Answers

Chapter 1 Integers, powers and Exercise 4

roots 1
1 a __
4
1
b ____
125
1
c ______
10 000
1
d __
9
1 1
2 a 7 b __
4
c ___
27
d 25
Exercise 1
3 a 55 b 39 c x−2 d y−4
Where the answer is positive, the + sign is not necessary, 4 a 2 b 1000 c 1 d 3
but answers that correctly include the + sign should also be
5 a x = −3 b x = −2 c x = −1
marked as correct.
1 3.8 2 −1.8 3 −10.9 4 3.8 Exercise 5
5 −6.7 6 6.3 7 11.5 8 −8.8
1 3 2 27 3 14 4 76
9 −14 10 −32 11 27 12 −9
5 300 6 4 7 65 8 28
13 −11 14 −9 15 8 16 −3.2
9 87
17 49 18 121 19 80 20 −12
10 21 − (3 + 7) = 11

Exercise 2 11 no brackets needed

12 (9 + 6) × 24 = 240
1 49, 6 … 7, 49 … 36, 6.7
2 a 3.2 b 4.7 c 10.2
3 a 961, 1024 b 31.5 c 31.527…
4 125, 4 … 5, 125 … 64, 4.9
5 a 2.9, 2.884…
b 5.2, 5.192…
c −3.9, −3.914…

Exercise 3
1 a 73 b 35 c 23 × 54
d 32 × 43 e y4 f a3 × b3
2 a 32 b 81 c 1 000 000
d 1 e 1
6
3 a 5 b 39 c 75
d 102 e 64 f 20 (= 1)
12 15
g 5 h 10 i x11
j y3
4 a 33 = 27 b 25 = 32 c 72 = 49
5 a x = 14 b x=5 c x=6

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x + __ 9x
x = ___ 7x
Chapter 2 Expressions 3 __ is the odd one out. Other fractions equal ___
3 6 18 18
3x 13y 19
4 a ___ b ____ c ____
8 30 30t
Exercise 1

1 a 6 x2 b 9y3 c 8k4 Exercise 5

d 3a2b e 30c2d2 f 8p3q3 1 a 22 b 27 c 100 d −7

x 2y 1 1
__
2 a __ b ___ c ___ e −29 f 2
g 8 h −11
4 5 3p
d 3q 2
e __ f 3x 2 a 10 b 24 c 25 d −60
t2
1
5a 3q2 e 72 f 1 g __ h 1
g ___
c h ___ 3
2
3 a 5 b −2 c 60 d 41
3 a 103 b 106 c 10−1 d 10−4
e 21 f 11 g 2 h 6
4 a x=2 b y=3 c x=7 d y=5

Exercise 6
Exercise 2
1 a x2 + 11 x + 30 b y2 + 8y + 7 c z2 + 9z + 20
1 a x6 b y9 c t7 d m10
d p2 + 12p + 11 e q2 + 11q + 18 f r2 + 14r + 40
e 15x5 f 8y6 g 7t7 h 24m8
g a2 + 12a + 36 h b2 + 22b + 121 i 9 + 6c + c2
2 a x8 b 6y6 c t3 d m6
2 x2 y4 3t3 m4 2 a x2 − 3 x − 10 b y2 − y − 6 c z2 − 6z − 7
3 a ___ b __ c ___ d ___
3 2 2 3
d p2 − 4p − 32 e q2 − 2q − 15 f r2 − 36
4 a x3 b y c 2t3 d 7m4
g a2 − 49 h 100 − b2 i 4 − 3c − c2
5 a x8 b y10 c 9t6 d 64m12
3 a x2 − 11 x + 24 b y2 − 10y + 9 c z2 − 9z + 20
Exercise 3 d p2 − 7p + 10 e q2 − 4q + 3 f r2 − 17r + 70
1 a 5x + 5 b 3y – 2y2 c 3t2 – 12t g a2 − 10a + 25 h b2 − 4b + 4 i 64 – 16c + c2
d 6m3 + 4m2 4 (x – 1)(x + 6) x2 – 7x + 6
2 a 3(3y + 5) b 5( p − 7) c q(2q + 3) (x + 3)(x – 2) x2 + 5x – 6
3 a 3(x – 4) b 2( y + 4) c 2(2p – 5) (x – 6)(x – 1) x2 – 5x + 6
d 5(5 + 2q) e 3(2t − 11) f 6(2m + 3) (x + 3)(x + 2) x2 + x – 6
4 a x(x – 2) b y( y + 6) c p(5 – p) (x + 1)(x – 6) x2 + 5x + 6
d 2q(q + 4) e 7t(1 − t) f 3m(3m + 4) (x – 2)(x – 3) x2 – 5x – 6
5 3.5 is not a factor of 7, or 3.5 is not a whole number. 5 a 2 x2 + 9x + 4 b 3 x2 – 2 x – 21 c 2 x2 – 7x + 5
6 a 5(x – 2y + z) d 6 x2 – 5x – 6 e 4 x2 – 4 x – 35 f 25 x2 – 20 x + 4
b 3m(2 + n + 3n2)
Exercise 7
c 2r(2pq – 7p – q)
x+2 2(p − q) 5−y 1 a 6x b 10y c 12z
7 a _____ b ________
r c _____
3 2x
2 a 2x2 b 4y2 c 9z2
Exercise 4 3 x=5
4x 4z p
1 a ___ b ___ c __ 4 y=7
5 5 2
3
__
d t e a+b
_____ f c−1
_____
3 6
x 7y z
2 a __ b ___ c ___
4 8 10
10m
d _____ e 2n
___ f 31t
____
21 15 36

