Chapter 8 Practice

Chapter 8
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Chapter 8 Resource Masters
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 XXX 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04
Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii-viii Lesson 8-7
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Lesson 8-1 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Lesson 8-8
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Lesson 8-2 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Chapter 8 Assessment
Chapter 8 Test, Form 1A . . . . . . . . . . . . 341-342
Lesson 8-3 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1B . . . . . . . . . . . . 343-344
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1C . . . . . . . . . . . . 345-346
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . 347-348
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . 349-350
Chapter 8 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . . 351-352
Lesson 8-4 Chapter 8 Extended Response
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Chapter 8 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Chapter 8 Quizzes A & B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Chapter 8 Quizzes C & D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Lesson 8-5 Chapter 8 SAT and ACT Practice . . . . . 357-358
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Chapter 8 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Unit 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361-362
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Unit 2 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363-366
Lesson 8-6
Study Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet,
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 10 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet,
20 Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2
ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3-A19
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

A Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 8 Resource Masters
The Fast File Chapter Resource system allows you to conveniently file the
resources you use most often. The Chapter 8 Resource Masters include the core
materials needed for Chapter 8. These materials include worksheets, extensions,
and assessment options. The answers for these pages appear at the back of this
booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in
the Advanced Mathematical Concepts TeacherWorks CD-ROM.
Vocabulary Builder Pages vii-viii include a Practice There is one master for each lesson.
student study tool that presents the key These problems more closely follow the
vocabulary terms from the chapter. Students are structure of the Practice section of the Student
to record definitions and/or examples for each Edition exercises. These exercises are of
term. You may suggest that students highlight or average difficulty.
star the terms with which they are not familiar.
When to Use These provide additional
When to Use Give these pages to students practice options or may be used as homework
before beginning Lesson 8-1. Remind them to for second day teaching of the lesson.
add definitions and examples as they complete
each lesson.
Enrichment There is one master for each

lesson. These activities may extend the concepts
Study Guide There is one Study Guide in the lesson, offer a historical or multicultural
master for each lesson. look at the concepts, or widen students’
perspectives on the mathematics they are
When to Use Use these masters as learning. These are not written exclusively
reteaching activities for students who need for honors students, but are accessible for use
additional reinforcement. These pages can also
with all levels of students.
be used in conjunction with the Student Edition
as an instructional tool for those students who When to Use These may be used as extra
have been absent. credit, short-term projects, or as activities for
days when class periods are shortened.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Assessment Options Intermediate Assessment
The assessment section of the Chapter 8 • A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option to
Resources Masters offers a wide range of assess the first half of the chapter. It is
assessment tools for intermediate and final composed of free-response questions.
assessment. The following lists describe each • Four free-response quizzes are included to
assessment master and its intended use. offer assessment at appropriate intervals in
the chapter.
Chapter Assessments Continuing Assessment

• The SAT and ACT Practice offers
Chapter Tests
continuing review of concepts in various
• Forms 1A, 1B, and 1C Form 1 tests contain formats, which may appear on standardized
multiple-choice questions. Form 1A is tests that they may encounter. This practice
intended for use with honors-level students, includes multiple-choice, quantitative-
Form 1B is intended for use with average- comparison, and grid-in questions. Bubble-
level students, and Form 1C is intended for in and grid-in answer sections are provided
use with basic-level students. These tests
on the master.
are similar in format to offer comparable
testing situations. • The Cumulative Review provides students
an opportunity to reinforce and retain skills
• Forms 2A, 2B, and 2C Form 2 tests are as they proceed through their study of
composed of free-response questions. Form advanced mathematics. It can also be used
2A is intended for use with honors-level as a test. The master includes free-response
students, Form 2B is intended for use with
questions.
average-level students, and Form 2C is
intended for use with basic-level students.
These tests are similar in format to offer
comparable testing situations. Answers
• Page A1 is an answer sheet for the SAT and
All of the above tests include a challenging ACT Practice questions that appear in the
Bonus question. Student Edition on page 549. Page A2 is an
• The Extended Response Assessment answer sheet for the SAT and ACT Practice
includes performance assessment tasks that master. These improve students’ familiarity
are suitable for all students. A scoring with the answer formats they may
rubric is included for evaluation guidelines. encounter in test taking.
Sample answers are provided for • The answers for the lesson-by-lesson
assessment. masters are provided as reduced pages with
answers appearing in red.
• Full-size answer keys are provided for the
assessment options in this booklet.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Chapter 8 Leveled Worksheets
Glencoe’s leveled worksheets are helpful for meeting the needs of every
student in a variety of ways. These worksheets, many of which are found
in the FAST FILE Chapter Resource Masters, are shown in the chart
below.
• Study Guide masters provide worked-out examples as well as practice
problems.
• Each chapter’s Vocabulary Builder master provides students the
opportunity to write out key concepts and definitions in their own
words.
• Practice masters provide average-level problems for students who
are moving at a regular pace.
• Enrichment masters offer students the opportunity to extend their
learning.
Five Different Options to Meet the Needs of

Every Student in a Variety of Ways
primarily skills
primarily concepts
primarily applications
BASIC AVERAGE ADVANCED
1 Study Guide
2 Vocabulary Builder
3 Parent and Student Study Guide (online)
4 Practice
5 Enrichment
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vi Advanced Mathematical Concepts

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Reading to Learn Mathematics
Vocabulary Builder
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 8.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description.
Remember to add the page number where you found the term.
Found Definition/Description/Example
Vocabulary Term on Page
component
cross product
direction
dot product
equal vectors
inner product
magnitude
opposite vectors
parallel vectors
parameter
(continued on the next page)
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Reading to Learn Mathematics
Vocabulary Builder (continued)
Found Definition/Description/Example
Vocabulary Term on Page
parametric equation
polyhedron
resultant
scalar
scalar quantity
standard position
unit vector
vector
vector equation
zero vector
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-1 Study Guide

Geometric Vectors
The magnitude of a vector is the length of a directed line
segment. The direction of the vector is the directed angle
between the positive x-axis and the vector. When adding or
subtracting vectors, use either the parallelogram or the
triangle method to find the resultant.
Example 1 Use the parallelogram method to find the

sum of .
v and w

Copy v and w , placing the initial points
together.
Form a parallelogram that has v and w as two
of its sides.
Draw dashed lines to represent the other two
sides.
The resultant is the vector from the vertex of
v
to the opposite vertex of the
and w
parallelogram.
Use a ruler and protractor to measure the
magnitude and direction of the resultant.
The magnitude is 6 centimeters, and the
direction is 40°.
Example 2 Use the triangle method to find 2v .

3w
3w
2v 2v
(3w
)
Draw a vector that is twice the magnitude of v
to represent 2v. Then draw a vector with the
and three times its
opposite direction to w
magnitude to represent 3w . Place the initial
point of 3w on the terminal point of 2v
.
Tip-to-tail method.
Draw the resultant from the initial point of the
first vector to the terminal point of the second
3w
vector. The resultant is 2v .
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 317 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-1 Practice
Geometric Vectors
Use a ruler and a protractor to determine the magnitude
(in centimeters) and direction of each vector.
1. 2. 3.
Find the magnitude and direction of each resultant.

