PART II Anti-seizure drugs

1. What long-acting drug against both absence and myoclonic seizures? ANS: Valproic acid
2. The adverse effect caused be phenobarbital. ANS: Agitation and confusion in the
erderly, Worsening of pre existing hyperactivity and aggressiveness in children,
Physical dependence.
3. Barbiturates are used in the emergency treatment of status in infants and children
because of? ANS: Phenobarbital
4. Benzodiazepine’s usefulness is limited by? ANS: Carbamazepine or Phenobarbital.
5. Dose-related adverse effect caused by phenytoin is? ANS: Gingival Hyperplasia
6. Granulocytopenia, gastrointestinal irritation, gingival hyperplasia, and facial hirsutism
are possible adverse effects of? ANS: Phenytoin
7. Indicate an anti-absence drug. And: Ethosuximide, Valproic acid, Clonazepam, Adjunct:
Lamotrigine, Benzodiazepines.
8. Indicate an anti-seizure drug, inhibiting central effects of excitatory amino acids. ANS:
Valproic acid.
9. Indicate an anti-seizure drug, which has an impotent effect on the T-type calcium
channels in thalamic neurons. ANS: Vigabatrin
10. Indicate an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T). ANS: Vigabatrin.
11. Indicate the anti-seizure drug – a benzodiazepine receptor agonist.
12. Indicate the anti-seizure drug, which is a phenyltriazine derivative. ANS: Lamotrigine.
13. Indicate the anti-seizure drug, which is a sulfonamide derivative, blocking Na+ channels
and having additional ability to inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels. ANS: Valproic acid.
14. Indicate the drug of choice for status epilepticus in infants and children. ANS:
Benzodiazepines.
15. Lamotrigine can be used in the treatment of what? ANS: Generalized tonic-clonic
seizures.
16. Phenytoin is used in the treatment of what? ANS: Partial and Generalized tonic-clonic
seizures.
17. What are the appropriate considerations for phenytoin?
18. The anti-seizure drug, which induces hepatic microsomal enzymes is? ANS:
Phenobarbital.
19. The dose-related adverse effect of ethosuximide is? ANS: Gastrointestinal irritation
(pain, nausea, vomiting), lethargy, headache, dizziness, hyperactivity.
20. The drug against myoclonic seizure is? ANS: Valproic acid, Clonazepam,
Benzodiazepines, Adjunct: Levetiracetam
21. The drug for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures is? ANS: Carbamazepine,
Phenytoin.
22. The drug of choice for partial seizure is? ANS: Phenytoin.
23. The drug of choice in the treatment of myoclonic seizures is? ANS: Valproic acid.
24. The drug of choice in the treatment of petit mal (absence seizures) is? ANS:
Ethosuximide.
25. The mechanism of action of anti-seizure drugs is? ANS: Inhibition of voltage-gated Na+
Channels, Enhancement of the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter, Inhibition of
Calcium channels.
26. The mechanism of action of carbamazepine appears to be similar to that of what? ANS:
Oxcarbazepine.
27. The mechanism of both topiramate and felbamate action is? ANS: Na+ Channel Blocker
28. The mechanism of valproate action is? ANS: NA+ Channel Blocker
29. The mechanism of vigabatrin’s action is? ANS: Enhancement of GABA Inhibition.
30. The most common dose-related adverse effects of carbamazepine are? ANS: Diplopia,
Ataxia.
31. The most dangerous effect of anti-seizure drugs after large doses is?
32. The most effective drug for stopping generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in adults
is? ANS: Carbamazepine, Phenytoin.
33. The reason for preferring ethosuximide to valproate for uncomplicated absence seizures
is? ANS: Lower risk of adverse effect.
34. Valproate is very effective against? ANS: Myclonic seizure.
35. What are tiagabine? ANS: Inhibitor of GAT-1 or GABA Aminotransferase-1; reduces
reuptake of GABA
36. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride
channel complex?
37. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the
GABA-BZ receptor, increases the duration of the Cl-channels openings? ANS:
Barbiturates.
38. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs is a pro-drug, metabolized to phenobarbital?
ANS: Primidone.
39. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs is also effective in treating trigeminal
neuralgia? ANS: Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine.
40. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs may produce teratogenicity? ANS: Valproic
acid.
41. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs produces a voltage-dependent inactivation of
sodium channels?
42. Which of the following anti-seizure drugs produces enhancement of GABA-mediated
inhibition? ANS: Barbiturares, Benzodiazepine.