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Chapter 3 Shapes and geometric c x = 44 corresponding angles

y = 58 alternate angles
reasoning 1
d a = 66 corresponding angles
b = 33 angles of triangle add up to 180°
Exercise 1
2 a isosceles
1 a hexagon b
b angle AED = 108° interior angle of a
pentagon
angles of triangle AED add up to 180°
angle ADE = angle EAD isosceles triangle
1
angle ADE = __2
(180 – 108) = 36°
c angle BAE = 108°, interior angle of pentagon
angle BAD = 108° − 36° = 72°
3 a angle DFE = 48° angles of triangle DEF
c 4 d 720°
add up to 180°
2 a 360° b 115°
b angle GDF = angle DFE alternate angles
3 245°
c angle DGF = angle GFD isosceles triangle
4 a 1080° b 128 1
angle DGF = __
2
(180 – 48) = 66°
5 a 48 b 102
4 a angle PQT = 74° alternate angles

Exercise 2 b angle QPT = 38° alternate angles

angle PTQ = 68° angles of triangle PQT add up
1 a i 45° ii 135° to 180°
b i 72° ii 108° 5 a angle CAB = 125° corresponding angles
c i 60° ii 120° b trapezium
2 a 3 b equilateral triangle c angle CDF = 117° angles on a straight line add
3 12° up to 180°
angle ABD = 117° corresponding angles
4 360 is not divisible by 70, or 70 is not a factor of 360.
6 a isosceles
5 k = 15 1
__
b angle POQ = 72° 5
of 360° as all 5 triangles are
6 m = 40 same
7 interior angle of octagon = 135°, 135 + 135 + x = 360, 7 a 45°
x = 90
b
8 interior angle of hexagon = 120°, interior angle of
pentagon = 108°, 120 + 108 + y = 360, y = 132
9 t has to be a factor of 360.
Largest odd factor is 45, so t = 45.

Exercise 3

1 a p = 105 angles on a straight line add up to 180°

q = 135 interior angles of a quadrilateral add up
to 360°
b x = 70 angles on a straight line add up to 180°
y = 40 angles of isosceles triangle are 70°, 70°, 40°
z = 140 angles on a straight line add up to 180°

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 Answers

Chapter 4 Fractions

Exercise 1
1 2 3 1
1 a __
5
b __
3
c ___
10
d __
5
2 19 1 1
2 a __
3
b ___
24
c ___
48
d __
6
7
3 a ___
18
b Asif
17 13 11 31
4 a 5 ___
20
b 5 ___
20
c 3 ___
30
d 1 ___
48
3 5
5 __
8
m 6 __
8

Exercise 2
8 1 3 1
1 a __
9
b 7 __
2
c 4 __
8
d 2 __
2
1 3 1
e 30 f 3 __
3
g 6 __
5
h 17 __
2
1 3 3 7
2 a ___
10
b ___
10
c __
8
d ___
24
11 1 5 1
3 a ___
20
b 1 __
5
c 1 __
9
d 12 __
2
1 1 3 4
e 5 __
4
f 24 __
2
g 2 __
4
h 5 __
5

4 5
1 3 2
5 a 11 __
9
b 3 __
8
c 8 __
5
1 4
d 10 __
3
e 7 __
5

Exercise 3
1 7 1
1 a 15 b 2 __
2
c 7 __
9
d 4 __
2
3 4 1 3
e __
5
f __
9
g 1 __
6
h 3 __
4
1 1
2 a 4 b 9 c 2 __
4
d 8 __
6
1
e 1 __ 5
f __ 2
g __ 1
h 1 __
3 6 3 2

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 Answers

Chapter 5 Decimals Exercise 3

1 a 1400 b 24 000 c 24 000 d 100 000

Exercise 1
2 a 60 b 400 c 270 d 350
1 a 103 b 108 c 10−3 d 10−8
e 48 f 126 g 123 h 97.5
2 a 10 000 b 1 000 000 c 0.01 d 0.0000001
3 a 0.09 b 0.096 c 0.037 d 0.092
3 a 6200 b 592 000 c 8400 d 70 000
e 0.03 f 0.0108 g 0.0014 h 0.2
e 3.25 f 7.7 g 0.0005 h 0.00095
4 0.48, 0.048, 0.048, 0.0048, 0.48
4 a 0.00435 b 0.000348 c 0.244 d 0.0074 so 0.04 × 0.12 is the odd one out
e 2190 f 4560 g 260 h 800 5 a 1.21 b 0.09 c 0.008 d 0.0001
3 2 −1
5 a 10 b 10 c 10
Exercise 4
d 104 e 102 f 10−2
1 a 15.3 b 64.7 c 2.5 d 30.0
6 a 0.00382 b 724 c 570 d 9 900 000
2 a 23.26 b 5.04 c 58.24 d 0.67
7 a Less than 1
3 a 4.909 b 17.151 c 0.346 d 0.008
b Less than 3.6
4 a 50 b 300 c 0.8 d 0.08
c 0.36
5 a 710 b 4600 c 0.062 d 0.0032
Exercise 2 6 a 1440 b 80 600 c 54.0 d 0.0291
1 a 50 b 70 c 9 d 3 7 a 6.43 b 0.632 c 0.0672 d 701 000
e 0.3 f 9 g 0.8 h 0.9 8 4.1 m/s
2 a Greater than 5.6 b 14 9 47 cm2
3 a 300 b 20 c 1300 d 350 10 e.g. 9403 or 9396
e 6 f 120 g 0.5 h 40
4 a 130 b 1900 c 250 d 90
5 a 20 b 180 c 14 d 34
6 20
7 a 33 b 15 cm

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 Answers

Chapter 6 Processing, interpreting 2 a mode and median 1, mean 1.57

and discussing data b The mode gives the best average. If there had been
an even number of values, then the median would
not necessarily be one of the data values. The mean
Exercise 1 is affected by the large value 5.
1 a 28.66 b 30–39 c 30–39 3 a mode 21, median 22, mean 23.73
2 a 32.1 b mean, as it comes from all their ages
b 15 < t ⩽ 30 4 a mode 36, median 37, mean 36.86
c 30 < t ⩽ 45 b It is accurate because it is the value of the mode.
3 a 98.625 5
Mode Median Mean
b 100 ⩽ h < 105
Glasses 30 < x ⩽ 40 30 < x ⩽ 40 31.6
c 95 ⩽ h < 100
No glasses 30 < x ⩽ 40 30 < x ⩽ 40 28.2
4 a 5 ⩽ y < 10
b 10.5 Although the modes and medians are the same, the
5 a 10 ⩽ l < 20 mean for the glasses group is significantly higher. The
larger number of students in the top range has caused
b 17.4 this. Neil is correct.

