 1.7 - 6 %
Flexibility (Flexural Modulus) 1.6 - 2.4 GPa
Hardness Shore D 100
Stiffness (Flexural Modulus) 1.6 - 2.4 GPa
Strength at Break (Tensile) 29.8 - 43 MPa
Strength at Yield (Tensile) 29.6 - 48 MPa
Toughness (Notched Izod Impact
200 - 215 J/m
at Room Temperature)
Toughness at Low Temperature
(Notched Izod Impact at Low 20 - 160 J/m
Temperature)
Young Modulus 1.79 - 3.2 GPa
D.4 Copper wire

Since copper is the most suitable material to transmit electricity
due to the two main properties of copper that make it indispensable to
mankind are its electrical and thermal conductivity but it’s the unique
combination of these and other properties that make copper so
versatile. The properties of copper is shown in table 17.
Table 17: Physical properties of copper wire
Melting point 1083 C
Density 8.94 x 10^3 kg/m3 at 20 C
Thermal expansion coefficient 17.7 x 10^-6 per K
Thermal conductivity 305 - 355 W/(mK)

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Specific heat capacity 0.385 kJ/(kgK)
Electrical conductivity 75 - 90% IACS
Electrical resistivity 0.0192 - 0.0230 uh
Modulus of elasticity 117 Gpa
Modulus of rigidity 44 Gpa
D.5 Aluminium Aolly

Dissimilar welding of aluminium (Al) has many applications in
the electric power, electronic and piping industries. The weldments in
these applications are highly valued for their corrosion resistance, heat
and electricity conducting properties as shown in table 18.
Table 18 : Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy
Density 2.71 g/cm3
Melting temperature 660 C
Thermal conductivity 226 W/mK
Coefficient of thermal expansion 24/ C.106
Specific heat capacity 964 kg C
D.6 Polyethylene
Polyethylene (PE) is the most widely used thermoplastic polymer for
fabricated parts and components. It is available in a variety of grades and
formulations to suit different needs. In general, polyethylenes offer excellent
chemical and impact resistance, electrical properties and low coefficient of
friction. In addition, polyethylenes are lightweight, easily processed and offer
near-zero moisture absorption. See details of its material properties in Table
19.
35
Table 19 : Properties of Polyethylene
Property Metric Units
Density 952 - 965 kg/m^3
Yield Strength 2.62e7 - 3.1e7 Pa
Tensile Strength 2.21e7 - 3.1e7 Pa
Elongation 11.2 - 12.9 % strain
Hardness (Vickers) 7.75e7 - 9.71e7 Pa
Impact Strength 1.9e5 - 2e5 J/m^2

(un-notched)
Fracture Toughness 1.52e6 - 1.82e6 Pa/m^0.5
Young's Modulus 1.07e9 - 1.09e9 Pa
Max Service 113 - 129 °C

Temperature
Melting Temperature 130 - 137 °C
Insulator or Insulator
Conductor
Specific Heat 1.75e3 - 1.81e3 J/kg °C

Capability
Thermal Expansion 1.06e-4 - 1.98e-4 strain/°C

Coefficient
36
Table 20 : Materials used for each part
Function Part Material Used
Body Silicone
Button ABS
Wireless Charger ABS
Control System Copper + Aluminium

+ Steel
USB Cable PE+ Copper +

Aluminium
E. Detailed design
Since we have 4 key components which are body, bottom, wireless charger,
and controlling system. In order to create and develop the new design of EFC, the
characteristics of those key components will be taken into considerations.
E.1 Body
Since the body of EFC is designed to be multifunctional, two functions
and one button that will be included as the following. Figure 8 showed the
components of the conceptual body design.
- Brush head
The function of this head is to remove or wash dirt and oil from the face
that located at the front area by using ultrasonic vibration technology
which consists of two sub-components which are big touch point for
makeup remover with heated cleansing process and small touch point
for exfoliates dead skin cells as we called normal cleansing process.
- Massage head
This head located in reverse side from head brush, with multifunctional
are massage and anti-aging the face by using these following
sub-component which are touch line and microcurrent emitter that
using lower frequency pulsation for massage process, followed by RGB
LED emitter, this LED technology help for anti-aging by using specific
of light color (red, green, blue) each light color use in specific purpose.
37
Figure 8: Components of the conceptual body design.
E.2 Bottom
For the bottom of EFC, the main purpose is to show the status of
device and installed charging technology that consist of the following
components. And Figure 9 showed the components of the conceptual bottom
design.
- Shift button
The main function of this button is to turn on and off the EFC and also
switch 4 mode which are cleansing, makeup remover, massage, and
anti-aging mode (mask)
- Mode display
For mode display, it is working related to the shift button since this
display will show which mode the EFC is at the moment.
- Device status display

