TRANSLATION

by: Puspa Julistia Puspita, S.Si, M.Sc. @Genetika dan Biologi

Translasi adalah proses sintesis
protein (pembentukan polipeptida) melalui
penerjemahan kode genetik yang dibawa
oleh m-RNA (messenger RNA)
 TRANSLATION

● Protein synthesis using mRNA as template

● Involving :
+ 21 16S ● MW
● Ribosome proteins e:4.200.000
● mRNA →codon p: 2.500.000
p
● tRNA → anticodon
● Amino acid
Small subunit: e: 40S ●Unit sevedberg:e: 80 S
o Protein Factors p: 70 S
p: 30S
o ATP dan GTP
+ 33 e
Ribosome proteins
● Multienzymes complexes 18S
Large subunit: e: 60S
● Contains RNA and protein p: 50S
● Catalyzes translation process
● Contains:
● peptidyl-tRNA binding site (P site) +34
● aminoacyl binding site (A site) + 49 e p proteins
● There are differences between procaryotic proteins
and eukaryotic ribosomes but similar in
function
● Composed of small and large subunit 28S 5.8S 5S 23S 5S
Translation Component
 CODON

● 3 consecutive bases of mRNA

● 5’  3’ (left to right)
● 64 codon → 43 → 61 codon for amino acid & 3 nonsense codon (stop codon)
● 1 tRNA > 1 codon
U C A G
UUU UCU UAU UGU cys U
phe tyr
U UUC UCC UAC UGC C
UUA UCA ser UAA UGA stop A
leu stop
UUG UCG UAG UGG trp G
CUU CCU CAU his CGU U
CUC CCC pro CAC CGC arg C
C leu
CUA CCA CAA gln CGA A
CUG CCG CAG CGG G
AUU ACU AAU asn AGU ser U
A AUC ile ACC thr AAC AGC C
AUA ACA AAA lys AGA arg A
AUG start ACG AAG AGG G
GUU GCU GAU asp GGU U
G GUC val GCC ala GAC GGC gly C
GUA GCA GAA glu GGA A
GUG GCG GAG GGG G
 tRNA

● 3’ terminal → amino acid reseptor (end with CCA)

● 5’ terminal Double
● loops/arms: DHU, TC, anticodon & extra stranded (ds)
● tRNAala → tRNA for alanine
● 1 tRNA > 1 codon (degenerate) intramolecular
● the third base maybe varried (mismatch/wobble)
● base sequence varies but folded similarly

TU
DHU
adenin
NH2 extra

O C
N N
C- Single
N O 5’ O P O 3’ terminal stranded (ss)
N
1’ H H 4’ O- (CCA)
H 2’ 3’ H
OH
Reactivity

5’ terminal
OH
 tRNA

● 3’ terminal → amino acid reseptor (end with CCA)

● 5’ terminal Double
● loops/arms: DHU, TC, anticodon & extra stranded (ds)
● tRNAala → tRNA for alanine
● 1 tRNA > 1 codon (degenerate) intramolecular
● the third base maybe varried (mismatch/wobble)
● base sequence may differ but folded similarly

TU
DHU
adenin
NH2 extra
N N
O
- Single
O P O N
O N stranded (ss)
O- H H
H 3’ 2’ H
OH 3’ terminal
(CCA)
OH
 TRANSLATION PROCESS

● AMINO ACID ACTIVATION

● INITIATION
● ELONGATION

● TERMINATION

● POST-TRANSLATION
Translation Process
 TRANSLATION MECHANISM
Termination
Initiation
Elongation

+ factor - factor
Start dan stop sinyal
Binding Site of Ribosome for translation
initiation
INISIATION
Elongation
Termination
TRANSLATION ELONGATION
MULTIPLE TRANSLATION COMPLEX (POLYOSOME)
Transcription and translation process was happen
simoultaneusly in prokaryot
Ekson dan intron
Protein synthesis in prokaryot and eukaryot
organisms
27
 PROKARYOTIC VS EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION

EUKARYOTE:
● More complex system
● More complex regulation

● Separated with transcription

● Most involved post-translation

PROKARYOTE:
● Less complex system

● Less complex regulation

● Occurred while transicription process is still carried out

● Most without post-translation