UTL G GS-18 Rev3 Site Conditions & Climate

GENERAL SPECIFICATION Spec GS-18
Unocal Thailand SITE CONDITIONS AND CLIMATE Revision 3

Page 2 of 18
REVISION RECORD
Revision Description Date
1 Add updated environmental criteria on winds, waves and 28/06/93
currents
2 Environmental factors revised as to comply to the API RP2A 28/01/94
20th Edition
3 Updated for additional weather data and Phase 21 Design 18/06/04
Criteria
Page 3 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
TITLE PAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
1.0 SCOPE 5
2.0 LOCATION 5
2.1 General 5
2.2 Concession Area Boundaries 5
2.3 Facility Locations 5
3.0 WIND 5
3.1 General 5
3.2 Annual Wind Speed, Directionality
and Frequency Summary 5
3.3 Prevailing Wind Directions 6
3.4 Tropical Storms and Typhoons 6
4.0 TEMPERATURE 7
4.1 General 7
4.2 Extreme Air Temperatures 7
4.3 Ambient Design Air Temperature 7
4.4 Seawater Temperature 7
5.0 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 7
6.0 PRECIPITATION 7
6.1 General 7
6.2 Maximum Rainfall Rate 7
7.0 OCEANOGRAPHIC 8
7.1 Water Depth 8
7.1.1 Reference Datum 8
7.1.2 Water Depth Variation 8
7.2 Waves 8
7.2.1 General 8
7.2.2 Wave Kinematics 8
7.2.3 Fatigue Waves 9
Page 4 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
7.0 OCEANOGRAPHIC (Cont’d.)

7.2.4 Operating Waves 9
7.2.5 Extreme Wave 9
7.2.6 Special Considerations 9
7.3 Currents 9
7.3.1 Tidal Flow Direction and Speed 9
7.3.2 Wind Driven Current 10
7.3.3 Operating and Extreme Currents 10
7.4 Tidal Range 11
7.4.1 Operating Tides 11
7.4.2 Extreme Surge 11
7.5 Drag and Mass Coefficients 11
7.5.1 General 11
7.5.2 Drag and Mass Coefficients for Static
In-place Analyses 11
7.5.3 Drag and Mass Coefficients for
Fatigue Analyses 11
7.6 Marine Growth 12
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures 2.1 General Location of Unocal Thailand, Ltd. Concession Blocks 13

and Field Developments in the Gulf of Thailand
Figures 3.1 Annual Wind Speeds, Directionality and Frequency (20 minute 14
average wind)
Table 3.1 Annual Wind Speed and Directional Observations 15

4.1 Average Monthly Air Temperature in oF 15
6.1 Average Monthly Rainfall in Inches 15
7.1 Gulf of Thailand Wave Height, Periods, & Direction Statistics 16
7.2 Gulf of Thailand Environmental Wave, Tide, Current and 17
Wind Criteria
7.3 Recommended Drag and Mass Coefficients for Tubular 18
Members
Page 5 of 18
1.0 SCOPE
This general specification defines basic environmental design criteria for design
of Unocal Thailand, Ltd. offshore facilities located in the Gulf of Thailand.
2.0 LOCATION
2.1 General
Figure 2.1 is a site map showing the general location of Unocal Thailand,
Ltd’s concession blocks and field developments in the Gulf of Thailand,
offshore Thailand.
2.2 Concession Area Boundaries
The concession areas are approximately bounded by latitudes 8o30’N to