Exercise 2

1 a The mode would exclude any small or large values

and would be the easiest to find.
b The ages in one class are likely to be close together
so the mean would be appropriate. However, the
median would also give a good representation of the
average age of the students in one class.
c The average is likely to be affected by some students
taking a very long time, so the median would be
appropriate. However, if there is a limit to the
amount of time students can spend on the test, then
the mean would also be a good average to use.

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 Answers

Chapter 7 Length, mass and

capacity

Exercise 1

1 a 240 b 5100 c 7000 d 490

e 3.57 f 6.35 g 5370 h 385
2 a cm b kg c km
d litre e kg
3 2.6
4 375
5 Yes. 6 × 230 g = 1.38 kg which is < 1.4 kg
6 Yes. 3 × 395 mm = 1.185 m which is < 1.2 m
7 3.04 m
8 14 cm, 142 mm, 14.3 cm, 0.144 m, 1.43 m

Exercise 2

1 a 72 km b 120 km c 288 km d 22.4 km

2 a 15 m b 35 m c 90 m d 22.5 m
3 30 mph → 48 km/h, 70 mph → 112 km/h
4 a 31 pounds b 11 kg
5 12 × 4.5 = 54, 54 > 50 so tank A
6 7.5 × 2.54 = 19.05 so there is only 0.5 mm difference
– they are the same, allowing for the fact that their
measurements will not be accurate to more than
about 2 mm.
7 a 368 b 57 c 315
d 936 e 298

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 Answers

Chapter 8 Equations and Exercise 3

inequalities 1 a x>2 b x < 4.5 c x⩾5
d y ⩽ −3 e y>2 f y < −1
Exercise 1
g z ⩾ 2.4 h z ⩽ 3.5 i z < −5
1 a x=9 b y = −2 c x = 3.5
2 a p>6 b q<4 c t ⩽ −5 d m ⩾ −2
d y = −4 e z = 4.5 f x = 24
3 a x > −5 b x < −8 c x ⩽ −3.5
g z = −4 h y = −1 i z = 11
d y ⩾ −2 e y<−3 f y>2
2 a x=2 b y = 11 c x = −6
4 a p < 15 b q>3
d y = −1 e z = 0.5 f m = −2
5 7
3 a x = 11 b y=4
6 a x=5 b x=4
4 3
7 1<x<4
5 8
6 a 8(2x + 5) = 6(4x – 2) b x = 6.5
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Exercise 2
Exercise 4
1 a x<1 b x ⩾ −3 c x>0
1 6.4 2 3.8 3 1.9 4 −2.2
d –3 ⩽ x ⩽ 2 e x⩽0 f 2<x<4
2 a Exercise 5

1 a x=1 b x=4 c x=8

–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 y=3 y=5 y = −2
b d x = −7 e x=5 f x=7
y=4 y = −1 y = −2
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 a x=6 b x=2 c x=3
y=1 y = −1 y = −3
c
d x=8 e x=3 f x = −1
y = −2 y = 4.5 y = −4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1
3 a p + q = 47 b p = 29
d p – q = 11 q = 18
4 2a + 3c = 44.5 adult ticket $11.00
–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 2a + 5c = 59.5 child ticket $7.50
e 5 4x + y = 23 x=4
3x – y = 5 y=7
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 6 a x=4 b x=3 c x=7
f y = −2 y=1 y=5
d x=5 e x=5 f x=7
y=2 y=2 y = −1
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
7 3a + 4c = 28.5 adult ticket $5.50
3 −4, −3, −2, −1
2a + 3c = 20 child ticket $3.00
4 0, 1, 2, 3
8 5n + 2t = 75.5 normal rate $9.50
6n + 3t = 99 overtime rate $14.00
9 x = 5, y = 7, z = 3

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 Answers

Chapter 9 Shapes and geometric 2

reasoning 2

Exercise 1

1 a

Front elevation

Plan
Side
elevation 3

Plan

Side
elevation
Front elevation

c
Exercise 2
Plan
1 a 1 b 1 c 2 d 1
2

Side
elevation Front elevation
3 6 4 4 5 3 6 B or D

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Exercise 3

T
X

2 a
B

D
A C

b 2.9 cm
c 14.5 cm2
3 a
P Q

T
S R

b 3.5 cm c 28 cm2

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4 a
N M

K L

7 cm

b 9.9 cm

Exercise 4

1 abc 2 ab
R
D

C
O E
P Q

S
B
F

c 37.5 cm2

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3 abc Exercise 5

1 a 0.25 km b 0.1 km c 1 km
D 2 2.4 km
3 a 1 : 20 000 b 1 : 400 000 c 1 : 10 000 000
4 5.6 cm
C 5 a S b NW c NE
6 a 090° b 270° c 135°
O
7 a i 075° ii 155° iii 250° iv 310°
b i 070° ii 255°
8 a 20.8 km
A B
b i Student’s accurate drawing
ii 25.2 km
c i Student’s accurate drawing
ii SC to C is 22 km, SC to L is 19.2 km, so SC is closer
to Lineville.