4.
x y 5.
x z

6. 2x y 7.
y 3z
Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of

each vector shown in Exercises 1-3.
8.
x 9.
y
10. z
11. Aviation An airplane is flying at a velocity of 500 miles per hour

due north when it encounters a wind blowing out of the west at
50 miles per hour. What is the magnitude of the airplane's resultant
velocity?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-1 Enrichment
More Than Two Forces Acting on an Object
Three or more forces may work on an object at one time. Each of these
forces can be represented by a vector. To find the resultant vector that
acts upon the object, you can add the individual vectors two at a time.
Example A force of 80 N acts on an object at an
angle of 70° at the same time that a
force of 100 N acts at an angle of 150 °.
A third force of 120 N acts at an angle
of 180°. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force acting on
the object.
Add two vectors at a time. The order in which the vectors

are added does not matter.
Add the 80-N vector and Now add the resulting vector
the 100-N vector first. to the 120-N vector.
The resultant force is 219 N, with an amplitude of 145°.
Find the magnitude and amplitude of the resultant force acting on each object.
1. One force acts with 40 N at 50° on 2. One force acts with 75 N at 45°. A
an object. A second force acts with second force acts with 90 N at 90°.
100 N at 110°. A third force acts with A third force acts with 120 N at 170°.
10 N at 150°. Find the magnitude Find the magnitude and amplitude
and amplitude of the resultant of the resultant force.
force.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-2 Study Guide

Algebraic Vectors
Vectors can be represented algebraically using ordered pairs
of real numbers.
Example 1 Write the ordered pair that represents the vector

from X(2, 3) to Y(4, 2). Then find the
magnitude of XY.
First represent
XY as an ordered pair.

XY x2 x1, y2 y1
4 2, 2 (3)
6, 5
Then determine the magnitude of XY.

XY (x
x)2
( y
y)2
2 1 2 1
(4 2) [2 (3)]
22
(6 )2
52
6 1

XY is represented by the ordered pair 6, 5
and has a magnitude of 6 1
units.
Example 2 Let s 4, 2 and t 1, 3. Find each of the

following.
a. s t s t
b.
s t 4, 2 1, 3
s t 4, 2 1, 3

4 (1), 2 3 4 (1), 2 3
3, 5 5, 1
c. 4s t
d. 3s

4s 44, 2 t 34, 2 1, 3
3s
4 4, 4 2 12, 6 1, 3
16, 8 11, 9
A unit vector in the direction of the positive
x-axis is represented by i, and a unit vector in
the direction of the positive y-axis is represented
by j. Vectors represented as ordered pairs can be
written as the sum of unit vectors.
Example 3 as the sum of unit vectors for M(2, 2)

Write MP
and P(5, 4).
as an ordered pair.
First write MP
5 2, 4 2
MP
3, 2
Then write MP as the sum of unit vectors.
3i 2j
MP

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-2 Practice
Algebraic Vectors
Write the ordered pair that represents
AB. Then find the

magnitude of AB.
1. A(2, 4), B(1, 3) 2. A(4, 2), B(5, 5) 3. A(3, 6), B(8, 1)
Find an ordered pair to represent

u in each equation if

v 2, 1 and
w 3, 5.
4.
u 3v
5. u
w 2v
6. 3w
u 4v 7.
3v
u 5w
Find the magnitude of each vector, and write each vector as the
sum of unit vectors.
8. 2, 6 9. 4, 5
10. Gardening Nancy and Harry are lifting a stone statue and
moving it to a new location in their garden. Nancy is pushing the
statue with a force of 120 newtons (N) at a 60° angle with the
horizontal while Harry is pulling the statue with a force of
180 newtons at a 40° angle with the horizontal. What is the
magnitude of the combined force they exert on the statue?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-2 Enrichment
Basis Vectors
The expression v ru s
w, the sum of two vectors each multiplied by
scalars, is called a linear combination of the vectors u and w
.
Every vector v v2 can be written as a

linear combination of any two nonparallel vectors
Linear Combination
and w
u . The vectors u and w
are said to form a
Theorem in v2
basis for the vector space v2 which contains
all vectors having 1 column and 2 rows.
Example
Write the vector v as a linear combination of
2
5
and w
the vectors u .
2 1
3 4
r s
–2
5
2
3
1
–4
2r s
3r 4s
–2 2r s
5 3r 4s
Solving the system of equations yields the solution

3 16 3 16
r –
11
and s –
11
–
. So, v 11

u w
11
.
Write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors u and w.

1
__
1 –3 2 1 2

1. v
,u
, w –2
2. v –1

,u
,w 4
5 4 3 1
, u , w
_1_ _1_
0 2 –1 4

3. v 2

,u
, w 2

4. v –7 –3
–1 4 1 2

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-3 Study Guide

Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space
Ordered triples, like ordered pairs, can be used to represent
vectors. Operations on vectors respresented by ordered triples
are similar to those on vectors represented by ordered pairs.
For example, an extension of the formula for the distance
between two points in a plane allows us to find the distance
between two points in space.
Example 1 Locate the point at (1, 3, 1).

Locate 1 on the x-axis, 3 on the y-axis,
and 1 on the z-axis.
Now draw broken lines for parallelograms to
represent the three planes.
The planes intersect at (1, 3, 1).
Example 2 Write the ordered triple that represents the

vector from X(4, 5, 6) to Y(2, 6, 3). Then find
the magnitude of XY.

XY (2, 6, 3) (4, 5, 6)
2 (4), 6 5, 3 6
2, 1, 3
(x
XY 2
x1)2
( y2
y)2
(z2
z)2
1 1

[2
(4)]
(6
5)
(3
2 2 6) 2

(2) (1)
2 2 (3) 2
1
4
or 3.7
Example 3 if
Find an ordered triple that represents 2s 3t

s 5, 1, 2 and t 4, 3, 2.
25, 1, 2 34, 3, 2
3t
2s
10, 2, 4 12, 9, 6
22, 7, 2
Example 4 as the sum of unit vectors for A(5, 2, 3)

Write AB
and B(4, 2, 1).
First express
AB as an ordered triple. Then write
the sum of the unit vectors i, j, and k
.

AB (4, 2, 1) (5, 2, 3)
4 5, 2 (2), 1 3
9, 4, 2
9i 4j 2k

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-3 Practice
Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space
Locate point B in space. Then find the magnitude of a vector from
the origin to B.
1. B(4, 7, 6) 2. B(4, 2, 6)
Write the ordered triple that represents

AB . Then find the
magnitude of AB .
3. A(2, 1, 3), B(4, 5, 7) 4. A(4, 0, 6), B(7, 1, 3)
5. A(4, 5, 8), B(7, 2, 9) 6. A(6, 8, 5), B(7, 3, 12)
Find an ordered triple to represent

6, 8, 9.
v 2, 4, 5 and w
7.
u
v
w 8.
u
v
w
9. 3w
u 4v 10. 2w
u 5v
11. Physics Suppose that the force acting on an object can be

expressed by the vector 85, 35, 110, where each measure in
the ordered triple represents the force in pounds. What is the
magnitude of this force?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-3 Enrichment
Basis Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space
The expression v r
u s w tz, the sum of three vectors each
, w
multiplied by scalars, is called a linear combination of the vectors u ,
.
and z
Every vector v v3 can be written as a linear combination of any
three nonparallel vectors. The three nonparallel vectors, which must
be linearly independent, are said to form a basis for v3, which contains

1
Example
Write the vector v 4 as a linear combination of
3

1 1 1

the vectors u 3
, w 2
, and z 1 .
1 1 1

–1 1 1 –1 rst
–4 r 3 s –2 t –1 3r 2s t
3 1 1 1 rst
–1 r s t
– 4 3r 2s t
3rst

r 0, s 1, and t 2. So, v
w
2
z.
, w
Write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors u , and z.