9o55’N and by longitudes 101o10’E to 101o45’E.
2.3 Facility Locations
Exact platform locations shall be established by Company as required.
3.0 WIND
3.1 General
Unocal has monitored wind speeds in the Gulf of Thailand at a weather

monitoring system in the Erawan field from 1984 to 1988 and in the
Satun field since 1990 (as of December 1999).
3.2 Annual Wind Speed, Directionality and Frequency Summary
Figure 3.1 and Table 3.1 present annual wind data summaries with
regard to wind speed, directionality and frequency. The speeds are 20
minute average wind speeds, corrected to 33 ft (10 m) above Mean Low
Water (MLW). The following U. S. Army Corps of Engineers equation
can convert wind speeds to other averaging intervals (between 1 and
3600 seconds):
Ut 45
= 1.277 + 0.296 tanh(0.9 log )
U 3600 t
where U t is the wind speed averaged over t seconds and U 3600 is the
one hour average wind speed.
Page 6 of 18
3.3 Prevailing Wind Directions
The prevailing wind direction varies during the year as a result of the
movement of the intertropical Convergence Zone. This zone, which is
the boundary between southern and northern hemisphere air masses, is
consistently south of the Gulf of Thailand in the first and last quarters of
the year and is north of the gulf in the middle of the year. During the
middle of the year the winds are generally out of the west and
southwest. From November through March the winds are from the east
and southeast. These periods are called the northeast and southwest
monsoons. During December and January (NE monsoon), 79% of the
time the winds are from the NE, east, and SE. The speeds are less than
11 knots 78% of the time and less than 22 knots 99% of the time.
During the SW monsoons, the winds are from the west and southwest
68% of the time; the winds are less than 11 knots 91% of the time and
less than 22 knots 99% of the time.
3.4 Tropical Storms and Typhoons
Tropical storms (winds exceeding 34 knots) and typhoons (wind

exceeding 64 knots) occur in the Gulf of Thailand. Storms either enter
the gulf from South China Sea or can develop in the gulf. The tropical
storm season normally commences late October and continues through
November and December. The movement of the Intertropical
Convergence Zone from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern
Hemisphere determines the exact timing of the tropical storm season.
Wind direction during a storm can be from any direction; the direction
depends on the position of the storm center relative to the site.
As of December 1999, 56 cyclonic storms have been observed in the

Gulf of Thailand since 1950, of which four have reached typhoon
strength. All but three storms occurred during the September through
December interval, with forty occurring in October and November. The
Gulf of Thailand design environmental condition as defined by API
RP2A shall be based on a typhoon generated condition similar to a Gulf
of Mexico hurricane.
4.0 TEMPERATURE
4.1 General
The Gulf of Thailand climate is classified as tropical. Table 4.1 lists the
average annual and monthly air temperatures.
Page 7 of 18
4.2 Extreme Air Temperatures
High 97oF
Low 60oF
4.3 Ambient Design Air Temperature
The ambient design air temperature shall be 84oF.
4.4 Seawater Temperature
Seawater Temperature at the seabed shall be taken as a minimum 80oF.
The mean seawater temperature at the surface shall be taken as 83oF.

The extreme range is from 73 to 93oF.
5.0 RELATIVE HUMDITY
Relative humidity shall be set at 100 percent for design purposes. Water vapor
is salt laden and corrosive.
6.0 PRECIPITATION
6.1 General
Table 6.1 gives the average monthly rainfall as recorded at Ban Don,
(latitude 9o8’N, longitude 99o18’E).
The annual mean rainfall is 66 inches/year
6.2 Maximum Rainfall Rate
Maximum rainfall rate for design purposes shall be four inches (4") in a
two-hour period.
Page 8 of 18
7.0 OCEANOGRAPHIC
7.1 Water Depth
7.1.1 Reference Datum
Water depth and tidal range reported in the design of all Unocal
Thailand facilities shall be referenced to Chart Datum. Chart
Datum shall be referenced to the lowest astronomical tide (L. A.
T.).
L. A. T. is defined as the lowest level predicted to occur under

average meteorological conditions and a combination of
astronomical conditions.
7.1.2 Water Depth Variation
Range of water depths in Unocal Thailand field developments in

the Gulf of Thailand is approximately 185 feet to 240 feet.
7.2 Waves
7.2.1 General
Wave climates have been monitored in the Gulf of Thailand since

