Town Planning - Prof.

Sathish L, SRM University 1

UNIT IV – TOWN
PLANNING TECHNIQUES
4/10/2020 by Prof. Sathish L, SRM University
 Content
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1. Data Collection
2. Types of Surveys
3. Data and Map Analytical Techniques
4. Carrying capacity
5. Thereshold Analysis
6. Factors for land suitability analysis
7. Projection techniques – Population and Economic
8. Plan formulation– using Remote Sensing (RS) and
Geographical Information System (GIS)

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 1. Data Collection
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 Identifying data needs

 Data collection
 Primarydata
 Secondary data

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Primary Data
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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Types of Primary survey
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 Visual survey/ Reconnaissance survey

 Inspection
 Direct Inspection
 Indirect Inspection
 Indicators – Proxy (economic growth, prosperity ref. slide 6)
 Personal Interview/ dialogue
 Self Survey

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

  Indirect Inspection
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 Personal Interview

 Focused Group Discussion

 Opinions,perceptions, beliefs, attitude of people
towards aim, services

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 Participatory Rapid Appraisal

 Community participation,
 Brainstorming, Mapping, Ranking, Diagramming
 Group dynamics
 Sampling
 Interviewing
 Visualizing

 Self Survey
 Mail or Survey Handout

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Secondary Data
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 Published Sources
 UnPublished Sources

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Types of Surveys
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1. Socio – economic survey

2. Landuse – Utilization survey
3. Density survey
4. Insfrastructure survey
5. Transportation survey

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 Socio – Economic survey

 Collection of socio economic date regarding
characteristic of Human Population such as size, growth,
density, distribution, and vital statistics eg. Census

 Landuse/ Utilisation Surveys

 Purpose to identify developed and undeveloped areas
for analysis of physical distribution and conditions of
existing development and future projections.

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 Density survey
 Relationship b/w Built Up Area and Population density
 Its to assess infrastructure reqt., reduce congestion,
appropriate availability of land for different activities
 Residential Density

 Non Residential Density

 FSI(Residence, shops, Institute, open, etc)
 Carried our for assessment and provision of
appropriate quantity and quality of services
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 Infrastructure survey

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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Analytical techniques
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 Analytical techniques
 Simplified reporting
 Ordered format, Identifying patterns, classifying, Policy
guidelines or design directions
 Trend Analysis
 Changes in a system over a period of time (applied in table,
graph, Maps, or diagrams)
 Data compilation and Analysis Techniques
 Complex analysis involving multiple variable and scenario
building for various cases (Statistical Package for Social
Science SPSS , SAS, STATA, Excel

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 Map Analysis Technique

 Official sources NRSC, NIC – GIS Overlay Map
 Interface b/w Numerical data into Maps

 Softwares – Gramm++, Ridhisoft whizmap

 Land Suitablity Analysis – considering various factor

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 Carrying Capacity
 Definesas maximum number of population that can be
supported by the environment of that area through
optimum utilization of available resources
 V/ C – Volume to capacity ratio

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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

  Application of Carrying capacity in Urban/ Rural
Planning
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 Thereshold Analysis
 Itsbased on observation that any Urban center
encounters limitations to their expansion due to
physiographic features, existing landuse and
technology of infrastructure
 Tangible and Intangible

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

  Process of Thereshold Analysis
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 Land Suitability Analysis

 Refersto the abilityof a particular type of land to
support specific use.
 Evaluation and grouping of land for define use

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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Projection Techniques
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 Projection Techniques
Process of Plan formulation, projection technique used for
Anticipating future
1. Population Projections

2. Economic Projections

3. Estimation of city GDP

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Population Projections
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1. Mathematical and Direct method

2. Employment Method
3. Ratio Method
4. Migration and natural increase method
5. The cohort- survival method
6. Matrix method

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1. Mathematical and Direct method

 Arithmetic progression (x – Time Y – Popln)
 10 to 5 years (stable and volative condition)

2. Employment Method
 Interelation population and employment, Working popln vs total
popln
 Reliablity is low should not used for long range forecasting

3. Ratio Method
 Changes in geographical area
 City to region to nation – Ratio

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4. Migration natural increase method

 Migration rate – economic condition
 Cons – uses total popln not age, sex structure not considered (Death,
birth, school going popln)

5. Cohort Survival Method

 Survival of existing popln. – birth rate
 Fertility, mortality, migration
 Age group 0-9, 10-19 ….80-89

6. Matrix Method
 Follow the logic of Cohort survival method
 Survivor ship matrix – Birth- Death rate
Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020
 Economic Projection
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1. Simple Extrapolation
2. Productivity method
3. Projections by sector of economy
4. Economic Base method
5. Ratio method
6. Input – output method
7. Social or Regional Accounts method

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Estimation of City GDP
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 National Product is a measure in monetary terms of

the volume of all goods and services produced by
an economy during a given period of time,
accounted without duplication
 Measured by 3 approaches
 Production

 Income

 Expenditure

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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Assessment of Requirement of Housing
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 Need
 Family size
 Demand
 Income

 Rent,Amortisation rate, interest rate, cost of

maintenance repair
 Affordability
 Various housing schemes

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Mapping
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 Scale of Map

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 Map - Checklist
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 Procedures for collecting data
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 Topo sheets
 Aerial Photography
 Satellite Image
 Geological Survey of India

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Base Map and Development Plan
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Preparation
 Base map features
 Refer Appendix G volume IIB

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Plan formulation through RS and GIS
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information system
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 Advantages

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Preparation of Development Plan using
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RS and GIS
 Development Plan Classified as

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Base Map Preparation Process
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 NUIS PPT
 BHUVAN Portal NRSC
 Base layer – Thematic Layer – Administrative Layer

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 Preparation of Existing Landuse Map
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Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Analysis of Existing Landuse Map
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 Most Suited
land
 Suitable
 Moderate
 Non- Suitable

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Proposed Landuse Plan
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 Development
Strategy
 urban nodes
 Key infrastructure

 Transport links

 Industrial
developments

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020

 Bhuvan Geoportal for planning
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 Bhuvan GIS database

 Mobile applications
 MANU – Mapping Neighbourhood in Uttrakhand
 Q GIS – open Software
 BHUVAN App

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Thank You

Town Planning - Prof. Sathish L, SRM University 4/10/2020