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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 1
Topic 4 – Energy, work and power
1
1 Two cars, P and Q, have different masses and different speeds as shown.
mass mass
1000 kg 500 kg
speed speed
10 m / s 20 m / s
car P car Q
ES
Which row correctly compares the momentum and the kinetic energy of P with the momentum
and the kinetic energy of Q?
C
momentum kinetic energy
R
A P greater than Q P equal to Q
U
B P equal to Q P equal to Q
O
C P equal to Q P less than Q
ES
D P less than Q P greater than Q
2
2 A car of mass 800 kg travels over a hill of height h.
R
N
SA
By travelling to the top of the hill, the car gains 40 000 J of gravitational potential energy.
AH
The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.
What is the height h of the hill?
R
A 5.0 m B 20 m C 50 m D 500 m
SI
3
3 The box contains the names of eight different energy resources.
natural gas geothermal solar waves
hydroelectric oil wind coal
How many of these energy resources are renewable?
A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6
©IGCSE Physics Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakim Abbas 2017/v5
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 2
4
4 A lamp has a power input of 5.0 W. It wastes 1.0 W of power heating the surroundings.
What is the efficiency of the lamp?
A 20% B 50% C 80% D 120%
5
5 The diagram shows a dam holding back water.
ES
65 m water
C
dam
R
U
The depth of the water is 65 m.
O
The density of the water is 1000 kg / m3. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N /
ES
kg. What is the pressure exerted at the base of the dam due to the water?
A 15.4 Pa B 154 Pa C 65 000 Pa D 650 000 Pa
R
6
6 A skier walks from the bottom of a ski slope to the top and gains 10 000 J of gravitational
potential energy.
N
She skis down the slope. At the bottom of the slope, her kinetic energy is 2000 J.
SA
AH
R
SI
How much energy is dissipated in overcoming friction and air resistance as the skier moves down
the slope?
A 2000 J B 8000J C 10 000 J D 12 000 J
7
7 A coal-fired power station generates electricity. Coal is burnt and the energy released is used to
boil water. The steam from the water makes the generator move and this produces electricity.
Which words are used to describe the energy stored in the coal and the energy of the moving
generator?
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 3
coal generator
A chemical hydroelectric
B chemical kinetic
C geothermal hydroelectric
D geothermal kinetic
8
8 Four different children run up the same set of stairs.
ES
For which child is the useful power to climb the stairs the greatest?
C
mass of child / kg time taken / s
R
A 40 15
U
B 50 25
C 60 25
O
ES
D 70 15
9
9 What needs to be known to calculate the work done by a force acting on an object?
R
N
SA
AH
R
SI
10
10 Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission. In which order is the energy transferred
in this process?
A nuclear fuel → generator → reactor and boiler → turbines
B nuclear fuel → generator → turbines → reactor and boiler
C nuclear fuel → reactor and boiler → generator → turbines
D nuclear fuel → reactor and boiler → turbines → generator
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 4
11
11 Which energy resource is used to generate electricity without using any moving parts?
A geothermal
B hydroelectric
C nuclear
D solar
12
12 A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X, without pedalling. The cyclist applies his brakes
and the cycle stops at point Y.
ES
C
R
U
Which energy changes have taken place between X and Y?
A
O
gravitational potential → kinetic → thermal (heat)
ES
B gravitational potential → thermal (heat) → kinetic
C kinetic → gravitational potential → thermal (heat)
R
D kinetic → thermal (heat) → gravitational potential
N
13
13 The list contains three energy resources P, Q and R.
SA
P geothermal energy from hot rocks
Q nuclear fission in reactors
AH
R sunlight on solar panels
Which of these resources are renewable?
R
A P and Q only
SI
B P and R only
C Q and R only
D P, Q and R
14
14 Which movement will require the greatest amount of work to be done?
A a force of 10 N moving an object a distance of 3.0 m
B a force of 10 N moving an object a distance of 5.0 m
C a force of 15 N moving an object a distance of 3.0 m
D a force of 15 N moving an object a distance of 5.0 m
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 5
15
15 Which energy transfer takes place when a matchstick burns?
A chemical to thermal
B chemical to nuclear
C nuclear to chemical
D thermal to chemical
16
16 Four cars are driven along a road.
The table shows the work done by the engine in each car and the time taken by each car.
ES
Which engine produces the most power?
work done by time taken /
C
engine / J s
R
A 50 000 20
U
B 50 000 40
O
C 100 000 20
D 100 000 40
ES
17
17 Some energy sources are reliably available at all times, and some are not.
R
Which row shows three sources all in their correct columns?
N
SA
available at all times not available at all times
A geothermal nuclear fission, solar
AH
B geothermal, nuclear fission solar
C solar, nuclear fission geothermal
R
D solar nuclear fission, geothermal
SI
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 6
18
18 A woman in a factory has to lift a box on to a shelf.
high shelf
box
low shelf
ES
Which action involves the woman in doing the least amount of work?