October 1984. Measured data indicates mild seas. Swell effects
need not be considered in the Gulf of Thailand.
7.2.2 Wave Kinematics
Design wave kinematics for the design of Unocal Thailand’s

offshore facilities shall be based on Stokes V order wave theory.
The two dimensional regular wave kinematics obtained from
Stokes V order wave theory do not account for wave spreading or
irregularities in wave profile of a typhoon condition. These
characteristics may be compensated for by multiplying the
horizontal wave velocities and accelerations by the wave
kinematic factor, given Table 7.2.
7.2.3 Fatigue Waves
Table 7.1 specifies the percent of the year sea states (significant
wave height, zero-crossing period and direction) occur. The wave
data given in Table 7.1 shall be used in the fatigue analysis of
Page 9 of 18
Gulf of Thailand facilities (spectral fatigue analyses are

recommended).
7.2.4 Operating Waves
Operating wave given in Table 7.2 shall be used in the design of

Gulf of Thailand facilities under operating condition. The wave is
assumed not to be typhoon generated.
The 5-year operating condition wave shall be used for facilities
designed for use with a tender-assisted drill rig (wellhead
platforms). The 5-year wave height represents the maximum
permissible operational wave height in which tender assisted drill
rigs can maintain operation.
All Gulf of Thailand facilities which are not designed for a tender
assisted drill rig shall also use the 10-year condition operating
wave for the operating environmental condition.
7.2.5 Extreme Wave
The extreme wave height for use in the design environmental

condition for Gulf of Thailand offshore structures shall be the 100-
year wave shown in Table 7.2. The wave is assumed to be
typhoon generated.
7.2.6 Special Considerations
In special circumstances, such as a minimal structure (see API

RP2A Sec 16), a platform may be designed for a 50-year storm
condition and a 1-year operating condition.
7.3 Currents
Two components were considered in establishing current design criteria,

tidal current and current driven by wind stress on the sea surface. The
total design current shall be the summation of tidal and wind induced
currents.
7.3.1 Tidal Flow Direction and Speed
Measured tidal current data show current flow is generally toward

the north, northwest on the rising tide and reverses to the
southeast during falling tide.
Page 10 of 18
The strongest flow is toward the north northwest about 2 hours

after low tide during a diurnal tide cycle with a maximum speed of
1.18 ft./sec. (0.7 knots). Current speeds during semidiurnal tides
are 0.51 ft./sec. (0.3 knots).
7.3.2 Wind Driven Current
There is no evidence that moderate winds affect the tides,

however, strong wind existing for an extended period of time do
induce surface currents.
Operating and design condition currents given in Table 7.2

include wind affects.
7.3.3 Operating and Extreme Currents
Table 7.2 gives operating and design environmental condition,

currents to be used for design of Gulf of Thailand facilities.
Current and wave interaction for Gulf of Thailand structures shall
be as specified herein.
Current Blockage; shall only be considered relevant for Unocal

Thailand wellhead platform’s operating and extreme currents, as
specified in Table 7.2.
Current/Wave Coincidence; allows for the observed lag of

maximum current with maximum extreme wave and the
independence of the tidal current during the typhoon season (4th
quarter of the year) previously measured and taken as 1.83
ft./sec. Hence the design environmental condition shall assume
a current/wave coincidence, current factor of the 100-year
extreme current, given in Table 7.2.
u = Cf (U - 1.83) + 1.83
u = Design Current Depth Dependent
U = 100-Year Return Period Current (Table 7.2)
Cf = Current Factor (0.5 for 100 and 50-year condition)
Apparent Wave Period; (Doppler Effect) Gulf of Thailand current

data indicates currents are relatively weak at the storm peak and
have a low probability of aligning with wave direction, the
adjustment for apparent wave period shall not be applied.
Current Directional Factor; The current is assumed to align with

the wave direction.
Page 11 of 18
7.4 Tidal Range
Tidal data from the Satun field weather station has been used to infer
the nature of tides in central Gulf of Thailand. Tidal range depends on
season and lunar orbit, tides are mixed for any given month consisting of
a diurnal (daily) tidal component and a semidiurnal (twice daily) tidal
component.
Table 7.2 summarize tidal variations to be used in the design of Gulf of

