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Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each
team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.
HISTORY OF THE GAME VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball was created by William G. Morgan in 1895. Morgan was an education director at a
Holyoke Massachusetts USA. He called it “mintonette’ because it is resembled badminton.
Mintonette was played on a court divided by a 6 ½ foot (2 meter) net.
The first official ball used in volleyball is disputed; some sources say
that Spalding created the first official ball in 1896, while others claim
it was created in 1900. The rules evolved over time: in the
Philippines by 1916, the skill and power of the set and spike had
been introduced, and four years later a "three hits" rule and a rule
against hitting from the back row were established. The first country
outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900. An
international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball
(FIVB), was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships
were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women.
- Float Serve - this is done by contacting the ball is such a way that the ball does not spin
which makes it more likely to float.
- Jump Serve - is a serve in which the server tosses the ball, takes an approach and
jumps to spike the ball.
Top Spin Serve - An overhand serve with top spin is more effective and powerful.
Forearm Pass - Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to
accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the
ball. The fundamental action of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are
held together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly squatted
and balanced position.
Body Position
Feet are in a wide base about shoulder
width apart. One foot slightly in front of
the other.
Knees are bent.
Torso is bent at the waist,
Shoulders are low and extend pass the
knees.
Head is kept still throughout the
movement. Eyes should track the ball
until contact is made.
Arms are in front of the body
straight. Remember: straight to
straight.
Form the platform with the thumbs and
heels of palms together with one hand
inside the other. Wrist should be turned
down so thumbs point to the floor. This
will keep the platform straight. Try to
keep a consistent passing platform.
The Serve
Server must serve from behind the end line until after contact
Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point
First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the
previous game loser
Scoring
Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.
Rotation
Setters have the task for orchestrating the offense of the team. They aim for second
touch and their main responsibility is to place the ball in the air where the attackers can
place the ball into the opponents' court for a point.
Libero’s are defensive players who are responsible for receiving the attack or serve.
They are usually the players on the court with the quickest reaction time and best
passing skills.
Middle blockers or Middle hitters are players that can perform very fast attacks that
usually take place near the setter. They are specialized in blocking, since they must
attempt to stop equally fast plays from their opponents and then quickly set up a double
block at the sides of the court.
Outside hitters or Left side hitters attack from near the left antenna. The outside hitter is
usually the most consistent hitter on the team and gets the most sets.
Opposite hitters or Right-side hitters carry the defensive workload for a volleyball team in the
front row. Their primary responsibilities are to put up a well formed block against the
opponents' Outside Hitters and serve as a backup setter. Sets of the opposite usually go to the
right side of the antennae.
Court Positions:
Right Back
The player acting as a right back is placed in the backcourt on right side of the court in the
rotation position. At the start of the rally, this is the player that starts in Zone 1. When a team
rotates, it's the player rotating to the right back position that goes back to serve.
Right Front
Right front is a position at the net on right side of the court. The player that is right front is
in the rotation in a clockwise direction. At the start of the rally, this is the player that starts in
Zone 2.
Middle Front
The player that is middle front is in the rotation position at the net in the center. At the
start of the rally, this is the player that starts in Zone 3 and then keeps on revolving in a
counter clockwise direction in each serving.
Left Front
The player that is left front is in the clockwise rotation position at the net on left side of the
court. At the start of the rally, this is the player that starts in Zone 4.
Left Back
Left back is a position in the backcourt on the left side of the court in the rotation position.
At the start of the rally, this is the player that starts in Zone 5.
Middle Back
The player that is middle back is in the rotation position in the backcourt in the middle. At
the start of the rally, this is the player that starts in Zone 6.
BASKETBALL
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by
Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than
football. The game became established fairly quickly, very popular as the 20th century
progressed, first in America and then throughout the world. After basketball became established
in American colleges, the professional game followed; the American National Basketball
Association (NBA), established in 1949, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the
century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.
The game of basketball as we know it today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December
1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts to condition young athletes during the cold. It consisted of
peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his
class of 18 into two teams of nine players each and set about to teach them the basics of his
new game. The objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed
to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was scored, the game was halted so
the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit
baskets were removed. The first public basketball game was played in Springfield College,
Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
Playing Court
Dribbling is one of the most fundamental skills that must be learned. Not only is it important to
learn how to dribble well, but it is important to know when, and when not, to dribble. To
become a good dribbler and ball handler, you must practice dribbling as often as you can, using
both hands.
Ball Handling – the control of the ball, as in basketball or soccer, by skillful dribbling and
accurate passing.
Slaps - This is good way to start off the ball-handling drills. Slap the ball hard. Pound it!
Tips - Extend your arms out straight (elbows straight) and tip the ball back and forth as
quickly as you can. Do it out in front, up high over your head and down low by your feet.
This gentle tipping is a good drill to do immediately following the "slapping" drill.
Around each leg - Pass the ball as quickly as you can around the right leg, with the leg
extended forward. Then switch over and circle the left leg.
Figure 8 - After doing the circle drills around each leg, now combine it into this "figure 8"
drill. Challenge yourself to go as fast as you can!
Around the waist - Pass the ball around your middle as quickly as you can!
Around the legs - Put your feet together, bend at the waist and pass the ball as quickly as you
can around both legs.
Candy cane - After doing the circle drills around each leg, around both legs, and around
your waist and neck, then put it all together and do the "candy cane" drill.
Drops - Put the ball between your feet and grab it with both hands. Start with the left hand
behind your left leg and your right hand in front of your right leg. Drop the ball. Quickly,
move your left hand in front of your left leg and your right hand behind your right leg,
and catch the ball before it hits the floor. Drop it again and switch your hands back to
the original position (left behind, right in front) and catch it. Repeat.
Toss and catch behind - Here's a fun drill the players like. Toss the ball up over your head.
Reverse pivot and catch the ball behind your back.
Crab walk - The ball is brought over the front of the thigh, then through the legs and then
behind the opposite thigh and around and over the thigh.
One-Ball Dribbling Drills
Pound it - Get into a "basketball position" with knees and waist bent (like in "triple threat"
position). As in all dribbling drills, keep your eyes focused forward. Dribble the ball waist
high at the side... do both sides. Although not shown here, instead of the waist-high
dribble, also try dribbling it as low as you can. You can follow this with "kills".
Left & Right hand "Kills" - Dribble the ball waist high at the side, and then suddenly "kill" the
dribble as low as you can go. Then bring it back up and do it over again. Don't forget to
do the left hand also.
Side V-Dribble (left & right) - Bend at the waist and knees. Dribble the ball low on your right
side. With your hand in front and on top of the ball, bounce it backward. Roll (supinate)
your wrist over and "catch" the ball behind and bounce it forward. Rotate (pronate) your
wrist back over and catch the ball in front. Then continuously repeat. Don't forget to do
the left hand also.
Front V-Dribble - Bend at the waist and knees. Dribble the ball low in front of you. Swing it
toward the middle, then allow your hand to roll over the top of the ball to the inside and
push (dribble) it back outside. Shown here with the right hand, also practice it with the
left hand. Getting the feel of rolling your hand over the top of the ball with this drill will
help you with your "in-and-out" dribble move.
Around left & right leg - Extend the right leg forward and dribble the ball low around the leg
in a circular fashion. Then do it around the left leg.
Basic Passes:
Passing – “The deliberate attempt to move a live ball between two teammates.”
TYPES OF PASSES
1. 1. Air Pass - The pass travels between players without hitting the floor.
2. 2. Bounce Passes - The pass is thrown to the floor so that it bounces to the intended receiver.