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Chapter 10 Presenting, interpreting Exercise 2

and discussing data 1 a $62 in store A and $63 in store B
b $35 in store A and $39 in store B
Exercise 1 c $50 in store A and $50 in store B
1 a no correlation 2 a
Morning Afternoon
b weak positive correlation
7 1
c strong negative correlation
7 4 2 2 4 8 8 9
2
9 8 5 3 2 2 3 0 0 3 5 6 8
50 5 3 3 0 4 1 1 3 4 7
1 5
40 Key: 2|2|4 represents 22 morning visitors and 24 afternoon visitors.
Geography

30 b median: 35, range: 34 c median: 35, range: 23

d Numbers of visitors are more consistent in the
20 afternoons.
3 a median: 47, range: 59 b median: 58, range: 60
10 c Though both subjects have a high range, the median
for arithmetic is 11 marks higher than the median
O for algebra so class 3A is better at arithmetic.
30 40 10 20 50
History 4 a
Boys Girls
strong positive correlation
9 7 6 14 9
3
9 8 8 2 15 1 3 4 5 7 8
55
7 6 3 1 16 0 2 4 5 5 7 8
50 3 2 2 17
Customer numbers

45 Key: 6|14|9 represents a height of 146 cm for a boy and 149 cm for a girl.

b median: 160, range: 27

40
c median: 159, range: 19
35
d Their average heights are similar but the boys’
30 heights are more varied.
25
Exercise 3
20
15 20 25 30 0 5 10 35 1 a
Temperature (°C) 20
strong negative correlation 18
4 a 16
14
Frequency

100 12
10
Written paper

90
8
6
80
4
70 2
0
60 10 20 30 40 50
0 5 10 15 20 Length, L (mm)
Playing
strong positive correlation
b C

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3 a Year 4 b 88

20 c The number of children learning an instrument

increases from year 1 to year 4. The numbers in
18
years 4 and 5 are almost the same but fall a little in
16 year 6.
14
d The difference in numbers of boys and numbers of
Frequency

12 girls is only one or two. In year 1 there is one more

10 boy, then in year 2 one more girl and in year 3 one
8 more boy again. From year 4 onwards there are
6 more girls than boys.
4 4 a 16 b 118
2 c February
0 d True for trousers but the sales of jackets reduced in
10 20 30 40 50 July, August and September.
Length, L (mm)
2 a 9 b 76%
c
50
Workers at factory A

40
Frequency

30

20

10
Workers at factory B

O 10 20 30 40
Distance (km)
d Workers at factory B do not travel as far to work as
workers at factory A.

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Chapter 11 Area, perimeter and Exercise 3

volume 1 a i 22.0 cm ii 38.5 cm2
b i 61.7 mm ii 226 mm2
Exercise 1 c i 26.8 cm ii 37.7 cm2
1 a 50 000 cm2 b 34 000 cm2 c 500 cm2 d i 20.0 cm ii 24.6 cm2
d 3 cm2 e 5.7 cm2 f 0.44 cm2 2 2200 mm2
2 a 625 mm2 b 40 mm2 c 2 800 000 mm2 3 a 68.6 cm b 313 cm2
3 a 9.9 cm 2
b 990 mm 2 4 a 56.5 cm b 69.5 cm2
4 a 360 mm2 b 3.6 cm2 5 8.0 cm
5 11 ha 6 9.5 mm
6 a 15 750 m2 b 1.575 ha
Exercise 4
7 area = 66 150 m2 = 6.615 ha
number of houses = 34 × 6.615 = 224.91 1 a 280 cm3 b 6750 mm3
224 (or 225) < 230 so he cannot build 230 houses 2 a 1020 cm3 b 746 cm2
on this plot.
3 a 7070 cm3 b 2360 cm2
4 11.4 cm or 114 mm
Exercise 2

1 a 7 000 000 cm3 b 3 850 000 cm3 c 4 000 cm3

d 4.4 cm3 e 0.79 cm3 f 66 cm3
2 a 57 500 000 mm3 b 4000 mm3 c 234 mm3
3 a 0.851 m3 b 0.037 m3 c 3 m3
4 a 52 ml b 9 ml c 0.75 ml
3
5 a 108 cm b 108 ml
6 65 cm × 65 cm × 40 cm = 169 000 cm3 = 169 litres
This is less than 170 litres so the advertisement is not
correct.
7 volume of compost in one tray = 30 cm × 24 cm × 7.5 cm
= 5400 cm3 = 5.4 l
9 trays need 9 × 5.4 l = 48.6 l which is < 50 l so his
estimate is correct.

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch11_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 2:44 PM

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Chapter 12 Formulae Exercise 4

1 a x = 5p b x = mq
Exercise 1
c x = 7a2 d x = 3bc
1 a 29 b −1 c 48 d −3 e x = 3(a + b) f x = y(c + 2d)
e 1 f 5 g 5 h 2 g x = p(3m + 2n) h x = 4t(v2 – u2)
2 a 5 b 11 c 20 d 0 i x = 5(p + q) j x = c(3a – 2b)
e −125 f −5 g 10.5 h 2 k x = 4t( 5y + 4z) l x = m2 + n2
3 a 5 b 19 c −30 d 34 2 a x = 4t – 1 b x = 2u + 3 c x = 2 – 3v
e 40 f −57 g 170 h 2 d x = a – 5b
10mn
e x = ______
cd
f x = ___
3 6e
4 T = 7x + 2 5z − 4y abc + 2k
g x = _______ h x = ________
5 t = 10c – 9 4 k
4 3q 5
3 a x = __
p b x = ___
t c x = ___
2y
Exercise 2
ac n p+q
d x = ___ e x = ___ f x = _____
z
1 a x=y+4 b x = 3y – 5 c x = 2y + 7 b 3m
c−d t(4p − 3q)
d x=y–1 e x = 4y + 15 f x = y – 6z g x = _____ h x = __________
5cd 2
g x = a2 – b2 h x = 2y + 8z i x=9–y–z 4−b
4 a x = a+ 2
5a
______ b x= _____
jx = m – pq k x=a+b+c l x = mn – m – n b
p + qt 3ty − z2
p p+q cd c x = ______ d x= _______
2 a y = __ b y = ____
m c y = ___ t 3t
2 ab 5k
5 m = ___
z−t 2x − 5 9 − x2 8
d y = _____ e y = ______ f y = ______
5 8 2 mv 2