C
A lifting the box quickly to the high shelf
R
B lifting the box slowly to the high shelf
U
C lifting the box to the low shelf first then lifting it to the high shelf
O
D lifting the box to the low shelf instead of to the high shelf
ES
19
19 The diagram shows a hydroelectric system.
R
N
reservoir
pipe
SA
AH
water
power
R
station
SI
What are the main energy changes taking place?
A chemical energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
B electrical energy → gravitational energy → kinetic energy
C gravitational energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy
D kinetic energy → electrical energy → gravitational energy
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 7
20
20 An escalator (moving stairs) and a lift (elevator) are both used to carry passengers from the
same underground railway platform up to street level.
ES
C
R
U
escalator lift
O
The escalator takes 20 seconds to carry a man to street level. The useful work done is W. The
ES
useful power developed is P. The lift takes 30 seconds to carry the same man to street level.
How much useful work is done by the lift, and how much useful power is developed by the lift?
R
useful work useful power
done by lift developed by lift
N
A more than W less than P
SA
B more than W P
AH
C W less than P
D W P
R
21
21 A power station uses nuclear fission to obtain energy.
SI
In this process, nuclear energy is first changed into
A chemical energy.
B electrical energy.
C gravitational energy.
D thermal (heat) energy.
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 8
22
22 A car moves along a level road at constant speed. Work is done by the engine and power is
developed by the engine.
Which pair of graphs shows how the work done and the power developed vary with time?
ES
C
R
U
O
ES
23
23 A person lifts boxes of equal weight on to a platform.
R
N
boxes
SA
platform
AH
Which quantity will not affect the work done by the person?
A the height of the platform above the ground
R
B the number of boxes lifted
SI
C the time taken to lift the boxes
D the weight of the boxes
24
24 In which pair of energy sources are both sources renewable?
A. oil and coal
B. oil and tidal
C. tidal and geothermal
D. tidal and nuclear fission
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 9
25
25 A skier walks from the bottom of a ski slope to the top and gains 10 000 J of gravitational
potential energy.
She skis down the slope. At the bottom of the slope, her kinetic energy is 2000 J.
ES
How much energy was converted into thermal energy and sound energy as the skier moved
C
down the slope?
R
A 2000 J B 8000 J C 10 000 J D 12 000 J
U
26
26 An object on a thread is swinging between X and Z, as shown in the diagram. It is momentarily
at rest at X and at Z.
O
ES
R
thread
N
SA
X Z
Y
AH
An incomplete word equation about the energy of the object is shown
below.
R
gravitational potential energy = kinetic energy + ……… energy + energy losses
SI
at X at Y at Y
Which form of energy is needed to complete the word equation?
A chemical
B gravitational potential
C internal
D strain
©IGCSE Physics Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakim Abbas 2017/v5
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 10
27
27 Which row gives an example of the stated form of energy?
form of energy example
A gravitational the energy due to the movement of a train along a level track
B internal the energy due to the flow of cathode rays in a cathode-ray tube
C kinetic the energy due to the position of a swimmer standing on a high
diving board
D strain the energy due to the compression of springs in a car seat
ES
28
28 Which energy resource is used to generate electricity by first boiling water?
hydroelectric
C
A
B nuclear fission
R
C tides
U
D waves
O
29
29 Two farmers use an electrically powered elevator to lift bales of hay. All the bales of hay have
ES
the same mass.
R
bale of hay
N
SA
AH
As sunset approaches, they increase the speed of the motor so that more bales are lifted up in a
given time.
How does this affect the work done in lifting each bale and the useful output power of the motor?
R
SI
work done in lifting useful output power
each bale of the motor
A increases decreases
B increases increases
C no change decreases
D no change increases
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 11
30
30 A force F moves a load from the bottom of a slope to the top.
ES
C
R
The work done by the force depends on the size of the force, and on a distance.
U
O
What is this distance?
ES
A p B q C r D p+q
31
31 Energy is stored in a battery and in a box of matches.
R
Which type of energy is stored in each of them?
N
a battery a box of matches
SA
A chemical chemical
AH
B chemical internal (thermal)
C electrical chemical
D electrical internal (thermal)
R
SI
32
32 A man lifts 20 bricks, each of weight 6 N.
What other information is needed to calculate the useful work done in lifting the bricks?
A the distance he lifts the bricks
B the mass of the bricks
C the time taken to lift the bricks
D the volume of the bricks
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Topic 4 – Energy, work and power 12
33
33 Which of these is designed to change electrical energy into kinetic energy?
A a capacitor
B a generator
C a motor
D a transformer
34
34 A car is driven on a long journey along a flat, horizontal road. The car stops several times on
the journey and its engine becomes hot.
ES
Which type of energy does not change during the journey?
A the chemical energy in the fuel tank
C
B the gravitational energy of the car
R
C the internal (thermal) energy of the engine
the kinetic energy of the car
U
D
O
ES
R
N
SA
AH
R
SI
©IGCSE Physics Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakim Abbas 2017/v5