–6 1 1 0

1. v –2
, u 1
, w 0
, and z 1
2 0 1 1

5 1 –1 4

2. v –2
,u –2
, w 0
, and z 2
0 3 1 –1

1 1 2 1

3. v –1
, u 2
, w 2
, and z 0
2 –1 1 1

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-4 Study Guide

Perpendicular Vectors
Two vectors are perpendicular if and only if their inner
product is zero.
Example 1 Find each inner product if u 5, 1, v

3, 15,
2, 1. Is either pair of vectors perpendicular?
and w
v
a. u w
b. v
v
u 5(3) 1(15) w
v 3(2) 15(1)
15 15 6 (15)
0 21
and v
u are perpendicular. and w
v are not perpendicular.
Example 2 Find the inner product of r and s if r

3, 1, 0
and
s 2, 6, 4. Are
r and s perpendicular?
r s (3)(2) (1)(6) (0)(4)
6 (6) 0
0
r and s are perpendicular since their inner
product is zero.
Unlike the inner product, the cross product of two vectors is
a vector. This vector does not lie in the plane of the given
vectors but is perpendicular to the plane containing the two
vectors.
Example 3 Find the cross product of if v

v and w 0, 4, 1
and w 0, 1, 3. Verify that the resulting vector
is perpendicular to v and w.

i j k
w
v 0 4 1

0 1 3

41 13i 00 13j 00 41k Expand by minors.
11i 0j 0k

11i or 11, 0, 0
Find the inner products.
11, 0, 0 0, 4, 1 11, 0, 0 0, 1, 3)
11(0) 0(4) 0(1) 0 11(0) 0(1) 0(3) 0
Since the inner products are zero, the cross
w
product v is perpendicular to both v and w
.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-4 Practice
Perpendicular Vectors
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors are
perpendicular. Write yes or no.
1. 3, 6 4, 2 2. 1, 4 3, 2 3. 2, 0 1, 1
4. 2, 0, 1 3, 2, 3 5. 4, 1, 1 1, 3, 4 6. 0, 0, 1 1, 2, 0
Find each cross product. Then verify that the resulting vector is
perpendicular to the given vectors.
7. 1, 3, 4 1, 0, 1 8. 3, 1, 6 2, 4, 3
9. 3, 1, 2 2, 3, 1 10. 4, 1, 0 5, 3, 1
11. 6, 1, 3 2, 2, 1 12. 0, 0, 6 3, 2, 4
13. Physics Janna is using a force of 100 pounds to push a cart up

a ramp. The ramp is 6 feet long and is at a 30° angle with the
horizontal. How much work is Janna doing in the vertical
direction? (Hint: Use the sine ratio and the formula W Fd.)

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-4 Enrichment
Vector Equations
Let a and c
, b, 2x b x 2 c
be fixed vectors. The equation f (x) a
defines a vector function of x. For the values of x shown, the
assigned vectors are given below.
x –2 –1 0 1 2
f (x) a 4c
4b a c
2b
a a c
2b 4c
4b
a
If a 1, 1, and c

0, 1, b 2, –2, the resulting vectors for the
values of x are as follows.
x –2 –1 0 1 2
f (x) 12,–3 4, 1 0, 1 0,–3 4,–11
For each of the following, complete the table of resulting vectors.

3x
2x2 b
1. f (x) x 3a c x f (x)
a
1, 1 b 2, 3 c 3, –1 –1
0
1
2
2. f (x) 2x 2a 5
3x b c x f (x)
a
0, 1, 1 b 1, 0, 1 1, 1, 0
c –2
–1
0
1
3. f (x) x 2 c
3xa 4b x f (x)
1, 1, 1 b
a 3, 2, 1 0, 1, 2
c 0
1
2
3
4. f (x) x3a 3
xb c x f (x)
a
0,1, –2 b 1, –2, 0 c
–2, 0, 1 –1
0
1
3

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-5 Study Guide

Applications with Vectors
Vectors can be used to represent any quantity that has
direction and magnitude, such as force, velocity, and weight.
Example Suppose Jamal and Mike pull on the ends of a

rope tied to a dinghy. Jamal pulls with a force
of 60 newtons and Mike pulls with a force of
50 newtons. The angle formed when Jamal and
Mike pull on the rope is 60°.
a. Draw a labeled diagram that represents
the forces.
and F
Let F represent the two forces.
1 2
b. Determine the magnitude of the

resultant force.
First find the horizontal (x) and vertical ( y)
components of each force.
Given that we place F on the x-axis, the unit
1

vector is 1i 0j.
Therefore, the x- and y-components of F are
1

60i 0j.
xi yj
F 2 y
cos 60° x sin 60°
50
50
x 50 cos 60° y 50 sin 60°
25 43.3
Thus, F 25i 43.3j.
2
Then add the unit components.

(60i 0j) (25i 43.3j) 85i 43.3j
8
F 5
2
34.3
2
909
9.8
9
95.39
The magnitude of the resultant force is
95.39 newtons.
c. Determine the direction of the resultant force.
43
tan .3 Use the tangent ratio.
85
43
tan1 .3
85
27°
The direction of the resultant force is 27° with
respect to the vector on the x-axis.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-5 Practice
Applications with Vectors
Make a sketch to show the given vectors.
1. a force of 97 newtons acting on an object while a force of 38 newtons
acts on the same object at an angle of 70° with the first force
2. a force of 85 pounds due north and a force of 100 pounds due west
acting on the same object
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector for each
diagram.
3. 4.
5. What would be the force required to push a 200-pound object up a

ramp inclined at 30° with the ground?
6. Nadia is pulling a tarp along level ground with a force of 25

pounds directed along the tarp. If the tarp makes an angle of 50°
with the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of
the force.
7. Aviation A pilot flies a plane east for 200 kilometers, then 60°
south of east for 80 kilometers. Find the plane's distance and
direction from the starting point.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-5 Enrichment
Linearly Dependent Vectors
The zero vector is 0, 0 in two dimensions, and 0, 0, 0 in three
dimensions.
A set of vectors is called linearly dependent if and only if there
exist scalars, not all zero, such that a linear combination of the
vectors yields a zero vector.
Example Are the vectors –1, 2, 1, 1, –1, 2, and 0, –2, –6
linearly dependent?
Solve a–1, 2, 1 b1, –1, 2 c0, –2, –6 0, 0, 0.
–a b 0
2a b 2c 0
a 2b 6c 0
The above system does not have a unique solution. Any
solution must satisfy the conditions that a b 2c.
1
Hence, one solution is a 1, b 1, and c .
2
–1, 2, 1 1, –1, 2 0, –2, –6 0, 0, 0, so the
three vectors are linearly dependent.
Determine whether the given vectors are linearly dependent. Write yes or no. If the
answer is yes, give a linear combination that yields a zero vector.
1. –2, 6, 1, –3 2. 3, 6, 2, 4
3. 1, 1, 1, –1, 0, 1, 1, –1, –1 4. 1, 1, 1, –1, 0, 1, –3, –2, –1
5. 2, –4, 6, 3, –1, 2, –6, 8, 10

