IDEOLOGY AND GROWTH OF KATIPUNAN

The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan also known as Katipunan or
KKK, was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its
primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution.

The Katipunan Ideology

 Filipino Nationalism
Refers to the awakening and support of a political identity associated with modern Philippines
leading to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social, and economic freedom in the Philippines.

 Anti-Spanish sentiment or Hispanophobia

A fear, distrust of, aversion to, hatred of, or discrimination against the Spanish language,
Hispanic people, and/or Hispanic culture.

 Independence

The Katipunan had four aims, namely:

 to develop a strong alliance with each and every Katipunero

 to unite Filipinos into one solid nation;
 to win Philippine independence by means of an armed conflict (or revolution);
 To establish a republic after independence.

THE KATIPUNAN

 On July 7, 1892, the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was
founded in the house of Deodato Arellano at 734 Calle El Cano cor. Azcarraga.  Membership was
through blood compact symbolizing the foundation of the secret society, which aimed the separation of
the Philippines from Spain and the expulsion of the Spaniards in the country.  The first Supremo of the
Katipunan was Deodato Arellano, followed by Roman Basa and finally, Andres Bonifacio.

 THE PHILIPPINE Revolution began in 1896 and really ended only in 1901. At first, it was a war of
independence against the Spain. Later, it turned into a war of independence against the United State
the first part of revolution was a success. Many of our best heroes were killed during the revolution.
 After the discovery of the Katipunan, Bonifacio gathered his men in the hills of balintawak. Balintawak
was the place north of Manila which was then a secret meeting place of the katipuneros. On August 26,
 1896, the fiery Bonifacio stopped all the talking. ”There is no other way,” he told them,” enough is
enough!” He angrily tore his residence certificate (Cedula). It was the symbol of Spanish oppression of
Filipinos. • Also their tore cedulas the called for a revolution. The katipuneros led by Bonifacio started
the Revolution.