The function of this display consists of LED lights where it will display
the device’s status, the lights were expected to indicate 3 status in 3
different colors. (Red: running out of battery, Green: charging, White:
ready to use)
- Inductive charging base

This component will function as an electric transmitter from the power
supply to store in the battery so it lets EFC be a rechargeable device.
This component is also working together with the wireless charging.
38
Figure 9: Functions of the conceptual bottom design.
E.3 Wireless charger

It is designed for easier charging and convenient wireless charging
pad.It gives you an effortless way to wirelessly charge your EFC which consist
of the following component as also shown in Figure 10.
- Wireless charging base

It simply sets your EFC down on the wireless charging pad and get fast
wireless charging performance. Wireless charging using the wireless
standard, which delivers up to 20 watts to your EFC.
- USB cable
Since charging wireless pad is fast charge so we recommend to use
USB type C because it supports the fast charge technology.
Figure 10: Components of the conceptual wireless charger design.

39
E.4 Controlling system

Since the EFC is multifunctional, six technologies must be installed in the
device as follow
- Inductive Charging Circuit

It is the circuit for inductive charge. This circuit allows the users to
charge your device wirelessly with 500 uses per full charge[18].
- Ultrasonic Vibration Technology

Ultrasonic vibration technology uses high-frequency, high-intensity
sound waves to enhance the removal of the dirt and oil from the skin.
It is also a common procedure for high quality cleaning, and exfoliating
dead skin cells as well[19].
- Heated Cleansing Technology

Advanced Heat Technology used for warms the skin and unclogs pores
in order to clean effectively. Extra-large silicone cleansing surface is
able to gently remove makeup, exfoliate dead skin cells, deep clean
pores, reduce breakouts, remove oil and blackheads. Perfect for
women, men and teens[20].
- Micro-current Technology
Microcurrent technology uses low-level electrical currents to tone, lift,
and firm the facial muscles back to their original position and shape, in
a safe and painless, non-surgical, non-invasive procedure[20].
- RGB LED Technology

RGB LED means red, blue and green light-emitting diode. When red
LED light infuses a cell, that cell is spurred by the light to gather more
blood, oxygen and nutrients. The results that the users will get are
detoxification, cellular repair and growth. Green LED light will lighten
dark circles beneath the eyes, soothing the skin, and also boosting skin
to be natural glow. And blue LED light will kill the acne-causing bacteria
that hides deep down in the oil glands[21].
-Smart Timer Technology

Smart timer is the technology which automatically counts the time for
using in many applications of the product.
40
For the advantages of these six technologies, they allow the user to
clean their face deeper, and more effectively within the short time. And
also easy to use and place. On the other hand, in order to charge the
battery of the product it may require a long time due to these six
technologies which are installed in the product.
Moreover, some of the sub components for the controlling system are
shown in Figure 11. Which is a 9V battery, which is a rechargeable
battery. LED lights which breadboard is needed. Vibration motors is to
generate an ultrasonic vibration along with Arduino Uno R3 to store the
program written for the product.
Figure 11: sub components for the conceptual design of

controlling system
Presented in Figure 12 is the overall details of the EFC where the dimension
and brief description of each component will be mentioned.
Figure 12: The overall details of EFC