6. 1, –2, 0, 2, 0, 3, –1, 1,
9

4

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-6 Study Guide

Vectors and Parametric Equations
Vector equations and parametric equations allow us to
model movement.
Example 1 Write a vector equation describing a line passing

through P1(8, 4) and parallel to
a 6, 1. Then
write parametric equations of the line.
Let the line through P1(8, 4) be parallel to a .
For any point P2(x, y) on , P1 P2x 8, y 4.
, P1 P2 ta
Since P1 P2 is on and is parallel to a ,
for some value t. By substitution, we have
x 8, y 4 t6, 1.
Therefore, the equation x 8, y 4 t6, 1
is a vector equation describing all of the points (x, y)
through P1(8, 4).
on parallel to a
Use the general form of the parametric
equations of a line with a1, a2 6, 1
and x1, y1 8, 4.
x x1 ta1 y y1 ta2
x 8 t(6) y 4 t(1)
x 8 6t y4t
Parametric equations for the line are x 8 6t
and y 4 t.
Example 2 Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the

line whose parametric equations are x 3 4t
and y 3 4t.
Solve each parametric equation for t.
x 3 4t y 3 4t
x 3 4t y 3 4t
x 3 t y3
t
4 4
Use substitution to write an equation for the line

without the variable t.
x 3 y3
4
4
Substitute.
(x 3)(4) 4( y 3) Cross multiply.
4x 12 4y 12 Simplify.
yx6 Solve for y.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-6 Practice
Vectors and Parametric Equations
Write a vector equation of the line that passes through point P
and is parallel to
a. Then write parametric equations of the line.
1. P(2, 1),
a 3, 4 2. P(3, 7),
a 4, 5
3. P(2, 4),
a 1, 3 4. P(5, 8),
a 9, 2
Write parametric equations of the line with the given equation.

5. y 3x 8 6. y x 4
7. 3x 2y 6 8. 5x 4y 20
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line with the

given parametric equations.
9. x 2t 3 10. x t 5
yt4 y 3t
11. Physical Education Brett and Chad are playing touch football
in gym class. Brett has to tag Chad before he reaches a 20-yard
marker. Chad follows a path defined by x 1, y 19 t0, 1,
and Brett follows a path defined by x 12, y 0 t11, 19.
Write parametric equations for the paths of Brett and Chad. Will
Brett tag Chad before he reaches the 20-yard marker?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-6 Enrichment
Using Parametric Equations to Find the
Distance from a Point to a Plane
You can use parametric equations to help you find the distance from a
point not on a plane to a given plane.
Example Find the distance from P(1, 1, 0) to the plane

x 2y z 4.
Use the coefficients of the equation of the plane and the
coordinates of the point to write the ratios below.
x1 y1 z0

–1
1 2
The denominators of these ratios represent a vector that

is perpendicular to the plane, and passes through the
given point.
x+1
Set t equal to each of the above ratios. Then, t = ,
1
y1 z0
t= , and t = .
2 –1
So, x t 1, y 2t 1, and z –t are parametric

equations of the line.
Substitute these values into the equation of the plane.

(t 1) 2(2t 1) (–t) 4
Solve for t: 6t 1 4
1
t
2
1
This means that t
2
at the point of
intersection of the vector and the plane.

The point of intersection is 1

2 1,
1, 2
1

2
1

2

or
2
1
, 2, .
2
1

Use the distance formula:

1 12 (1 2)2 0 12 1.2 units
2 2
d
Find the distance from the given point to the given plane. Round your answers to the
nearest tenth.
1. from (2, 0, –1) to x 2y z 3 2. from (1, 1, –1) to 2x y 3z 5

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-7 Study Guide

Modeling Motion Using Parametric Equations
We can use the horizontal and vertical components of a
projectile to find parametric equations that represent the
path of the projectile.
Example 1 Find the initial horizontal and vertical velocities

of a soccer ball kicked with an initial velocity of
33 feet per second at an angle of 29° with the
ground.
x v
v  cos y v
v  sin
x 33 cos 29°
v y 33 sin 29°
v
x 29
v y 16
v
The initial horizontal velocity is about 29 feet
per second and the initial vertical velocity is
about 16 feet per second.
The path of a projectile launched from the ground may be
described by the parametric equations x tv  cos for
horizontal distance and y tv 1
 sin gt for vertical
2
2
distance, where t is time and g is acceleration due to gravity.
Use g 9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2.
Example 2 A rock is tossed at an intitial velocity of

50 meters per second at an angle of 8° with
the ground. After 0.8 second, how far has
the rock traveled horizontally and vertically?
First write the position of the rock as a pair of
parametric equations defining the postition of
the rock for any time t in seconds.
 cos
x tv  sin 1 gt2
y tv 2
x t(50) cos 8° y t(50) sin 8° 12(9.8)t2 v
 50 m/s
x 50t cos 8° y 50t sin 8° 4.9t2
Then find x and y when t 0.8 second.

x 50(0.8) cos 8° y 50(0.8) sin 8° 4.9(0.8)2
39.61 2.43
After 0.8 second, the rock has traveled about

39.61 meters horizontally and is about 2.43 meters
above the ground.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-7 Practice
Modeling Motion Using Parametric Equations
Find the initial horizontal and vertical velocity for each situation.
1. a soccer ball kicked with an initial velocity of 39 feet per second at
an angle of 44° with the ground
2. a toy rocket launched from level ground with an initial velocity of

63 feet per second at an angle of 84° with the horizontal
3. a football thrown at a velocity of 10 yards per second at an angle

of 58° with the ground
4. a golf ball hit with an initial velocity of 102 feet per second at an
angle of 67° with the horizontal
5. Model Rocketry Manuel launches a toy rocket from ground

level with an initial velocity of 80 feet per second at an angle of
80° with the horizontal.
a. Write parametric equations to represent the path of the rocket.
b. How long will it take the rocket to travel 10 feet horizontally

from its starting point? What will be its vertical distance at
that point?
6. Sports Jessica throws a javelin from a height of 5 feet with an

initial velocity of 65 feet per second at an angle of 45° with the
ground.
a. Write parametric equations to represent the path of the
javelin.
b. After 0.5 seconds, how far has the javelin traveled horizontally
and vertically?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-7 Enrichment
Coordinate Equations of Projectiles
The path of a projectile after it is launched is a parabola when graphed
on a coordinate plane.
The path assumes that gravity is the only force acting on the
projectile.
The equation of the path of a projectile on the coordinate plane is
given by,
x
g
y–
2v0 cos 2
2
2 (tan )x,
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2,

v0 is the initial velocity, and is the angle at which the
projectile is fired.
Example Write the equation of a projectile fired at an angle

of 10° to the horizontal with an initial velocity of
120 m/s.
x
9.8
y–
2(120)2 cos 2 10°
2 (tan 10°)x
y – 0.00035x2 0.18x
Find the equation of the path of each projectile.