 (1) The abuses of Spanish officials and priests; (2) Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended the
rights of their fellow countrymen; (3) Filipinos desire to regain their independence; (4) Discovery of the
Katipunan and Bonifacio’s call for revolution.
 The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del Monte at dawn of Sunday,
August 30, 1986. Bonifacio and some 1000 katipuneros attacked the Spanish arsenal at San Juan. It
was bloody and awful battle. The Filipinos were armed only with bolos,a few handmade guns (paltics)
old rifles, bamboo spears, and amulets (anting-anting).
 The superior weapons' of the Spanish Armed forces won the day. The Filipinos lost and retreated. They
left 153 dead comrades behind.
 The revolution quickly spread like wild fire in Southern Luzon, The Spanish Governor General, Ramon
Blanco, declared a state of war in eight provinces; Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac,
Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas.
 The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their famous leaders. Many Filipino
patriots were arrested and put in prison at Fort Santiago. About 1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam,
Africa and other Spanish prisons abroad. The martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos angrier at
the Spanish officials. The famous martyr of the Philippine revolution 1896 was Dr. Jose Rizal.
 Rizal was allowed to leave Dapitan and go to Cuba as a volunteer doctor in the Spain army. He was
arrested and taken back to Manila. He was put in prison at fort Santiago and tried by the military court.
He was found guilty of being a traitor to Spain and sentenced to death. At dawn of December 30, 1896,
Rizal was shot by a firing squad at the Luneta.
 Gen. Aguinaldo was elected President of the First Revolutionary Government on March 23 and lasted
until October 31, 1897. He beat Bonifacio to the position. Aguinaldo was elected as the President of
the Biak-na-Bato Republic on November 1, 1897.
 The Filipinos freedom fighter fought with crude weapons: bolos, clubs, stones, bamboo, spears, old
musket, and homemade guns (paltiks). The Filipinos won many battles against the Spanish
Government troop. The Greatest victory in the battle of the Filipino was won by Emilio Aguinaldo in the
battle of Binakayan, Cavite on November 9 to 11, 1896.
 Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join the revolution in the nearby provinces. The Filipino
revolutionaries captured, Las Piñas, Parañaque, and other towns around in manila.
 The revolutionaries were divided in two. The Magdalos, Aguinaldo’s group and the Magdiwangs,
Bonifacio’s group. Aguinaldo wins his battles while Bonifacio lost all his battle. Bonifacio’s supporters
 refused to help Aguinaldo when they were attacked similarly. Aguinaldo’s followers did not help the
Magdiwangs when they fought the Spaniard.
 Both rival groups decided to meet at Tejeros, Cavite on March 22, 1897. They wanted to settle the
controversy on Leadership because a revolution must have only one leader. • They decided to elect the
officers of a Revolutionary Government. Bonifacio was over-confident. His followers outnumbered the
followers of Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo wasn’t able to attend the election because he was fighting the
Spanish army at Imus.
 Bonifacio was elected as the new leader. He did not know that the Filipinos no longer wanted him as
the leader. Aguinaldo won the majority vote for new President of the First Revolutionary Government.
Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice- President and the other lower positions. As a consolation,
Bonifacio was elected to the last office of secretary of the interior but even the lowest position was
protested by Daniel Tirona.
 At the Battle of Limbon, Bonifacio and his men lost the fight and were taken prisoners. • Andres was
wounded and his brother Ciriaco was killed. His wife Gregoria de Jesus was one of the prisoners. The
Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and his brother Procopio by military court martial at
Maragondon on May 5, 1897 and they were found guilty they were sentenced to die.
 Aguinaldo reduced their sentence to life imprisonment but was able to cancel that order and execute
Bonifacio. On May 19, 1897 Andres and Procopio were shot by a firing squad of Aguinaldo’s soldiers in
near Maragondon. Under the command of Major Lazaro Makapagal.
 The revolution went from bad to worse for the Filipinos. Aguinaldo lost one battle after another.
Aguinaldo moved his war camp many times away from Cavite. On November 1, 1897 the Filipino
revolutionary’s leaders approved a constitution for a new Government. .This became a Biak-na-bato
Republic. On Nov. 1 to Dec. 30, 1897 Aguinaldo was again elected as President of the Biak-na-bato
Republic.
 No one side could win the revolution. The Filipinos could not win. The Spanish government could not
win. Spanish Governor General Primo de Rivera told the Spanish Cortes (Parliament): “I can capture
their Biak-na-bato headquarters. So he sent the olive branch of peace to Aguinaldo .He offered to end
the fighting on both sides. Aguinaldo decided to accept the peace offer of Governor Primo de Rivera.
 Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, a prominent Filipino, acted as the go-between in the peace negotiations. He
succeeded in negotiating the agreement to end the fighting between the Filipinos and the Spaniards.
This was historic Pact of Biak-na-Bato. It was signed by General Aguinaldo and Governor General
Primo Rivera on Dec. 14 and 15 1897.
 Peace was proclaimed in the Philippines after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Gen. Aguinaldo and other
revolutionary leaders went to exile in Hong Kong as a part of agreement. Aguinaldo and his
companions reached Hong Kong on December 30, 1897.
 Women of the Revolution. Melchora Aquino (popularly known as “Tandang Sora”, Gregoria Montoya
(joan of Arc of Cavite”) Agueda Kahabagan (joan of Arc of the Sant Cruz, Laguna”); Tersa Magbanua
 (joan of arc of the Visayas”) Trinidad Tecson (“Mother of Biaknabato”) Nazarai Lagos (“Florence
Nightingale of Panay”) Patronicia Gamboa (Heroine of jaro”) Marcela Agoncillo (wife of Filipino
diplomat Felipe Agoncillo.
 Both the Filipinos and the Spaniards broke their peace agreement at Biak-na-Bato. Spain did not pay
P1.7 million war indemnity to the Filipinos. Only P600,000 was paid. Spanish officials continue to arrest
and punish Filipino who surrendered. Aguinaldo spends the money to buy more arms and ammunition.
They did not surrender all their weapons. They wanted to continue the revolution.