Ap22 FRQ Physics C Mechanics Set 1

2022
AP Physics C:
®
Mechanics
Free-Response Questions
Set 1
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ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Proton mass, m p 1.67 10 27 kg Electron charge magnitude, e 1.60 10 19 C
Neutron mass, mn 1.67 10 27 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV 1.60 10 19 J
Electron mass, me 9.11 10 31 kg Speed of light, c 3.00 108 m s
Universal gravitational
Avogadro’s number, N 0 6.02 10 23 mol 1
constant,
G
6.67 10 11 N<m 2 kg 2
Acceleration due to gravity
Universal gas constant, R 8.31 J (mol <K)
at Earth’s surface, g 9.8 m s2
Boltzmann’s constant, k B 1.38 10 23 J K
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1u 1.66 10 27 kg 931 MeV c 2
Planck’s constant, h 6.63 10 34 J <s 4.14 10 15 eV <s
hc 1.99 10 25 J <m 1.24 103 eV < nm
Vacuum permittivity, e0
8.85 10 12 C2 N < m 2
Coulomb’s law constant, k 1 4 pe0
9.0 109 N< m 2 C2
Vacuum permeability, m0 4 p 10 7 (T <m) A
Magnetic constant, k m0 4 p 1 10 7 (T< m) A
1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm 1.0 105 N m 2 1.0 105 Pa
meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T
UNIT second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, C
SYMBOLS
ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV
kelvin, K joule, J henry, H
PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

D
Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30D 37D 45D 53D 60D 90D
109 giga G sin q 0 12 35 2 2 45 3 2 1
106 mega M cos q 1 3 2 45 2 2 35 12 0
103 kilo k tan q 0 3 3 34 1 43 3
10 2 centi c
10 3 milli m The following assumptions are used in this exam.
10 6 micro m I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise
stated.
10 9 nano n II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges
10 12 pico p would drift.
III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated
point charge.
IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.
V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are
negligible unless otherwise stated.
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Ãx Ãx 0 a x t a = acceleration G 1 q1q2 A = area
E= energy FE B = magnetic field
1 2 4pe0 r 2
x x0 Ãx 0 t at F = force C = capacitance
2 x G
f = frequency G FE d = distance
Ãx2 Ãx 0 2 a x x x0
2
E
h = height q E = electric field
G G I = rotational inertia e emf
=
G
a
ÇF Fnet
J = impulse G G Q F = force
m m
K = kinetic energy vÔ E < dA e0 I = current
G G k = spring constant J = current density
dp dV
F A = length Ex L = inductance
dt dx
L = angular momentum A = length
G G G G G
J m= mass n = number of loops of wire
Ô F dt Dp
P = power
DV Ô E <dr
per unit length
G G p = momentum N = number of charge carriers
p mv 1 q
r = radius or distance V Ç rii per unit volume
G G 4pe0 P = power
F f m FN T = period i
t = time Q = charge
G G 1 q1q2 q = point charge
U= potential energy UE qV
DE W Ô F <dr 4pe0 r R = resistance
v = velocity or speed
1 2 W= work done on a system r = radius or distance
K mÃ Q
2 x = position DV t = time
C
m = coefficient of friction U = potential or stored energy
dE k e0 A V = electric potential
P q = angle C
dt d
t = torque v = velocity or speed
G G r = resistivity
P F <v w = angular speed Cp
a = angular acceleration
Ç Ci F = flux
i
DUg mg Dh f = phase angle k = dielectric constant
G G 1 1 G G G
Fs k D x Cs
ÇC FM qv B
Ã2 i i
ac w2r G G
r
G G G
Us
1
k Dx
2
I
dQ vÔ < d A m0 I
B
2 dt
t r F G
x xmax cos( wt f
G m0 I d A r
G G 1
QDV
1
C DV 2 dB
G Çt t net UC 4p r 2
a 2 2
I I 2p 1 G G G
T rA
w f R F Ô AB
I d
2 2 A
I Ô r dm Ç mr
m G G Bs m0 nI
Ts 2p E rJ
k
Ç mi xi G G
x cm I Nevd A FB Ô B < dA
Ç mi Tp 2p
A
g G G
Ã rw DV d FB
G I e vÔ < d A
E
G Gm1m2 R dt
G G G FG
L r p Iw r2 Rs Ç Ri dI
e L
1 2 Gm1m2 i dt
K Iw UG
2 r 1 1 1 2
ÇR UL LI
Rp i i 2
w w0 at
1 2 P I DV
q q0 w0 t at
2
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS
Rectangle A = area df d f du
A bh C = circumference dx du dx
V = volume
Triangle d n
S = surface area x nx n 1
1 dx
A bh b = base
2 d ax
h = height e aeax
Circle  = length dx
A pr2 w = width d 1
ln ax
r = radius dx x
C 2p r s = arc length d
s rq q = angle dx
>sin ax @ a cos ax
Rectangular Solid
d
V wh dx
>cos ax @ a sin ax
Cylinder s
r n 1 n 1
V pr 
2
q
Ôx dx
n 1
x , n 1
ax 1 ax
S 2p r  2p r 2
Ôe dx e
a
Sphere
dx
4 3 Ôxa ln x a
V pr
3
1
S 4p r 2 Ô cos ax dx a
sin ax
1
Right Triangle Ô sin ax dx cos ax
a
a 2 b2 c2
VECTOR PRODUCTS
a  
sin q
c A B AB cos q
c  
b a AB AB sin q
cos q
c q 90°
b
a
tan q
b
AP® Physics C: Mechanics 2022 Free-Response Questions
Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.
PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time—45 minutes
3 Questions
Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in this
booklet in the spaces provided after each part.
1. A block of mass m is pulled across a rough horizontal table by a string connected to a motor that is attached to the
floor. The string passes over a pulley with negligible friction that is vertically aligned with the left edge of the
table as shown. The string and pulley both have negligible mass. The pulley is at height H above the table. The
motor exerts a constant force of tension FT on the string, and the block remains in contact with the table at all
times as the block slides across the table from x = L to x = 0. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the table
and the block is mk . Express all algebraic answers in terms of m, H , FT , x , mk , L , and physical constants as
appropriate.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
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5
Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.
(a) On the dot below that represents the block, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the block
when the block is at x = L . Each force must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away
from, the dot.
(b) Derive an expression for the angle q that the string makes with the horizontal as a function of x .