1. a projectile fired at 80° to the 2. a projectile fired at 40° to the
horizontal with an initial velocity horizontal with an initial velocity
of 200 ft/s of 150 m/s

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-8 Study Guide

Transformation Matrices in Three-Dimensional Space
Example 1 Find the coordinates of the vertices of the
pyramid and represent them as a vertex matrix.
A(2, 2, 2)
B(2, 2, 2)
C(2, 2, 2)
D(2, 2, 2)
E(0, 0, 2)
A B C D E
x 2 2 2 2

0
The vertex matrix for the pyramid is y 2 2 2 2 0.
z 2 2 2 2 2
Example 2 Let M represent the vertex matrix of the pyramid

in Example 1.

1 0 0
a. Find TM if T 0 1 0 .
0 0 1
b. Graph the resulting image and describe the
transformation represented by matrix T.
a. First find TM. A B C D E

1 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0
TM 0 1 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 0
0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b. Then graph the points
represented by the resulting
matrix.
The transformation matrix reflects the image

of the pyramid over the xz-plane.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-8 Practice
Transformation Matrices in Three-Dimensional Space
Write the matrix for each figure.
1. 2.
Translate the figure in Question 1 using the given vectors. Graph each image and
write the translated matrix.
3.
a 1, 2, 0 4.
b 1, 2, 2
Transform the figure in Question 2 using each matrix. Graph each

image and describe the result.

5. 2 0 0 6. 1 0 0
0 2 0 0 1 0
0 0 2 0 0 1

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-8 Enrichment
Spherical Coordinates
There are many coordinate systems for locating a point in the
two-dimensional plane. You have studied one of the most com-
mon systems, rectangular coordinates. The most commonly
used three-dimensional coordinate systems are the extended
rectangular system, with an added z-axis, and the spherical
coordinate system, a modification of polar coordinates.
Note that the orientation of the axes shown is a different

perspective than that used in your textbook.
Point P(d, , ) in three-dimensional space is located using

three spherical coordinates:
d distance from origin
angle relative to x -axis
angle relative to y-axis
The figure at the right shows point Q with rectangular coor-

dinates (2, 5, 6).
1. Find OA and AB.
2. Find OB by using the Pythagorean theorem.
3. Find QB.
4. Find d.
5. Use inverse trigonometric functions to find and to the nearest

degree. Write the spherical coordinates of Q.
Find the spherical coordinates of the point with the given rectangular coordinates.
Round distances to the nearest tenth and angles to the nearest degree.
6. (4, 12, 3)
7. (–2, –3, –1)
8. (a, b, c)

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1A
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of
each problem.
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 89.7 feet and a direction of 12° 48. 1. ________
Find the magnitude of its vertical component.
A. 887.47 ft B. 19.87 ft C. 19.38 ft D. 87.58 ft
2. What is an expression for x
involving r, s, and t ? 2. ________
A. 3r s t B. 3r s t
C. 3r s t D. 3r s t
3. Find the ordered pair that represents the vector from 3. ________
A(4.3, 0.9) to B(2.8, 0.2). Then find the magnitude of AB.
A. 1.5, 1.1; 3.46 B. 7.1, 0.7; 7.13
C. 1.5, 1.1; 1.86 D. 7.1, 1.1; 7.18
4. Find the ordered triple that represents the vector from A(1.4, 0.3, 7.2) 4. ________
to B(0.4, 9.1, 8.2). Then find the magnitude of AB.
A. 1.8, 9.4, 15.4; 18.13 B. 1, 8.8, 1; 8.91
C. 1.8, 9.4, 15.4; 12.33 D. 1, 8.8, 1; 8.80
5. Find an ordered pair to represent u u 43 w
in 2v 2, 4
if w
5. ________

3 3
, 2 .
and v 8

A. 14, 7 B. 54, 1
C. 14, 4
D. 54, 7
6. Find an ordered triple to represent x 6 z 1 y
in x
4
2, 18, 4
if y
5 6. ________

and z 1, 3, 1 .
2 4 6
A. 25 4
, 0,
8 5 B. 72, 0, 45
C. 72, 0, 65
D. 72, 383, 45
as the sum of unit vectors for M 3, 5, 2 and N 6, 9, 3 .
7. Write MN 4 3 5
7. ________
27 1
A. i 14 j k 2 1 1
B. i 14 j k
4 15 4 15
C. 9i 8290 j 943 k
2 7
D. 4 i 14 j 115

k
8. Find the inner product of a

and b 4, 5, 1 and
if a 4 3
8. ________
1
3

b 2, 2, 2 , and state whether the vectors are perpendicular.
A. 5; no B. 5; yes C. 0; yes D. 0; no
9. Find the cross product of v and w if v 1 3

, 4, and w
3 8 5
6, 4, 4 . 9. ________

15
A.
10
7 ,
11
12
35
,
15
6
B. 163,
10 12
11
,
35
15
6

C. 1
157
0
3 5
, 3, 15
6 D. 16
10
3 , 11
,
12
35
15
6

10. Find the magnitude and direction of the 10. ________
resultant vector for the diagram at the right.
A. 8.2 N, 73° 35B. 20 N, 18° 37
C. 6.5 N, 79° 7 D. 8.2 N, 83° 48
11. A force
F 1 of 35 newtons pulls at an angle of 15° north of due east. 11. ________

A force F 2 of 75 newtons pulls at an angle of 55° west of due south.
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
A. 43.8 N, 54.1° west of due south B. 43.8 N, 39.1° west of due south
C. 42.2 N, 54.1° west of due south D. 42.2 N, 27.4° west of due south
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1A (continued)
Write a vector equation of the line that passes through point P and is
. Then write parametric equations of the line.
parallel to a
12. P(1, 3); a 6, 1 12. ________
A. x 1, y 3 t6, 1; x 1 6t, y 3 t
B. x 1, y 3 t6, 1; x 1 6t, y 3 t
C. x 1, y 3 t6, 1; x 1 6t, y 3 t
D. x 1, y 3 t6, 1; x 1 6t, y 3 t
2, 9
13. P(0, 5); a 13. ________
A. x, y 5 t2, 9; x 2t, y 5 9t
B. x, y 5 t2, 9; x 2t, y 5 9t
C. x 2, y 9 t0.5; x 2, y 9 5t
D. x 2, y 9 t0, 5; x 2, y 9 5t
14. Which graph represents a line whose parametric equations are 14. ________
x 2t 4 and y t 2?
A. B. C. D.
15. Write parametric equations of 3x 12 y 23. 15. ________