cd + ef 6 a r = ____ b 10
a2 − b2 4 F
g y = ______
x h y= ______ i y= _____
3 z+1
m 1 2t Exercise 5
jy = _______ k y= _____ _____
l y= p−q ____
2c − 3d a+b
√
___ 5yz
1 a x = ± √ab b x = ± ____
5y + 1 p−4 q+7 3
3 a x = ______ b x = _____ c x = _____ _____ ______
2 3 4 c x = ± √p − 1 d x = ± √7q + 6
______ ______
m−n 2y +z y − 5 e x = ± √3c − 4 x = ± √2 − u2
d x = ______ e x = ______ f x = _____ f
8 5 3 _________ ________
− y2 g x = ± √3(m − 4) h x = ± √5(2 − n)
9 4v − 3t 2b + 3c
g x = ______ h x = _______ i x = _______
2 7 a 2 a x = 4a2 b x = b2 + 5 c x = 4d2 + 3c
4y + 6z 2
a +b 2 m+n+p p2
_______
j x = pq k x = ______ l x = _________ d x = 9k2 – 2m e x = __ f x = 2q2
3c 2 3
2
7v
P
4 a r = ______ b 5 cm g x = 9yz2 + 2 h x = ___
2+π u2
S − 2b2 V
3 a h = __ b 11
5 a a = _______ b 12 x__2
4b

Exercise 3
V
c x = __
√
h___
d 9.5

1 a x = 3a − y b x = 10 − z c x=p−3
4 a x = ___ 3V
h √
______
b 9

7 − 4c 1−y 5 a a = √c2 − b2 b 9
d x = p2 − q2 e x = ______ f x = _____
2 5
c − ab
g x = ______ h x = pq − mn
3
3p −5 8−q 6x − z
2 a y = _______ b y = _____ c y = ______
3 2 6
5−t 7a − 4 4b − 3
d y = _____ e y= _______ f y= ______
5 14 12
2c − d
______ 7k − n
_______
g y= h y=
8 7m

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch12_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:06 PM

 Answers

Chapter 13 Position and movement 3

Exercise 1

1 There are several ways of doing this, e.g.

4 interior angle of a regular pentagon = 108°

3 × 108° = 324°, so you cannot fit the pentagons
together to make 360°.

6 a pentagon and rhombus

b x = 108, y = 36, z = 144

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 Answers

Exercise 2

1 abc

C D

2 No, this area is where points are less than 1.5 cm from U and more than 2.5 cm from V.
3 a
M

P Q
b Cable ⩾ PM, where M is mid-point of wall opposite PQ. PM is approx 8 m.

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 Answers

Exercise 3

1 Reflection in the x-axis

2 Rotation 180° about the origin
3 Reflection in the line y = 1
−3
4 Translation
−4( )
5 Rotation 90° anticlockwise about the origin
6 Reflection in the line y = −x

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 Answers

7 ab
Exercise 4
y
4 1
3
2
P Q
1 Q
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
–1
R P
–2
–3
–4 S R
2
c Rotation 180° about (5, 0)
8 ab
y
X
5
4
Z
3 Y
2 3 y
V
1 10

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1 8
U –2 T

–3 6
–4
–5 4

c Reflection in the x-axis A

2
9 ab
y
7 O 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
6
4 y
5
B 10
4
3 B
8
2
C A
1
6
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1
4
–2
–3
2

c Reflection in the y-axis

O 2 4 6 8 10 12 x

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 Answers

5 y
6

–8 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 x

–2
C

–4

–6

–8

6 Enlargement by scale factor 4, centre (0, 2)

7 Enlargement by scale factor 3, centre (8, –6)
8 Enlargement by scale factor 2, centre (–7, 8)

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 Answers

Chapter 14 Sequences Exercise 3

1 a 2n + 6 b 9n − 8
Exercise 1
c 7n + 1 d 6n + 5
1 a i +3 ii 16, 19, 22
2 a 86 b 352
b i +7 ii 30, 37, 44
c 281 d 245
c i + 2.5 ii 15, 17.5, 20
3 a 27 − 4n b 55 − 13n
d i −9 ii −28, −37, −46
e i ×5 ii 625, 3125, 15 625 c 5 − 6n d 16 − 12n

f i ÷5 ii 0.12, 0.024, 0.0048 4 a −93 b −335

2 a 20, 27, 35 b 25, 35, 47 c −175 d −344
c 32, 49, 70 d 37, 53, 72
e −1, −11, −23 f 27, 43, 61
3 a 18, 29, 47 b −17, −29, −46
4 3, 7, 23, 87
5 8, 30, 96, 294
6 a

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of # symbols 5 8 11 14 17 20

b 32 c 83

Exercise 2
1 a 6, 7, 8, 9 b 5, 7, 9, 11
c 1, 7, 13, 19 d 11, 10, 9, 8
e −1, −6, −11, −16 f 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5
2 a 4, 7, 12, 19 b −1, 2, 7, 14
c 5, 20, 45, 80 d 4, 10, 18, 28
e 16, 13, 8, 1 f 0, 7, 26, 63
2 __
g 0.5, 4, 13.5, 32 h 3, 2, 1__
3 2
11
i 2, 12, 36, 80
3 term 20
4 term 39
5 term 59
6 term 56
7 term 31
8 a n3 + 4 b n3 − 5
c 3n3 d 3n3 + 7

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 Answers

Chapter 15 Probability 3 a
2nd coin
H T
Exercise 1
1st H HH HT
1 a mutually exclusive b not mutually exclusive coin T TH TT
c not mutually exclusive d mutually exclusive
2 0.2 b HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT

3 a 0.51 b 0.66 c 0.375

4 a The probabilities add up to more than 1. b 0.13

Exercise 3
5
Colour Brown Black 1 a 0.35, 0.225, 0.15, 0.275 b 68
Probability 0.19 0.19 2 30
3 a She only did 20 spins.
b Jodie, because she did the most spins
Exercise 2
c
1 a
Second spinner No of spins A B C D