6
(c)
i. Derive an expression for the normal force FN exerted on the block by the table as a function of the
block’s position x .
ii. Derive an expression for the magnitude of the net horizontal force Fnet exerted on the block as a
function of the position x .

7
(d) Write, but do not solve, an integral expression that could be used to solve for the work W done by the string
on the block as the block moves from x = L to x = 0.
(e) Does the string do more, less, or the same amount of work on the block as the block moves from x = L to
L L
x= compared to when the block moves from x = to x = 0 ?
2 2
L
______ More work when the block moves from x = L to x =
2
L
______ Less work when the block moves from x = L to x =
2
L
______ The same amount of work when the block moves from x = L to x =
2
Justify your answer.

8
2. Cart 1 of mass m1 is held at rest above the bottom of an incline. Cart 2 has mass m 2, where m 2 > m1, and is at
rest at the bottom of the incline. At time t = 0, Cart 1 is released and then travels down the incline and smoothly
transitions to the horizontal section. The center of mass of Cart 1 moves a vertical distance of H , as shown. At
time tC , Cart 1 reaches the bottom of the incline and immediately collides with and sticks to Cart 2 . After the
collision, the two-cart system moves with constant speed v. Frictional and rotational effects are negligible.
(a) During the collision, is the impulse on Cart 1 from Cart 2 greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of
the impulse on Cart 2 from Cart 1 ?
___ Greater than ___ Less than ___ Equal to