A. x t; y 6t 43 B. x t; y 6t 13
C. x t; y 6t 13 D. x t; y 6t 43
16. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line whose 16. ________
parametric equations are x 12 t 23 and y t 34.
A. y 2x 17
2
B. y 2x 17
2
C. y 2x 17
2
D. y 2x 7
12
Darius serves a volleyball with an initial velocity of 34 feet per
second 4 feet above the ground at an angle of 35°.
17. What is the maximum height, reached after about 0.61 seconds? 17. ________
A. 2.14 ft B. 9.94 ft C. 5.94 ft D. 6.14 ft
18. After how many seconds will the ball hit the ground if it landed 39 feet 18. ________
away and it is not to be returned?
A. 1.2 B. 1.3 C. 1.4 D. 0.4
A triangular prism has vertices at A(2, 1, 1), B(2, 1, 4), C(2, 2, 1),
D(1, 1, 1), E(1, 1, 4), and F(1, 2, 1).
19. Which image point has the coordinates (3, 2, 1) after a translation 19. ________
using the vector 5, 1, 3?
A. C B. B C. E D. F
20. What point represents a reflection of B over the yz-plane? 20. ________
A. B(2, 1, 4) B. B(2, 1, 4)
C. B(2, 2, 4) D. B(2, 1, 4)
Bonus Find the cross product of 4 v 3 and 1 w if v 2, 12, 3 Bonus: ________
2
and w 7, 4, 6.
A. 2, 87, 527B. 62
4 5 2 3 ,
27
8 2
5
, 7 C.
425 , 287, 527 D. 425, 287 , 629
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1B
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of
each problem.
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 6.1 inches and a direction of 55°. Find 1. ________
the magnitude of its vertical component.
A. 5.00 in. B. 10.64 in. C. 7.45 in. D. 3.50 in.
involving r and s?
2. What is an expression for x 2. ________
A. r 2s B. r 2s
C. r 2s D. r 2s
3. Find the ordered pair that represents the vector from A(9, 2) to 3. ________
B(6, 3). Then find the magnitude of
AB.
A. 15, 1; 15.03 B. 3, 5; 5.83
C. 15, 1; 3.74 D. 3, 1; 3.16
4. Find the ordered triple that represents the vector from A(3, 5, 6) to 4. ________
B(6, 8, 6). Then find the magnitude of
AB.
A. 3, 3, 0; 4.24 B. 9, 13, 12; 19.85
C. 3, 3, 0; 4.24 D. 9, 3, 0; 9.49
in u
5. Find an ordered pair to represent u 4w
2v
if w
3, 4 5. ________

and v 4, 0.
A. 20, 16 B. 4, 16 C. 10, 8 D. 22, 8
in x
6. Find an ordered triple to represent x 3z 5y
if y
2, 11, 5 6. ________
and z 2, 8, 6.
A. 4, 79, 7 B. 16, 31, 43
C. 2, 17, 1 D. 16, 7, 45
as the sum of unit vectors for M(14, 8, 6) and N(7, 9, 2).
7. Write MN 7. ________
A. 7i j 8k
B. 7i j 8k
C. 21i j 8k
D. 21i j 8k

if a
and b
8. Find the inner product of a 7, 2, 4 8. ________
4, 2, 2 and b
and state whether the vectors are perpendicular.
A. 0; yes B. 32; yes C. 40; no D. 32; no
9. Find the cross product of if v
v and w 9, 4, 8 and w
6, 2, 4. 9. ________
A. 54, 8, 32 B. 0, 12, 6
C. 32, 84, 42 D. 6, 12, 0
10. Find the magnitude and direction of the 10. ________
A. 26.4 N; 51.8° B. 22.2 N; 58.8°
C. 22.2 N; 38.8° D. 26.4 N; 31.8°
11. An 18-newton force acting at 56° and a 32-newton force acting at 124° 11. ________
act concurrently on an object. What is the magnitude and direction of a
third force that produces equilibrium on the object?
A. 42.2 N; 100.7° B. 42.2 N; 280.7°
C. 44.6 N; 36.5° D. 44.6 N; 216.5°

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1B (continued)
and is parallel to
7, 6
12. P(2, 5); a 12. ________
A. x 2, y 5 t7, 6; x 2 7t, y 5 6t
B. x 2, y 5 t7, 6; x 2 7t, y 5 6t
C. x 2, y 5 t7, 6; x 2 7t, y 5 6t
D. x 2, y 5 t7, 6; x 2 7t, y 5 6t
1, 8
13. P(0, 3); a 13. ________
A. x, y 3 t1, 8; x t, y 3 8t
B. x 1, y 8 t(0, 3); x 1, y 8 3t
C. x, y 3 t1, 8; x t, y 3 8t
D. x 1, y 8 t0, 3; x 1, y 8 3t
14. Which is the graph of parametric equations x 4t 5 and y 4t 5? 14. ________
A. B. C. D.
15. Write parametric equations of x 4y 5. 15. ________

A. x t; y 4t 54 B. x t; y 14t 54
C. x t; y 4t 54 D. x t; y 14t 54
parametric equations are x 3t 8 and y 2t 9.
A. y 23x 433 B. y 23x 433 C. y 23x 13
1 D. y 2x
3
1
1
3
Aaron kicked a soccer ball with an initial velocity of 39 feet per
second at an angle of 44° with the horizontal.
17. After 0.9 second, how far has the ball traveled horizontally? 17. ________
A. 24.4 ft B. 12.3 ft C. 11.4 ft D. 25.2 ft
18. After 1.5 seconds, how far has the ball traveled vertically? 18. ________
A. 6.1 ft B. 40.6 ft C. 4.6 ft D. 42.1 ft
D(1, 1, 0), E(1, 1, 0), and F(1, 0, 2).
A. C′ B. D′ C. E′ D. F′
20. What point represents a reflection of E over the xz-plane? 20. ________
A. E′(1, 1, 0) B. E′(1, 1, 0)
C. E′(1, 1, 0) D. E′(2, 1, 0)
Bonus Find 3v 2w if v
1, 5, 3 and w
7, 5, 6. Bonus: ________
A. 270, 162, 180 B. 270, 90, 240
C. 270, 90, 240 D. 270, 162, 180

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1C
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each problem.
has a magnitude of 5 inches and a direction of 32°.
1. The vector v 1. ________
Find the magnitude of its vertical component.
A. 4.24 in B. 2.65 in C. 2.79 in D. 31.88 in
involving r and s ?
2. What is an expression for x 2. ________
A. r s B. r s
C. r s D. r s
3. Find the ordered pair that represents the vector from 3. ________
A(1, 2) to B(0, 3). Then find the magnitude of AB.
A. 1, 1; 1.41 B. 1, 1; 2
C. 1, 1; 1.41 D. 1, 1; 2
4. Find the ordered triple that represents the vector from A(4, 2, 1) to 4. ________
B(3, 0, 5). Then find the magnitude of
AB.
A. 7, 2, 4; 8.31 B. 1, 2, 4; 4.58
C. 1, 2, 4; 4.58 D. 7, 2, 6; 9.43
in u
5. Find an ordered pair to represent u 2w
v
if w
2, 4 and 5. ________
3, 1.
v
A. 7, 7 B. 1, 7 C. 7, 7 D. 1, 7
in x
6. Find an ordered triple to represent x 3y
z if y
2, 1, 5 6. ________
and z 1, 6, 6.
A. 7, 3, 9 B. 5, 3, 9 C. 5, 9, 9 D. 7, 3, 21
7. Write MN as the sum of unit vectors for M(2, 3, 6) and N(1, 5, 2). 7. ________
A. i 2 j 8 k
B. i 2 j 4k
C. 3i 2 j 4 k
D. 3i 2 j 8 k