41
In the Figure 13, showed a flowchart of the operation required to operate the
EFC device. The device can be operated in 4 modes. First of all, the user needs to
wet the device and press the shift button to open and switching modes. If the device
could not be turned on or the device status indicator lights became red, a charging is
required.
Figure 13: The overall steps required to operate the Electric Facial Cleanser
(EFC)
42
Information in table 21 is for supporting the diagram above.
Table 21: The overall steps required to operate the Electric Facial Cleanser
(EFC)
Topic Description Figure
Wet the device The devices must be

wetted before applying
any products on, to
decrease the resistance
that may damage the
user’s skins.
Clean mode This mode is for a regular

cleansing for everyday
uses, any dirt or pollution
can be cleaned using this
mode. An ultrasonic
vibration Technology is
used.
Make-up remove mode Any hard to remove

makeup can be removed
by heat (40 ํC) and ultra
vibration technology. With
only this device alone or
makeup removing product
can be used to remove
the makeup.
Massage Mode Micro current technology

and ultrasonic vibration
will be working together in
order to lift the skin and
enhance the skin’s care
product.
Mask Mode By using RGB LED lights

and Microcurrent
Technology, face mask
products can be applied
and improve masking
efficiency.
43
Topic Description Figure
Wireless charger The device can be placed

(Power supply) on a wireless charger that
is connected to usb
lightings. This is more
convenient for everyday
uses.
Circular Motion The device is suggested

to be used in a circular
motion to create the best
results and efficiency.
Clean the device with The device must be

water cleaned with water, to
prevent an accumulation
of bacteria and clean any
left over products before
storing.
E.5 Advertisement
E.5.1 Colors
Finally, our electric facial cleanser will be available in 5 colors as
shown in Figure 14, where the names are Drunk Burgundy, Berry Pink,
Daffodil Yellow and Airforce green. The varieties of colors could satisfy
the customer’s needs, no matter which gender or age they are. The
font used to represent each color in the advertisement is also different,
to create different moods towards each color. But the tone of the overall
advertisement of the product is adjusted to be the same tone, which is
created by adjusting the saturation and value of the hue, that is how
different colors can stay together in one poster and gives the same
tone, but when looking at them separately, we get a different mood.
Figure 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 shows the drafted font and colors which
will be used for the advertisement poster.
44
Figure 14: 5 colors of the product presented together in one picture
Figure 15: Drunk Burgundy

45
Figure 16: Berry Pink
Figure 17: Daffodil Yellow

46
Figure 18: Air Force Blue
Figure 19: Hunter Green
E.5.2 Product Specification

● Product model : EFC by Teletubbies
● Product size: 1.2 x 3.1 x 3.8 inches
● Net weight: about 60 g
● Battery capacity: 400mAh
● Charging current: 200mA
● Charging time: 2 hrs
● Working time per 1 full charge: 500
● Texture: Medical grade silicone
47
E.6 Manual
The manual which will be included with the products will cover the details as
follows.
E.6.1Accessories
The following items should be found in the package
1. EFC device
2. Charging cable
3. User’s manual and quarantine card
E.6.2 Operation methods

1. In the off state, press the shift button 1 time to turn on and entering
cleansing mode, 2 times for Make-up remove mode, 3 times for
massaging mode, 4 times for masking mode and 5 times to turn it off
2. The product will automatically shut down if there’s no operation within 5
minutes.
E.6.3 Using method

Mode: Clean
1. Moisturize the face with water.
2. Moisturize the device with water and cleaning products.
3. Slowly glide the device over your face until the smart timer reminds you
to stop. ( Ultrasonic Technology)
4. Wash off any residual and continue your daily care
Mode: Make-up remove
1. Moisturize the face with water.
2. Moisturize the device with water and makeup cleaning products.
3. Slowly glide the device over your face until the smart timer reminds you
to stop. (Ultrasonic Technology + Heat)
4. Wash off any residual and continue your daily care.
Mode: Massage
1. Moisturize the face with your skincare products.
2. Slowly glide the back of the device over your face until the smart timer
reminds you to stop. (Ultrasonic Technology + Microcurrent
Technology)
Mode: Mask
1. Moisturize the face with your facemask products.
2. Slowly glide the back of the device over your face until the smart timer
reminds you to stop. (RGB LED lights + Microcurrent Technology)
48
E.6.4 Cleaning method