1 2 3 4 5 50 0.22 0.24 0.30 0.24

1 2 3 4 5 6 80 0.2125 0.225 0.2875 0.275

First spinner

2 3 4 5 6 7 250 0.208 0.22 0.272 0.3

3 4 5 6 7 8 20 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.25

. . . .
4 5 6 7 8 9 300 0.173 0.23 0.286 0.306

5 6 7 8 9 10 d P(C or D) is almost 0.6 whereas theoretical

P(C or D) = 0.5
b 0.2 c 0 d 0.24
e 0.52 f 0.04
2 a
Spinner A
Red Blue Red Blue Red Red
Green G,R G,B G,R G,B G,R G,R
Spinner B

Red R,R R,B R,R R,B R,R R,R

Green G,R G,B G,R G,B G,R G,R
Green G,R G,B G,R G,B G,R G,R
.
b 0.16
c 0.75
d P(no red) = 1 – P(at least one red) = 0.25 or count
the G,B’s = 6 out of 24 = 0.25

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch15_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:07 PM

 Answers

Chapter 16 Functions and graphs Exercise 2

1 a y
Exercise 1
6
2 2
1 a __
3
b −__
3 c 0 5
5
d __
2
e 2 f −3 4
1
g −1 h −2 i __
3
3
3 2 2
2 a __
4
b −1 c __
5
1
1 3
d −__
6
e __
8
f −4
y –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
6
–2
5
4
(0, 4) and (4, 0)
3 b
a b y
2
6
1
c 5
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 4
–1
f 3
–2
d 2
–3
1
–4
e
–5 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1
–6
–2

3 p=6
(0, 3) and (6, 0)
4 q=7
c y
5
4
3
2
1

–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
–2
–3

(0, 2) and (2.5, 0)

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch16_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 2:52 PM

 Answers

d y Exercise 3
5
1 a (3, 2) b (5, 4) c (2, 1)
4
d (4, 1) e (0, 5)
3
2 y
2
1 5

–1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 4
–1
–2 3
–3
2

1
(0, 2) and (7, 0)
e y –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 x
3
–1
2
1 –2

–1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1 x = 4.1, y = 0.7
–2 3
–3 y
–4
7
–5
6

(0, −4) and (6, 0) 5

f y 4
2
3
1
2
–2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1 1
–2
–3 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
–4 –1

–5 –2
–6
–3

(0, −5) and (3, 0)

a x = 4.8, y = −1.4
2 2x + 3y = 12
b These two lines are parallel so they never meet.

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch16_Ans.indd 2 3/4/14 2:52 PM

 Answers

10 – x 4–x 7 – 2x
Exercise 4 3 a x → ______ b x → _____ c x → ______
2 5 3
1 a 1 b 4 c 2 10 – x
d x → ______ 10 – x
e x → ______
2 35
1 2
d −1 e __
3
f −__
5 4 a x → 9 – 3x
2 a y = x + 3, gradient = 1 b
x 0 1 2
b y = 6 x + 5, gradient = 6
y 9 6 3
c y = – 2 x + 9, gradient = −2
–3 x
1 3 c
d y = ___ __ __
2 + 2 , gradient = − 2
8 y
e y = 2 x + __
3
, gradient = 2
7 10
f y = −2 x + __
2
, gradient = −2
5x 5
g y = __
4
+ 1, gradient = __
4
9
−3x 3 3
h y = ____
2
+ __
2
, gradient = −__
2 8
4x 4
i y = __
5
− 4, gradient = __
5 7
3 a
x −2 0 3 6

y −7 −3 3 5
bc 4
y
3
4
2
2
1

–2 –1 O 1 2 3 x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
–2
d (2.25, 2.25)
–4
e y=x
–6
Exercise 6
–8
1 a b

d i same gradient
35
ii through different points on the axes
30
iii Both start y = 2 x... so gradient is the same, but
Height (centimetres)

then −3 and −2 are where they cross the y-axis. 25

4 y = 2x + 5
20
5 2y – 8x = 5 is the same as y = 4x + 2.5 so both lines
have gradient 4. Steve is right. 15

6 P and T, Q and S 10
7 y = 3x – 5
5

Exercise 5
O 5 10 15 20 25
1 a x→x+6 x
b x → __ c x → 3x
4 Time (minutes)
x+1
2 a x → _____ x–3
b x → _____ c x→5–x
2 8 c 25 cm
x +4
d x → __ e x → 5x – 3 f x → 6(x + 5)
3 d −1
e the rate at which the water level is dropping
3

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch16_Ans.indd 3 3/4/14 2:53 PM

 Answers

2 a t = 45 m + 25 Exercise 7
b 1 a y = 7x b y = 91
Mass, m (kg) 3 4 5
2 a y= 2 x
___ b y = 36
Time, t (min) 160 205 250 3
3 a m= n
___ b m = 1.7
c 10
5h or S = 1.25 h
4 a S = ___
4
250
b 44 m
3
5 a ___
10
or 0.3 b 80 cm away
Time, t (min)

5 .
200 6 a __
3
or 1.6 b 7.5 cm

150

100
3 4 5 6
Mass, m (kg)
d 4.4 kg
3 a $14 b 56 min
4
___
c 15
$/min, the rate of charging for calls
4 a

1200

1000

800
Cost ($)

600

400

200

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Units of gas

b i Q ii P
c i $100 ii $130

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch16_Ans.indd 4 3/4/14 2:53 PM

 Answers

Chapter 17 Fractions, decimals and

percentages

Exercise 1
1 a $41.40 b $78.89 c $344.31
2 a $28 b $23.96 c $19.92
3 a $210 b $36
4 16%

Exercise 2
1 $23
2 $280
3 425
4 $540
5 a 65 b 85
6 $17 000
7 $45 000

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch17_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:07 PM

 Answers

Chapter 18 Planning and collecting b i What is meant by ‘which books’? Is this a

question about type of books? Or are we trying
data to find out if they like short books or long books?
ii Five different types of books are listed here.
Exercise 1 Please tick the box beside any of these that you
1 a Can you ride a bicycle? enjoy reading.