Thailand facilities.
7.4.1 Operation Tides
Typical tidal range is 2.6 ft during diurnal phase and 1.3 ft. during
the semidiurnal phase. The mean sea level also oscillates
0.66 ft. during the month due to atmospheric and other driving
forces.
7.4.2 Extreme Surge
Extreme surge due to reduced atmospheric pressure in the center

of a tropical cyclone shall be taken as 1.0 ft.
7.5 Drag and Mass Coefficients
7.5.1 General
Wave forces on Unocal Thailand offshore facilities shall be

calculated using the Morison wave force equation. Empirical drag
and mass coefficients contained in the Morison wave force
equation shall be those specified in Table 7.3. The values given
account for the effect of marine growth roughness on wave force.
7.5.2 Drag and Mass Coefficients for Static In-place Analyses
Drag and mass coefficients for static in-place analyses shall be

those specified in Table 7.3.
7.5.3 Drag and Mass Coefficients for Fatigue Analyses
Table 7.3 gives the mass and drag coefficients to be used in the
fatigue analysis of Gulf of Thailand offshore structures.
Page 12 of 18
7.6 Marine Growth
Radial Marine Growth specified in Table 7.2 shall be used for the design
of offshore structures in the Gulf of Thailand. Coverage shall be
assumed to be 100% on structure components and appurtenances
including boat landings, barge bumpers, caissons, conductors, risers
and riser and caissons protectors. Coverage shall extend from mean
high water to mudline.
Specific gravity of marine growth shall be taken as 1.3.

Page 13 of 18
FIGURE 2.1 General Location of Unocal Thailand, Ltd. concession Blocks

and Field Developments in the Gulf of Thailand
Page 14 of 18
6.8
8.8
6.4
14.0
11.3
16.9 11.9
23.7
0 10 20 30
% FREQUENCY
WINDSPEED
(KNOTS)
0-4 4-11 11-22 22-34 34-48
FIGURE 3.1 Annual Wind Speeds, 20 minute Averages, Directionality and

Frequency (Wind from) Based on Table 3.1
Page 15 of 18
Table 3.1: ANNUAL WIND SPEED AND DIRECTIONAL OBSERVATIONS
Speed 20 Minute Average Wind Speed (knots, percent of year direction from)
Range
N NE E SE S SW W NW Percent
0-4 1.918 1.652 2.309 3.824 3.335 5.025 3.259 1.722 23.043
4-11 4.037 5.420 8.637 17.680 8.435 11.352 6.727 3.636 65.924
11-22 0.824 1.732 3.068 2.224 0.177 0.605 1.262 1.022 10.913
22-34 0.019 0.038 0.021 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.009 0.021 0.113
34-48 0 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.003
48 + 0 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.003
Percent 6.798 8.848 14.034 23.730 11.948 16.984 11.256 6.401 100.00
Table 4.1: AVERAGE MONTHLY AIR TEMPERATURE IN oF
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave
80 82 83 88 90 89 87 87 83 81 81 79 84
Table 6.1: AVERAGE MONTHLY RAINFALL IN INCHES
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
2.5 1.1 1.2 3.8 0.8 5.7 5.2 5.7 7.7 10.6 12.3 9.4 66.0
Page 16 of 18
7.1: GULF OF THAILAND WAVE HEIGHT, PERIOD, & DIRECTION STATISTICS