9
(b) On the following axes, draw graphs of the magnitude of the momentum of each cart as a function of time t ,
before and after tC . The collision occurs in a negligible amount of time. The grid lines on each graph are
drawn to the same scale.
(c) Show that the velocity v of the two-cart system after the collision is given by the equation
⎛ m1 ⎞
v= 2g ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ H .
⎜⎜⎝ m1 + m 2 ⎟⎟
⎠

10
(d) A group of students use the setup to perform an experiment. They measure the mass of Cart 1 to be
m1 = 0.250 kg . The mass of Cart 2 is unknown. The students perform several trials and in each trial, Cart 1 is
released from a different height H and the final velocity of the two-cart system is measured. The students
graph v as a function of H , as shown below.
i. Draw a line that represents the best fit to the data points shown.
ii. Use the best-fit line to calculate the mass of Cart 2 .

11
(e) After the experiment, the students use a balance to measure the mass of Cart 2 and find it to be less than what
was determined in part (d). To explain this discrepancy, one of the students proposes that the mass of Cart 1
was incorrectly measured at the beginning of the experiment. The students measure the mass of Cart 1 again
and record a new value, m1′.
Should the students expect that m1′ will be greater than 0.250 kg, less than 0.250 kg, or equal to 0.250 kg ?
_____m1′ > 0.250 kg _____m1′ < 0.250 kg _____ m1′ = 0.250 kg


12
3. A solid uniform disk is supported by a vertical stand. The disk is able to rotate with negligible friction about an
axle that passes through the center of the disk. The mass and radius of the disk are given by Md and R,
1
respectively. The rotational inertia of the disk is Id = Md R 2. A string of negligible mass is draped over the disk
2
and attached to the top of the disk at point P. One end of the string is connected to an unstretched ideal spring of
spring constant k , which is fixed to the ground as shown in Figure 1.
A block of mass mB is then attached to the string on the right side of the disk. The block is slowly lowered until
the spring-disk-block system reaches equilibrium, as shown in Figure 2 . In this equilibrium position, the disk has
rotated clockwise through a small angle q .
Give all algebraic answers in terms of Md , R, k , q , and physical constants, as appropriate.

13
(a) Derive an expression for the mass mB of the block.
(b) At time t = 0, the string on the right side of the disk is cut and the block falls to the ground. On the circle
below, which represents the disk, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the disk immediately
after the string is cut and the block is falling to the ground. Each force should be represented by an arrow that
starts on and is directed away from the point of application.
(c) Derive an expression for the angular acceleration a of the disk immediately after the string is cut.

14
(d) At t = t1, the disk has rotated and point P is again directly above the axle. Sketch a graph of the magnitude of
the angular velocity w of the disk as a function of time t from t = 0 to t = t1.

15
(e) The disk is adjusted on the support so that the axle does not pass through the center of mass of the disk. The
block is again hung on the right side of the disk and the spring-disk-block system comes to equilibrium, as
shown in Figure 3. The axle does not exert a torque on the disk. For each force on the disk, indicate whether
the magnitude of the torque about the axle caused by that force increases, decreases, or stays the same relative
to part (b).

16
STOP
END OF EXAM

17

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2022

meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F

PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY CALCULUS

Begin your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 1 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Begin your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

___ Greater than ___ Less than ___ Equal to

Justify your answer.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

ii. Use the best-fit line to calculate the mass of Cart 2 .

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 2 on this page.

_____m1′ > 0.250 kg _____m1′ < 0.250 kg _____ m1′ = 0.250 kg

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Begin your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

spring constant k , which is fixed to the ground as shown in Figure 1.

Give all algebraic answers in terms of Md , R, k , q , and physical constants, as appropriate.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

(a) Derive an expression for the mass mB of the block.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

Continue your response to QUESTION 3 on this page.

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

© 2022 College Board.

© 2022 College Board.

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_ Greater than _ Less than ___ Equal to

___m1′ > 0.250 kg _m1′ < 0.250 kg ___ m1′ = 0.250 kg