Possible further questions: Do you ride a bicycle to Travel Biography Crime fiction
school? Do you ride a bicycle to visit friends? Do you Romantic fiction History
ride a bicycle to get to the shops? c i ‘Do you agree’ invites the respondent to agree
Data: Can you cycle? (yes or no) If yes, categories of with you. ‘Students’ is a very general term – it
use: e.g. school, friends, shops, may be more than might be better to say what age group of students
one. Frequency of use: e.g. how many times a week? you are interested in.
b Possible questions: How much time do you spend ii For students in year 7, is the amount of homework
each week doing your maths homework? Too much Too little About right
M ⩽ 1 hour, 1 hour < M ⩽ 2 hours etc. How much
Please tick one box.
time do you spend each week doing your science
homework? S ⩽ 1 hour, 1 hour < S ⩽ 2 hours etc. 2 a The intervals are unequal.

Data: A two-way table of subjects against times with There is nowhere to put age 5.
tallies of the responses. It is not clear whether age 13 goes in 2nd or 3rd box.
c Have you ever learned to play a musical instrument? b It does not say ‘per week’ or any other time interval.
Possible further questions: Which of these c None
instruments have you learned? Do you still play this Up to $1
instrument? What level did you reach? Provide a
More than $1 but less than $3
list of the most common instruments plus a box in
which to write any other instrument not listed. $3 or more

Data: Numbers of people who play or have played (This assumes you are asking for weekly amounts.)
each instrument. 3 This is a very personal question which will offend some
2 a primary b secondary people. Maria has not asked if they have access to a
shower unit at home or elsewhere. How many times a
c secondary d primary
week would be a better question.
3 a experiment b survey
4
c observation d observation Visitor numbers Tally Frequency
4 a It would take a long time to survey all 600 students. 20–39 7
b 60
40–59 16
c The sample should include students from each year
group in the school and equal numbers of boys and 60–79 5
girls.
80–99 2
Exercise 2
5 A suitable table would be
1 a i ‘often’, ‘sometimes’ and ‘very little’ are vague
terms and will mean different time intervals to Height, h, in cm. Tally Frequency
different people. 90 < h ⩽ 110 7
ii In a year, how often do you go to the cinema? 4
110 < h ⩽ 130
Not at all Less than 4 times
130 < h ⩽ 150 4
4 to 8 times More than 8 times
150 < h ⩽ 170 4

170 < h ⩽ 190 5

190 < h ⩽ 210 6

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch18_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:07 PM

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Chapter 19 Ratio and proportion Exercise 2

1 a 7 : 15, 7 : 20, no b 2 : 11, 4 : 11, no

Exercise 1
c 5 : 8, 5 : 8, yes d 5 : 4, 5 : 4, yes
1 a 3:4 b 2:3 c 7:2 d 5:3
2 a 1 : 2.2 b 1 : 2.875 c 1 : 2.45
2 a 1:5:7 b 9:6:2 c 2:3:7
3 a 3.2 b 0.3125
3 8 : 30
4 a A: n = 14, B: n = 15, C: n = 15.5, D: n = 14.9
4 a 5:2 b 2 : 13 c 8:1
b 60
d 2 : 15 e 2:5 f 24 : 5
c The ratios are very close, F is 1 : 15.6
5 $150, $350
5 a Tint of Pink 3.38%, Pop of Pink 3.54%
6 a 35 m, 30 m b 0.8 kg, 1 kg
b Pop of Pink
7 $600, $525, $375
8 3 + 7 + 10 = 20, 180° ÷ 20 = 9° Exercise 3
largest angle = 10 × 9° = 90° 1 8.3, $99.60
2
9 a __
7
b 210 2 $159.92
10 a 54 b 2 3 a 11.2 m2 b 28 + 11.2 + 11.2 = 50.4 so 9 litres
11 red : black = 27 : 18 = 3 : 2, Eva has the ratio the wrong 4 15 : 70 = 3 : 14 and 21 : 98 = 3 : 14, yes
way round.
5 900 g flour, 450 g butter, 200 g sultanas
12 a Joe is 20, Kenny is 28.
6 a 3960 b 65
b Joe will be 24, Kenny 32. 24 : 32 = 3 : 4
7 £899 = $1402.44 so it is cheaper in dollars.

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch19_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:08 PM

 Answers

Chapter 20 Time and rates of Exercise 2

change 1 Bill: 39 c per pen, Bob: 40 c per pen. Bill gives better
value.
Exercise 1 2 small: $2.98 per 100 ml

1 a 0.5 h b 0.25 h c 0.65 h standard: $2.44 per 100 ml

. . . large: $2.49 per 100 ml
d 0.33 h e 0.083 h f 0.916 h
2 a 36 km/h b 20 m/s c 12.5 m/s Standard size is best value.

d 80 km/h e 60 km/h 3 0.9 kg

3 a 200 km b 720 m 4 a 1.5 km in 20 minutes = 4.5 km/h

So it was a little less than 5 km/h
c 180 km d 66 m
b 16.5 km in 20 minutes = 49.5 km/h
4 a 2 h 30 min b 25 s
c 18 km in 30 minutes = 36 km/h
c 12 s d 3 h 15 min
So the bus was slower on the way home.
5 200 ÷ 62.5 = 3.2, but 3.2 h = 3 h 12 min not 3 h 20 min
6 a 1 h 48 min b 21 km
57 km
______
c = 19 km/h
3h

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch20_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:08 PM

 Answers

Chapter 21 Pythagoras’ theorem Exercise 2

1 a 4.5 cm b 25 mm
Exercise 1
2 a i 5.27 cm ii 44.8 cm2
1 a 15 cm b 25 cm c 13.2 cm b i 8.26 cm ii 19.8 cm2
d 7.63 cm e 20.6 mm f 4 cm 3 24km
2 a 4.24 cm b 17.7 mm
____
3 52 + 112 = 146, XZ = √146 ____
122 = 144 and 132 = 169 so √146 is nearer to 12 than 13.
Milo’s answer is 12 cm.
4 PR2 = 32 + 82 = 73 45km
SR2 = 62 + 73 =109
Answer: 10.4 cm (to 3 s.f.)
5 14.1 cm
6 DF2 = 242 – 152 = 351
1
MF = __
2
DF = 9.36…
ME = MF2 + 152 = 312.75
2

Answer: 17.7 cm (to 3 s.f.)

