Name: Made Ayu Malina Dewi

NIM: 1913041005
Class: IIA/ Biology Departement
Why Academic Writing
Academic papers are specially designed torture instruments. They are preferred because
the instructor is not directly involved in torture. Usually students torture themselves by waiting
until the last minute to write their papers and not knowing what they are doing. A paper is not
supposed to be torture. Seriously. The thing about torture is a joke. The academic writing
assignment should be your opportunity to explore something that interests you from your study
program. You have the freedom to choose a topic, a blank page to express your own ideas, and
an audience that is interested in reading what you think. In academic writing assignments, you
will start by asking good questions, then finding and analyzing answers to it, and choosing your
own best answer to discuss in your paper. Your paper will share your thoughts and findings and
justify your answers with logic and evidence. So the purpose of academic writing is not to show
off everything you know about your topic, but to show that you understand and can think
critically about your topic (and this is what gives you good grades).
In addition, you will develop skills in researching, evaluating information, organizing,
debating, responding to other people's arguments, analyzing, and expressing yourself clearly in
writing (in English as well). These skills, by the way, are all valued by employers. 10 Principles
of Academic Writing. Clear purpose. The purpose of your paper is to answer the questions you
ask as your topic. Your question gives you purpose. The most common purpose in academic
writing is to persuade, analyze / synthesize, and inform
o Persuasive objectives - In persuasive academic writing, the goal is to make your readers adopt
your answers to these questions. So, you will choose one answer your question, support your
answer using reason and evidence, and try to change the reader's perspective on the topic. The
task of persuasive writing includes argumentative papers and positions.
o Analytical objectives - In analytical academic writing, the aim is to explain and evaluate
possible answers to your questions, choosing the best answer based on your own criteria.
Analytical tasks often investigate causes, examine effects, evaluate effectiveness, assess ways to
solve problems, find relationships between ideas, or analyze the arguments of others. The
"synthesis" part of the goal appears when you put together all the parts and generate your own
answers to the question. Examples of these assignments include analysis papers and critical
analysis.
o Informative objectives - In informative academic writing, the aim is to explain possible
answers to your questions, giving readers new information about your topic. This is different
from analytical topics because you are not imposing your point of view on the reader, but rather
trying to enlarge the reader's appearance.
Some assignments will have predetermined goals (see examples above);
for other assignments, you must choose a destination when choosing a topic (research papers,
term papers). And some tasks may have two goals. In all cases, the goal will be clear at the
beginning of your paper, and your paper must reach its goal in order to succeed.
Viewer Engagement. Like all writing, academic writing is directed to a particular
audience in mind. Unless your instructor says otherwise, consider your audience to be a fellow
student with the same level of knowledge as you. As students in the field, they are interested in
your topic, but may not be so interested in reading papers. So you have to involve them with
your ideas and interest them with your writing style. Imagine they are also skeptical, so you have
to use the right reasons and evidence to convince them of your ideas.
Clear Point of View. Academic writing, even for informative purposes, is not just a list of
facts or a summary of sources. Although you will present other people's ideas and research, the
purpose of your paper is to show your opinion on these matters. Your paper will have and
support your own original ideas about the topic. This is called a thesis statement, and that is your
answer to that question. Single Focus. Every paragraph (even every sentence) in your paper will
support your thesis statement. There will be no unnecessary, irrelevant, unimportant, or
contradictory information (Your paper will likely include alternative contradictors or points of
view, but you will respond and criticize them to further strengthen your own perspective).
Logical organization. Academic writing follows a standard organizational pattern.
For academic essays and papers, there are introductions, bodies, and conclusions. Each
paragraph logically leads to the next paragraph.
 Introduction attracts the reader's attention, provides background information, and lets the
reader know what to expect. It also has a thesis statement.
 The body paragraph supports the thesis statement. Each body paragraph has one main
point to support the thesis, which is referred to in the topic sentence. Each point is then
supported in paragraphs with logical reasons and evidence.
 Each sentence is connected with the before and after. Readers don't have to work to find
connections between ideas.
 The conclusions summarize the thesis and main points of this paper and show the reader
the importance of the findings of this paper.
Strong support. Each body paragraph will have adequate and relevant support for the
topic sentence and thesis statement. This support will consist of facts, examples, descriptions,
personal experiences, and expert opinions and quotes. Clear and Complete Explanation. This is
very important! As a writer, you need to do all the work for the reader. Readers don't have to
think hard to understand your ideas, logic, or organization. English readers expect everything to
be done for them; Your thoughts and thought processes must be clear and fully explained.
Effective use of research. Your paper must refer to various current, high-quality, professional
and academic sources. You will use your research to support your own ideas; therefore, it must
be integrated into your writing and not be presented separately. That means that source material
will be introduced, analyzed, explained, and then cited. The APA Research and Style Guide 2010
addresses this topic in depth. What is the correct style. All academic papers must follow
American guidelines Psychological Association, as found in the APA Research Guide and the
2010 APA Style, regarding quotations in the text, reference lists, and formats. Writing style.
Because this is your job, you should use your own words if possible. Don't try to write like
scientific articles that are too formal and boring. Use the natural conversation style that you will
use in class. Your writing must be clear, concise, and easy to read. It is also very important that
there are no grammatical, spelling, punctuation, or vocabulary errors in academic writing.
Mistake tells the reader that you don't care.
• Writing Process
• Select a topic.
• Think (brainstorm). Research.
• Find your thesis.
• Package (outline). Write.
• Revise. Edit.
• Proofread.
This guide will discuss each of these steps with you. Beginner writers must follow this
process. However, as you become more experienced, you may find that different sequences work
best for you. It is okay. You will also find that you have to take several steps more than once; for
example, you can do research before choosing a topic, when you elaborate, and when revising.
You certainly need to revise your paper several times before doing final proofreading. And of
course, you can't stop thinking.
a. Select and Narrow a Topic
Sometimes your instructor will give you a list of questions or possible themes, and at other times
you will have the freedom to choose your own topic. Sometimes the task will have a specific
purpose (argumentative essay, analysis paper), and at other times you will have the freedom to
set goals (research papers, term papers). This freedom can be very big and scary. If you have
trouble choosing what to write, start with a few ideas and choose the best after a few steps. You
can also consult with your instructor about the choice of the best topics.
b. How to Choose a Topic
Think about things related to the course you are interested in. If nothing interests you, look in
textbooks, sources recommended by the instructor, course slides, handouts, and current
magazines for possible ideas. Then you need to narrow your ideas from subject to topic. The
subject is a broad concept: conflict management, abortion, the Cold War, capital budgeting,
organizational culture, global warming, Toyota's management style, and the need for EU
agricultural subsidies are some examples. This is not a paper topic; this can all be the subject of a
book. Narrow the subject by looking at its smaller parts, or by choosing a particular problem,
time period, or place to cover. You might need to do a little general research here if you don't
know the tires