1. Turn Off the device and clean it with water.
2. Shake off the water on the product and put it on the base ( Do not
cover the product) and place in a dry place.
Notice: Do not use organic solvents, such as alcohol, benzine or thinners, to
clean the product.
E.6.5 Charging method

1. Connect the wireless charger to a power supply by using the USB
cable provided.
2. When the device status display change into red, put your device on the
wireless charger base
3. Take the device off from the wireless charging base when the light
turns into green.
4. Discussion and Conclusion

Prototype
The concept design of this product occurred from the questionnaire results.
The design and function are integrated in order to design the product to satisfy the
customers requirements. The guidelines for creating the proper EFC are as follows.
● Body: ellipse shape, compact size with brush head
● Bottom: ellipse shape connected with the body. Mode display is enabled in
this part
● Wireless Charger: a flat surface with USB cable
● Controlling System: locate inside the device to control the systems
Material used
After the criteria is acquired, materials in each part are considered. A

prototype is created after materials have been considered in order to show the
appearances of the first phase of product design. For further design, the mechanism
part will involve the concept design with 3D CAD model to demonstrate how the
concept product will work.
49
Price
According to the questionnaire results, the price of the EFC that most of the
participants prefer is around 500 - 1,000 Baht, so our product will be sold at 1,000
Baht due to our materials which are Silicone, ABS, copper, aluminium, steel and
polyethylene. The prototype model was made in Tinder CAD website to show each
part of the Electric facial cleansers model.
Functions
The functions of our model have been developed from the existing models in
the market, which most of them still lack some functions that are needed for the
electric facial cleanser to act as an all in one skin care routine. From collecting
people’s thoughts about their facial problem and considering the pollution in today’s
environment, we came up with a final result about the function needed to be
contained in our product, which are clean, make-up remove, massage and mask.
Contribution
We have considered that the function listed will be able to cover and improve
most of the skin’s problems and it could be possible to make this model in real life
from the technology we have chosen, since it is not an expensive technology and
also it is not too complicated to achieve. The reason that made our product different
from the existing product in the market is our function, which really acts as an all in
one skincare routine and our inductive charging technology where the users could
achieve their convenient life-style. And another main reason which we have set as
the critical point is the price of the product, where our price could satisfy most of the
customers in the future.
50
Final design
The final design of EFC is shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20: Final design of EFC

51
5. References
1. https://ph02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/isjet/article/view/231741
2. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/electric-face-cleanser-
market
3. https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/-electric-facial-cleansers-market/4001
.html
4. https://shopee.co.th/Luna-Mini-2-Silicone-Face-Massage-Cleaning-Brush-Elec
tric-Face-Cleaning-Brush-Facial-Cleanser-Brush-Deep-Cleaning-Ultrasonic-Bl
ackhead-Remover-Pore-Cleaner-Facial-Brush-i.219556052.7526083855
5. https://shopee.co.th/Xiaomi-inFace-Sonic-Electric-Beauty-Face-Deep-Cleanin
g-Machine-Waterproof-Facial-Cleanser-Cleansing-Face-Cleaner-Skin-C-i.834
35670.2420711630
6. https://shopee.co.th/5-in-1-Electric-Facial-Cleanser-Brush-Wash-Cleansing-M
assage-Cleaner-Face-Care-Tools-Skin-Pore-Body-Mini-Beauty-Exfoliat-i.2423
77652.6926161918
7. https://www.lazada.co.th/products/4-i782244524-s1553432948.html?spm=a2o
4m.searchlist.list.127.38f9219958XuMp&search=1
8. https://www.lazada.co.th/products/outlet-t004-cleansing-instrument-i77447257
9-s1526272947.html?spm=a2o4m.searchlist.list.167.52462199CmgNqT&sear
ch=1
9. https://www.lazada.co.th/products/xiaomi-jordan-judy-ipx6-i862496022-s1741
822636.html?spm=a2o4m.searchlist.list.153.35172199pP6FMl&search=1
10. https://www.amazon.com/Cleanser-Olay-Advanced-Facial-Cleansing/dp/B071
DZG44Q
11. https://www.amazon.com/silicone-cleansing-brush/s?k=silicone+cleansing+br
ush
12. https://www.amazon.com/Liberex-Sonic-Facial-Cleansing-Brush/dp/B07DQDX
X2C
13. https://www.sephora.co.th/products/foreo-luna-2-normal-skin
14. https://www.sephora.co.th/products/foreo-luna-mini-2/v/sunflower
15. https://www.sephora.co.th/products/foreo-luna-go-for-sensitive-skin
16. https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013018968A1/en
17. https://assets.foreo.com/files/static/manuals/2019-10/LUNA_3_manual_Englis
h.pdf?p3FoUyQzwvT9cz6GkRycmFimvZbraecz
18. https://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/august2013_Bates
19. http://www.pkproductgroup.com/product/ultrasonic-vibration-electric-facial-cle
ansing-brush-silicone-sonic-face-cleansing-brush-blackhead-remover-cleaner-
rechargeable/
20. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/26/health/microcurrent-facial-explainer/index.
html
21. https://www.foreo.com/mysa/ufo-rgb-led-technology/