8. Find the inner product of a if a

and b 4, 2, 5 and
3, 0, 1 and b 8. ________
state whether the vectors are perpendicular.
A. 7; no B. 0; yes C. 7; yes D. 0; no
and w
9. Find the cross product of v if v
1, 2, 4 and w
3, 1, 5. 9. ________
A. 14, 7, 5 B. 14, 7, 7 C. 14, 7, 7 D. 6, 7, 7
10. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant 10. ________
vector for the diagram at the right.
A. 129.5 N, 46.5° B. 129.5 N, 11.5°
C. 113.6 N, 13.1° D. 113.6 N, 48.1°
11. A 22-newton force acting at 48° and a 65-newton 11. ________

force acting at 24° act concurrently on an object.
What is the magnitude and direction of a third force
that produces equilibrium on the object?
A. 85.6 N; 30° B. 85.6 N; 6°
C. 85.6 N; 210° D. 85.6 N; 186°

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 1C (continued)
Write a vector equation of the line that passes through point P and
. Then write parametric equations of the line.
is parallel to a
12. P(1, 3); a 2, 5 12. ________
A. x 1, y 3 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 3 2t
B. x 1, y 3 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 3 5t
C. x 1, y 3 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 3 5t
D. x 1, y 3 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 3 2t
13. P(1, 4); a 2, 5 13. ________
A. x 2, y 5 t1, 4; x 2 t, y 5 4t
B. x 2, y 5 t1, 4; x 2 t, y 5 4t
C. x 1, y 4 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 4 5t
D. x 1, y 4 t2, 5; x 1 2t, y 4 5t
14. Which graph represents a line whose parametric equations are 14. ________
x t 2 and y t 2?
A. B. C. D.
15. Write parametric equations of y 2x 3. 15. ________

A. x t; y 12 t 3 B. x t; y 2t 3
C. x t; y 12 t 3 D. x t; y 2t 3
parametric equations are x t 4 and y 2t 1.
A. y 2x 7 B. y 2x 9 C. y 2x 5 D. y 12 x 5
Jana hit a golf ball with an initial velocity of 102 feet per second
at an angle of 67° with the horizontal.
17. After 2 seconds, how far has the ball traveled horizontally? 17. ________
A. 27.9 ft B. 123.8 ft C. 79.7 ft D. 97.7 ft
18. After 3 seconds, how far has the ball traveled vertically? 18. ________
A. 137.7 ft B. 119.6 ft C. 233.7 ft D. 52.6 ft
D(0, 0, 0), E(0, 1, 3), and F(0, 2, 0).
A. C B. D C. E D. F
20. What point represents a reflection of B over the xy-plane? 20. ________
A. B(2, 1, 3) B. B(2, 1, 3)
C. B(2, 1, 3) D. B(2, 1, 3)
Bonus Find the cross product of v and 2w if v
2, 4, 1 and Bonus: ________
w 1, 2, 5.
A. 44, 22, 16 B. 36, 22, 16 C. 36, 22, 16 D. 36, 22, 0

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2A
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 11.4 meters and a direction 1. __________________
of 248°. Find the magnitude of its vertical and horizontal
components.
2. The vector u 7 u
has a magnitude of 89.6 inches. If v , 2. __________________
2

what is the magnitude of v?

(in centimeters) and direction of each vector. Then find
the magnitude and direction of each resultant.
3. 3 a 2 a
1 b 3. __________________
2 3
4. 12 a
2 b 4. __________________
5
5. Write the ordered pair that represents the vector from 5. __________________
A(1.8, 3.8) to B(0.1, 5.1). Then find the magnitude of
AB .
of 18.8 newtons pulls at an angle of 12° above
6. A force F 6. __________________
1
of 3.2 newtons pulls at an angle of
due east. A force F 2
88° below due east. Find the magnitude and direction of
the resultant force.
Find an ordered pair or ordered triple to represent u in

v 0, , w
each equation if 1 2, , r 1, , 2,
3 1 7. __________________
2 4 4
and s 10, 6, .
3
4
8. __________________
7. u 1 w
v 1 r 4s
8. u 2 s 3r
9. u 9. __________________
3 2 3
10. Write the ordered triple that represents the vector from 10. __________________
A(5.1, 0.8, 9) to B(3.8, 7, 1.4). Then find the
magnitude of AB .
11. Write
EF as the sum of unit vectors for E(2.1, 2.6, 7) 11. __________________
and F(0.8, 7, 5).
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors are 12. __________________
12. 8, 23 12, 6 13. 2, 6, 8 4, 2, 12 13. __________________
Find each cross product. 14. __________________

14. 6, 12, 3 4, 2, 13 15.
14, 7, 4
5, 32, 2 15. __________________

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2A (continued)
16. Find the magnitude and direction of the 16. __________________
17. What force is required to push a 147-pound crate up 17. __________________

a ramp that makes a 12° angle with the ground?
18. A 12.2-newton force acting at 12° and an 18.9-newton force 18. __________________
acting at 75.8° act concurrently on an object. What is the
magnitude and direction of a third force that produces
equilibrium on the object?
19. Write a vector equation of the line that passes through 19. __________________
point P 32, 5 and is parallel to a
2, 3. Then write
parametric equations of the line and graph it.
Write parametric equations for each equation. 20. __________________

20. y 34 x 3 21. 2x 13 y 5 21. __________________
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line

with the given parametric equations. 22. __________________
22. x 12 t 6; y 2t 4 23. x 2t 5; y 4t 74 23. _______________________________________________
24. Lisset throws a softball from a height of 4 meters, with 24. __________________
an initial velocity of 20 meters per second at an angle of
45° with respect to the horizontal. When will the ball be
a horizontal distance of 30 meters from Lisset?
25. A rectangular prism has vertices at A(1, 1, 3), B(1, 2, 3), 25. __________________
C(1, 2, 1), D(1, 1, 1), E(2, 1, 3), F(2, 2, 3),
G(2, 2, 1), and H(2, 1, 1). Find the vertices
of the prism after a translation using the vector 1, 2, 1
and then a reflection over the xy-plane.
Bonus Write parametric equations for the line passing Bonus: __________________
through the point at 23, 34 and perpendicular
to the line with equation 4y 8x 3.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2B
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 10 meters and a direction 1. __________________
components.
2. The vector u 1u

has a magnitude of 25.5 feet. If v , what 2. __________________
3
?
is the magnitude of v

3. a
3b 3. __________________
4. 12a
b 4. __________________
A(0, 8) to B(1, 7). Then find the magnitude of
AB.
of 27 newtons pulls at an angle of 23° above

6. A force F 6. __________________
1
of 33 newtons pulls at an angle of 55°
below due west. Find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force. 7. __________________

1, 6,
each equation if v w 2, 5, r 1, 1, 0, and 8. __________________
10, 6, 5.
s
v
7. u 3w 8. u 3s 2r 9. u r 1s 9. __________________
5
A(5, 8, 9) to B(2, 2, 2). Then find the magnitude of
AB.
11. Write
EF as the sum of unit vectors for E(1, 2, 7) and 11. __________________
F(8, 7, 5).
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors are
12. 8, 2 0, 6 12. __________________
13. 3, 7, 4 4, 2, 1 13. __________________
Find each cross product.

