Blood

Transfusion
Carmencita R. Pacis PhD MAN RN
 • Review knowledge and understanding of
various blood groups
• Review and practice skills of
administering blood transfusion
Learning • Implement safe and quality nursing care
objectives: during administration of blood
transfusion
• Practice skills in promoting physiologic
responses in the administration of blood
transfusion
 Blood Transfusion(BT)
• Introduction of whole blood or
blood components into venous
circulation

• Replace blood components to

restore the blood’s ability to
transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide, clot, fight infection, and
keep extracellular fluid within the
intravascular compartment
Purpose of
Blood Transfusion (BT)

• To restore blood volume

• To restore the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the
blood.
• To administer required blood
component by the patient
BLOOD GROUPS
BLOOD TYPING
and
CROSSMATCHING
• BLOOD TYPING
• Determines the
presence of the
ABO and Rh
antigens
• CROSSMATCHING
• Identify possible
interactions of
minor antigens
with
corresponding
antibodies
 BLOOD
PRODUCTS
• Whole blood
• Packed red blood
cells (PRBC)
• Autologous red
blood cells
• Fresh frozen
plasma
• Platelets
• Albumin
TRANSFUSION
REACTIONS
Blood
Transfusion
Equipment
• Blood product
• PNSS
• Blood transfusion
set (Y-set)
• IV Catheters and
needles
• Clean gloves &
alcohol swab
• IV pole
• Infusion pump
(optional)
Administering blood
transfusion
• Assess the client’s:
• Vital signs

• Physical examination (fluid balance, heart and lung sounds,

signs of hypo or hypervolemia, status of infusion site, blood
test results)

• Unusual symptoms

• Verify doctor’s order

• Number and type of units

• Desired speed of infusion

• Pre-medications ordered

• Patient’s consent
Administering blood
transfusion
• Prepare the patient (GIE)
• Check ongoing IVF/ IV catheter
• Perform hand hygiene
• Prepare the infusion equipment
• Apply gloves
• Close all clamps on Y-set
• Spike into the saline solution
• Hang on the IV pole
 Administering blood
transfusion
• Open the upper clamp on the saline
solution and squeeze the drip chamber
until it covers the filter and about 1/3 above
the filter
• Prime the tubing
• Connect to client
• Start the saline solution
Administering blood
transfusion
• Obtain the correct blood component from the
blood bank. Check for:
• Doctor’s order with requisition
• Requisition form and blood bag label (Laboratory
technician) – client’s name, ID #, blood type & Rh,
blood donor #, and expiration date
• Verify doctor’s order, transfusion consent form,
client identification, blood unit identification,
blood type, expiration date, compatibility, and
appearance (with another nurse)
• If information does not match, notify charge
nurse and blood bank
• Sign appropriate form with another nurse
• Make sure the blood is left at room temperature
for no more than 30 minutes before starting
transfusion.
Administering
blood transfusion
• Prepare the blood bag
• Invert the bag gently
several times to mix
the cells with plasma
• Expose the port on the
bag and spike the
remaining Y-set into
bag
• Hang on the IV pole
• Establish the blood
transfusion
• Close the upper clamp
below the saline
solution and open the
upper clamp below the
blood bag
• Readjust the flow rate
with the main clamp.
Administering blood
transfusion

• Remove and discard gloves

• Perform hand hygiene
• Observe the client closely for the
first 15 minutes (initial flow rate:
1-2ml/min)
• Assess for transfusion reaction
• Check VS after the initial 15 mins
• After 15 mins, adjust the flow
rate into the computed rate if no
reactions were observed.
Administering blood
transfusion
• Terminate the transfusion once blood is fully
infused
• Flushed with saline solution
• Document the procedure and relevant data
• Date & time procedure started, VS
• Type of blood, blood unit number, sequence
number, site of venipuncture, size of IV
catheter, and flow rate
• Date & time of completion of transfusion,
amount of blood absorbed, blood unit
number, VS
• If saline solution was continued, record
connecting it.
• Record transfusion on the IV flow sheet and
I & O record
Thank You!