(Percent of year waves toward)
Hs (ft) Tz (sec) N NE E SE S SW W NW
0-2 0-2 0.0006 0.0029 0.0 0.0 0.0034 0.0060 0.0016 0.0076
2-3 2.6253 2.8017 1.5276 1.1140 0.7100 0.8479 1.3447 6.5587
3-4 4.2096 4.4814 2.3225 1.4015 1.0446 0.9733 2.5803 11.2032
4-5 0.2245 0.3057 0.0331 0.0470 0.0683 0.0578 0.3646 1.4386
5-6 0.0 0.0006 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0172 0.0308
2-4 2-3 0.0253 0.0381 0.0250 0.0120 0.0186 0.0251 0.0110 0.0638
3-4 2.9039 3.6430 3.0744 1.6415 0.8477 0.8075 2.5183 6.2291
4-5 1.4698 1.6958 1.2386 0.7406 0.5266 0.9946 3.7737 6.1566
5-6 0.0443 0.0248 0.0029 0.0034 0.0085 0.0262 0.1664 0.3459
4-6 3-4 0.0242 0.0243 0.0250 0.0092 0.0034 0.0071 0.0083 0.0405
4-5 0.6114 1.0903 1.0421 0.6169 0.2969 0.4616 2.0593 1.8834
5-6 0.0743 0.1618 0.0378 0.0309 0.1625 0.3034 0.9425 0.6880
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005 0.0
6-8 3-4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0006 0.0 0.0 0.0
4-5 0.0294 0.0300 0.0366 0.0246 0.0203 0.0142 0.0605 0.0211
5-6 0.0668 0.0595 0.0762 0.0183 0.1298 0.2335 0.5305 0.2335
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0006 0.0033 0.0110 0.0065
8-10 4-5 0.0006 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0016 0.0005 0.0
5-6 0.0 0.0 0.0081 0.0 0.0181 0.0486 0.0642 0.0059
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0113 0.0082 0.0099 0.0076
10-12 5-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0011 0.0071 0.0115 0.0
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0079 0.0076 0.0193 0.0054
12-14 5-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0044 0.0010 0.0
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0087 0.0224 0.0011
7-8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005 0.0 0.0011
14-16 5-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0011 0.0000 0.0
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0082 0.0089 0.0
7-8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0033 0.0068 0.0016
16-18 5-6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0011 0.0 0.0
6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0016 0.0010 0.0
7-8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0011 0.0031 0.0
18-20 6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0022 0.0 0.0
7-8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005 0.0
8-9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005 0.0
20++ 6-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0027 0.0 0.0
7-8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0005 0.0 0.0
Percent 12.3100 14.3600 9.4500 5.6600 3.8800 4.8700 14.5670 34.9300
Page 17 of 18
TABLE 7.2: GULF OF THAILAND ENVIRONMENTAL WAVE, TIDE, CURRENT,

AND WIND CRITERIA
API RP2A Conditions Design Condition Operating Conditions
Return Period (Years) 100 50 10 5 1
Waves
Height Crest to Trough, ft. 43.50 38.70 26.70 21.10 16.10
Period, sec. 10.60 10.10 9.00 8.50 8.10
Wave Kinematic Factor 0.88 0.88 1.00 1.00 1.00
Apparent Wave Period Refer to API RP2A Sec 2.3.1b
Tides
Highest Astronomical Tide, ft. 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10
Mean High Water, ft. 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80
Mean Low Water, ft. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lowest Astronomical Tide, ft. -0.30 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30
Storm Surge, ft. 1.00 1.00 - - -
Total Tide, ft. 4.80 4.80 3.80 3.80 3.80
Current Velocity, ft./sec.

(Depth below MLW in ft)
0 (Surface) 3.86 3.71 3.34 3.26 2.90
5 2.45 2.43 2.29 2.27 2.16
10 2.31 2.15 2.19 2.17 2.09
20 2.17 2.03 2.08 2.07 2.01
30 2.09 1.97 2.02 2.01 1.96
40 to mudline 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83
Current Blockage Factor - Wellheads 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90

- Others 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Current/Wave Coincidence, Cf 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00

Current Factor
Marine Growth
Radial, (in) : MHW 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
- 38 ft 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
- 65 ft 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
- 144 ft 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
- 168 ft 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
: mudline 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
(interpolate linearly between elevations)
Wind Speeds (33 ft. above MLW)

