Introduction to Water Treatment

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WHY TREAT WATER?
 CONTAMINATED WATER INDUCES DISEASES
 CONTAMINATED WATER INTERFERES WITH INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES

 CONTAMINATIONS - TYPES
 NATURAL
 MAN-MADE

 CONTAMINATIONS - TYPES
 PHYSICAL
 CHEMICAL
 BIOLOGICAL
 RADILOGICAL

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 INFECTIOUS DISEASE?
 An infectious disease is one which can be
transmitted from:
 Person to person
 Animal to person or vice versa
 All infectious diseases are caused by living
organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or
parasitic worms,

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 WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS
 WATER BORNE DISEASES
 Transmission:
 Faecal-oral rout via water/food
 Examples:
 Cholera, Typhoid, Infectious hepatitis, diarrhea, dysentery
 Prevention:
 Improve water quality via treatment and watershed
management

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WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS
 WATER WASHED DISEASES
 Type-1: Infections of intestinal tract
 Transmission: Faecal oral via water/food
 Examples: Diarrhea, cholera, bacillary
dysentery etc.
 Prevention: Improve hygienic conditions;
use adequate quantity of water for body
washing

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WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS
 WATER WASHED DISEASES
 Type-2: Infections of skin or eyes
 Transmission: Through skin or eyes (Not
water borne)
 Examples: Bacterial skin sepsis, scabies,
fungal infection of nails, trachoma leading
to blindness
 Prevention: Improve personal hygiene; use
adequate quantity of water for body
washing
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 WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS

 WATER WASHED DISEASES

 Type-3: Infections carried by lice or mites
 Transmission: Through skin or eyes (Not water
borne)
 Examples: Louse borne typhus, Louse borne
relapsing fever
 Prevention: Improve personal hygiene; use
adequate quantity of water for body washing
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 WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS

 WATER BASED DISEASES

 Type-1: Infections carried by penetrating helminths
 Transmission: Through skin penetration
 Examples: Schistosomoiasis, Guiny worm
 Prevention: Improve personal hygiene; consume
treated water

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 WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS
 WATER BASED DISIEASES
 Type-2: Infections carried by uncooked sea-food
 Transmission: Through food
 Examples: Tapeworms, hookworms in the
stomach
 Prevention: Cook sea-food properly before
consuming

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WATER RELATED
INFECTIONS
 WATER RELATED INSECT VECTOR BASED
 Transmission: Through insects which breed in
water or bite near water
 Examples: Malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever
 Prevention: Destroy breeding sites, don’t visit
polluted water sites

 In developing countries it is usually the

infectious water related diseases which are of
prime importance

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 WATER SOURCES
 SOURCES
 SURFACE WATER
 OCEANS, RIVERS, LAKES,
CANALS, KAREZ, GLACIAL
MELT
 GROUND WATER
 SPRING, TUBEWELLS,
BOREHOLES, DUG-WELL

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SOURCE WATER QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
FACTORS INFLUENCING SOURCE
WATER QUALITY
 NATURAL FACTORS
 CLIMATE
PRECEIPITAION
TEMPERATURE

 WATERSHED
CHARACTERISTICS
TOPOGRAPHY
VEGETATIVE COVER
WILDLIFE

 GEOLOGY
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

 MICROBIAL GROWTH
(NUTRIENTS)
OLIGOTHROPICS
MESOTRPPHIC
EUTROPHIC 17
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