Answer: 51km
4

95mm
48mm

Answer: 82.0mm
5 Half the short diagonal = 3 cm
________
Half the long diagonal = √7.52 − 32
Answer: 13.7 cm (to 3 s.f.)
6 a 5.83 cm b 8.94 cm

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch21_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 2:54 PM

 Answers

Chapter 22 Trigonometry 2 Z

Exercise 1 54°

1 a 12cm

HYP
OPP
X Y
25° XY = 16.5cm
ADJ
3 a height = 9.65 cm b area = 111 cm2
b
4 a 4.91 cm b 8.24 cm
ADJ 5 260 cm or 2.6 m
OPP

18° Exercise 3
HYP 1 a 20.6° b 65.6° c 73.7° d 12.5°
c 2 L

40°

HYP ?
ADJ

14cm

OPP

d HYP
54°

M N
ADJ OPP 5cm
angle L = 19.7°
3 a x = 18.4° b y = 31.0°

2 a students’ own drawings 4 23.5°

b
Opp
_____ Exercise 4
Triangle Opposite Adjacent
Adj
1 a 6.55 cm b 6.10 cm c 4.76 cm
i 2.5 cm 5 cm 0.5
d 22.6 cm e 5.54 cm f 4.50 cm
ii 3.1 cm 6 cm 0.52
2 a 14.8 cm b 12.2 cm
iii 3.8 cm 7.5 cm 0.51
3 height = 10.9... cm
height × base = 10.9… × 30 = 327.8 cm2
c all approx. 0.5 which is 328 cm2 to 3 significant figures.
4 2000 sin 8° + 1200 sin 14° = 570 m to nearest 10 m
Exercise 2 XZ , angle X = 180° − 90° − 36° = 54°,
5 sin 36° = ___
YZ
1 a 7.00 cm b 3.73 cm c 7.52 cm XZ = sin 36°
cos 54° = ___
YZ
d 6.53 cm e 57.7 mm f 96.5 mm

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch22_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 2:57 PM

 Answers

Exercise 5 3 A 8.8cm B
?
1 a 23.6° b 41.9° c 62.5° d 50.8°
2 R

11.2cm
?

7.5 cm

D C
angle = 38.2°

P 5.4 cm Q 4 a A = 64.1° b height = 7.19 cm

angle R = 46.1°
c area = 25.2 cm2
5 16.7°
6 GE = 13.2…, F = 72.4°

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch22_Ans.indd 2 3/4/14 2:57 PM

 Answers

Chapter 23 Matrices and 2 Reflection in the line y = x

y
transformations
8
M'
7
Exercise 1
6
1 a ( ) 6 6
2 1
b ( )
7
3
2
0
5
4 L'
N'
c ( ) 10
3
3
1
d ( )
4
0
5
9
3
L

2
2 a To multiply two matrices, the number of columns
in the first must equal the number of rows in the 1 M
N
second. Hence you can only work out C2 if C is a
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
square matrix.
3 Enlargement, scale factor 0.5, centre (0, 0)
b ( ) 7
8
16
15 y
P Q
8
3 a ( ) 25
11
b ( ) 8
13 7
6

( )
5 −2
9 7 −4
c ( 0
13 −1 5 12 ) d −11
0
−3
4
5
4
P' Q'
S R
3
4 a ( )
−7
1
11
−3
b ( −1
−3
−7
4 ) 2
S' R'
1
c ( ) 6 0
0 6
d ( 19
0
0
19 ) O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
5 ( −9 )
4 Rotation 90° anticlockwise about (0, 0)

6 a ( 9 25
−50 9 ) b ( ) 0
1
1
0
y
4
D 3
Exercise 2
2
1 Reflection in the x-axis E
F 1
y E'
5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
B –1
4
3 –2

A 2 C –3

1 –4
D' F'
D
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 D' 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
A' –2 C'
–3
–4
B'
–5

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch23_Ans.indd 1 3/4/14 5:08 PM

 Answers

5 Rotation 180° about (0, 0) Exercise 3

y
1 ab
4
V' W' y
3 4
2 3
1 C A
2
T U U' T'
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x 1
–1
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
–2 –1
–3 –2
W V B
–4 –3
–4
6 Reflection in the line y = −x
y
c Reflection in the y-axis
4
2 ab
3 y
P Q
2 4
1 3
S R
D 2 F
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
P' S' –1 1
–2
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
–3 –1
Q' –4 E –2
R'
–3
7 a –4
y
8 B'
c Reflection in the y-axis
7
3 ab
6 C' y
5 4
4 R 3
3 2
A B
2 1
1
D C –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
O –1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x Q
–2
b area of a parallelogram = base × height P –3
Taking AD as the base of ADC′B′, the height = DC –4
AD × DC = area of rectangle
c Reflection in the x-axis

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch23_Ans.indd 2 3/4/14 5:08 PM

 Answers

4 ab 5 a
y y
4 4
N 3
3
2 2
U 1
1

–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 x
–1 –1
V
–2 –2
L –3 M –3
–4 –4

c Reflection in y = −x b V→U

c ( )(
1
0
0
−1
1
0
0
−1
= ) ( )
1
0
0
1

d ( )
1 0
0 1
is the unit matrix.

If you multiply a matrix by

the same.
1
0( ) 0
1
, the matrix stays

00000_CS1 Stage 9_Ch23_Ans.indd 3 3/4/14 5:08 PM