3 sec. Gust, mph 122 109 73 57 38
One Minute Sustained, mph. 100 89 60 47 32
One Hour Sustained, mph 84 74 50 39 26
Page 18 of 18
TABLE 7.3: RECOMMENDED DRAG AND MASS COEFFICIENTS FOR

TUBULAR MEMBERS
Interia Coefficient In-Place Fatigue
Above Still Water Level 1.60 2.0

Below Still Water Level 1.20 2.0
Drag Coefficient
Above Still Water Level 0.65 0.5

Below Still Water Level 1.05 0.8

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GENERAL SPECIFICATION Spec GS-18

Unocal Thailand SITE CONDITIONS AND CLIMATE Revision 3

5.0 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 7

7.0 OCEANOGRAPHIC (Cont’d.)

FIGURES AND TABLES

Figures 2.1 General Location of Unocal Thailand, Ltd. Concession Blocks 13

Table 3.1 Annual Wind Speed and Directional Observations 15

2.2 Concession Area Boundaries

The concession areas are approximately bounded by latitudes 8o30’N to

2.3 Facility Locations

Exact platform locations shall be established by Company as required.

Unocal has monitored wind speeds in the Gulf of Thailand at a weather

3.2 Annual Wind Speed, Directionality and Frequency Summary

3.3 Prevailing Wind Directions

3.4 Tropical Storms and Typhoons

Tropical storms (winds exceeding 34 knots) and typhoons (wind

As of December 1999, 56 cyclonic storms have been observed in the

4.2 Extreme Air Temperatures

4.3 Ambient Design Air Temperature

The ambient design air temperature shall be 84oF.

4.4 Seawater Temperature

Seawater Temperature at the seabed shall be taken as a minimum 80oF.

The mean seawater temperature at the surface shall be taken as 83oF.

5.0 RELATIVE HUMDITY

The annual mean rainfall is 66 inches/year

6.2 Maximum Rainfall Rate

7.1 Water Depth

7.1.1 Reference Datum

L. A. T. is defined as the lowest level predicted to occur under

7.1.2 Water Depth Variation

Range of water depths in Unocal Thailand field developments in

Wave climates have been monitored in the Gulf of Thailand since

7.2.2 Wave Kinematics

Design wave kinematics for the design of Unocal Thailand’s

7.2.3 Fatigue Waves

Gulf of Thailand facilities (spectral fatigue analyses are

7.2.4 Operating Waves

Operating wave given in Table 7.2 shall be used in the design of

7.2.5 Extreme Wave

The extreme wave height for use in the design environmental

7.2.6 Special Considerations

In special circumstances, such as a minimal structure (see API

Two components were considered in establishing current design criteria,

7.3.1 Tidal Flow Direction and Speed

Measured tidal current data show current flow is generally toward

The strongest flow is toward the north northwest about 2 hours

7.3.2 Wind Driven Current

There is no evidence that moderate winds affect the tides,

Operating and design condition currents given in Table 7.2

7.3.3 Operating and Extreme Currents

Table 7.2 gives operating and design environmental condition,

Current Blockage; shall only be considered relevant for Unocal

Current/Wave Coincidence; allows for the observed lag of

Apparent Wave Period; (Doppler Effect) Gulf of Thailand current

Current Directional Factor; The current is assumed to align with

7.4 Tidal Range

Table 7.2 summarize tidal variations to be used in the design of Gulf of

7.4.1 Operation Tides

7.4.2 Extreme Surge

Extreme surge due to reduced atmospheric pressure in the center

7.5 Drag and Mass Coefficients

Wave forces on Unocal Thailand offshore facilities shall be

7.5.2 Drag and Mass Coefficients for Static In-place Analyses

Drag and mass coefficients for static in-place analyses shall be

UTL G GS-18 Rev3 Site Conditions & Climate

UTL G GS-18 Rev3 Site Conditions & Climate