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1

PRODUCT DESIGN AND

ELECTRIC FACIAL CLEANSER (EFC)

Asst. Prof. Dr. Suchada Rianmora

SCHOOL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEM & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

E.4 Controlling system ​ 0

4. Discussion and Conclusion ​48

Electric Facial Cleansing (EFC)

In order to create and develop a successful new design of Electric facial

The PDD or product design and development is required in order to develop

Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of need ​[1]

Figure 2: Product design and development diagram ​[1]

This section is provided for identifying the customer perceptions,

A. Customer Requirement and Customer Perception

Most of the respondents to the questionnaires live in the Bangkok

Table 1: Product from Shopee

No. Product and Component Picture

1 Luna Mini 2 Silicone Face Massage

Size: 13.12 x 5.60 x 3.24cm

2 Xiaomi inFace Sonic Electric

Size: 8.00 x 5.30 x 3.04cm

3 5 in 1 Electric Facial Cleanser

Size: 13.2 x 9 x 3.6 cm

Table 2: Product from Lazada

No. Product and component Picture

1 Forever NMK-JYM04 Silicone Electric

2 OUTLET-T004 Cleansing instrument​[8]

3 Xiaomi JORDAN & JUDY​[9]

Table 3: Product from Amazon

No. Product and Component Picture

1 Facial Cleansing Brush by Olay

Size: 5.6 x 2.8 x 6.6 inches

2 RUIQIMAO Ultrasonic Electric

Size: 4.8 x 4.8 x 2.6 cm

3 Liberex Egg Sonic Vibrating Facial

Size: 1.3 x 1.3 x 8.7 inches

Table 4: Product from Sephora

No. Product and Component Picture

1 Foreo Luna 2​[13]

Size: 1.4 x 3.3 x 4 inches

2 Foreo Luna Mini 2​[14]

Size: 1.3 x 3.2 x 3 inches

3 Foreo Luna Go​[15]

Size: 1.2 x 2.1 x 2 inches

B.1 Existing Products Comparison

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration YES

● Ultrasonic Vibration YES

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration N/A

● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

Product Functions Remark

● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

● Ultrasonic Vibration Yes

C. Customer’s behavior towards EFC

E.4 Controlling system 0

4. Discussion and Conclusion 48

Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of need [1]

Figure 2: Product design and development diagram [1]

2 OUTLET-T004 Cleansing instrument[8]

3 Xiaomi JORDAN & JUDY[9]

1 Foreo Luna 2[13]

2 Foreo Luna Mini 2[14]

3 Foreo Luna Go[15]

Question 1 : What is the most appealing shape?

Question 2 : Which size of an electric facial cleanser would you prefer?

Question 4: What is the proper material for replacement-head?

Question 5: What is the proper retail price?

Table 9: What is the proper material for replacement-head?