14. 6, 4, 3 4, 2, 6 14. __________________
15. 2, 7, 4 5, 6, 2 15. __________________

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2B (continued)
16. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector 16. __________________
for the diagram below.
17. Anita is riding a toboggan down a hill. If Anita weighs 17. __________________
120 pounds and the hill is inclined at an angle of 72°
from level ground, what is the force that propels Anita
down the hill?
18. A 15-newton force acting at 30° and a 25-newton force 18. __________________
acting at 60° act concurrently on an object. What is the
3, 7. Then write
point P(1, 0) and is parallel to a
20. __________________
Write parametric equations for each equation.
20. y x 3 21. 2x 4y 5 21. __________________
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line 22. __________________

with the given parametric equations.
22. x t 6; y 2t 4 23. x 2t 5; y 4t 2 23. __________________
24. Pablo kicks a football with an initial velocity of 30 feet 24. __________________
per second at an angle of 58° with the horizontal. After
0.3 second, how far does the ball travel vertically?
25. A rectangular prism has vertices at A(2, 0, 2), B(2, 2, 2),

C(2, 2, 2), D(2, 0, 2), E(0, 0, 2), F(0, 2, 2), G(0, 2, 2), and
H(0, 0, 2). Find the vertices of the prism after a
reflection over the xz-plane. 25. __________________
through (2, 2) and parallel to the line with
equation 8x 2y 6.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2C
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 5 meters and a direction 1. __________________
components.
2. The vector u has a magnitude of 4 centimeters. 2. __________________
If v 1
u
, what is the magnitude of v
?
3
Use a ruler and protractor to determine the magnitude

3.
ab 3. ____________
4. 2a
b 4. ____________
A(3, 1) to B(1, 2). Then find the magnitude of AB.
of 25 newtons pulls at an angle of 20° above
6. A force F 6. __________________
1
of 35 newtons pulls at an angle of 60°
above due east. Find the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force.

each equation if 1, 5, r 1, 1, 1,
v 2, 3, w 7. __________________
and
s 0, 3, 2.
8. __________________
2v
7. u w
s r
8. u 3s r
9. u
9. __________________
.
A(1, 3, 5) to B(3, 0, 1). Then find the magnitude of AB
11. Write EF as the sum of unit vectors for E(5, 1, 4) and 11. __________________
F(9, 3, 1).
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors

are perpendicular. Write yes or no. 12. __________________
12. 2, 0 0, 5 13. 3, 4, 2 2, 2, 1 13. __________________

14. 2, 1, 3 1, 0, 5 15. 2, 2, 1 0, 2, 2 15. __________________

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Test, Form 2C (continued)
16. Find the magnitude and direction 16. __________________
of the resultant vector for
the diagram at the right.
17. Matt is pushing a grocery cart on a level floor with a force 17. __________________
of 15 newtons. If Matt’s arms make an angle of 28° with
the horizontal, what are the vertical and horizontal
components of the force?
18. A 10-newton force acting at 45° and a 20-newton force 18. __________________
acting at 130° act concurrently on an object. What is the
point P(3, 2) and is parallel to
a 2, 6. Then write y
O x

20. y 4x 21. y 2x 1 20. __________________
21. __________________
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the

line with the given parametric equations.
22. x t; y 2t 23. x 2t; y t 5 22. __________________
23. __________________
24. Shannon kicks a soccer ball with an initial velocity of 24. __________________
45 feet per second at an angle of 12° with the horizontal.
After 0.5 second, what is the height of the ball?
25. A cube has vertices at A(2, 0, 0), B(2, 0, 2), C(2, 2, 2), 25. __________________
D(2, 2, 0), E(0, 0, 0), F(0, 0, 2), G(0, 2, 2), and H(0, 2, 0).
Find the vertices of the prism after a translation
using the vector 1, 1, 2.
through (0, 0) and parallel to 3y 9x 3.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Open-Ended Assessment
Instructions: Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear,
concise solution to each problem. Be sure to include all
relevant drawings and justify your answers. You may show
your solution in more than one way or investigate beyond the
requirements of the problem.
1. Given the vectors below, complete the questions that follow.
c 3, 1, and

d 8, 11
a. Show two ways to find .

ab
. Explain each step.
b
b. Find a
c. Does b
ab
a? Why or why not?
b
b
d. Does a
a? Defend your answer.
e. Tell how to find the sum c
d . Find the sum and its magnitude.
f. Find two vectors whose difference is 4, 1, 3. Write the
difference as the sum of unit vectors.
g. Find a vector perpendicular to 7, 3. Explain how you know
that the two vectors are perpendicular.
b
h. Find a if a 1, 3, 0. Graph the vectors
2, 1, 0 and b
and the cross product c in three dimensions.
2. a. Find parametric equations for a line parallel to

a 3, 1 and
passing through (2, 4).
b. Find another vector and point from which the parametric
equations for the same line can be written.
3. A ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 56 feet per second at an

angle of 30° with the ground.
a. If the ball is thrown from 8 feet above ground, when will it hit
the ground?
b. How far will the ball travel horizontally before hitting the ground?
4. Find two pairs of perpendicular vectors. Then verify that they are
perpendicular by calculating their dot products.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Mid-Chapter Test (Lessons 8-1 through 8-4)
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 12 inches and direction 1. __________________
components.
2. The vector u has a magnitude of 9.9 centimeters. If 2. __________________
4u
v , what is the magnitude of v
?
(in centimeters) and direction of each vector. Then find 3. ____________
4. ____________
2b
3. 2a
4. 3ab
.
A(4, 7) to B(0, 5). Then find the magnitude of AB
6. Write
CD as the sum of unit vectors for points C(4, 3) 6. __________________
and D(1, 2).
7. Javier normally swims 3 miles per hour in still water. When 7. __________________
he tries to swim directly toward shore at the beach, his course
is altered by the incoming tide. If the current is 6 mph and
makes an angle of 47 with the direct path to shore, what is
Javier’s resultant speed?
Find an ordered pair to represent u in each equation if 8. __________________

3, 8 and
v w 3, 4. 9. __________________
8. u 5w 9. u 2v 3w
4w
10. u v 10. __________________
.
12. Write EF as a sum of unit vectors for E(1, 4, 3) and 12. __________________
F(4, 2, 3).
Find an ordered triple to represent u in each equation if 13. __________________

v 5, 2, 0, 0, 3, 4.
w 3, 8, 1, and x 14. __________________
v
13. u
w 3w
14. u 2x
x 12 v

15. u 15. __________________
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors

are perpendicular. Write yes or no. 16. __________________
16. 6, 4 2, 4 17. 4, 3, 1 8, 12, 4 17. __________________

18. 9, 1, 0 3, 2, 5 19. 6, 4, 2 1, 1, 3 19. __________________
20. Find a vector that is perpendicular to both c 0, 3, 6 20. __________________
4, 2, 5.
and d

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8, Quiz A (Lessons 8-1 and 8-2)
1. The vector v has a magnitude of 13 millimeters and a 1. __________________
direction of 84°. Find the magnitude of its vertical and
horizontal components.
2. The vector a has a magnitude of 6.3 meters. If b 2a, 2. __________________

what is the magnitude of b ?
b
3. 2a 3. __________________
2b
4. a 4. __________________
A(1, 3) to B(6, 8). Then find the magnitude of AB .
6. Write
CD as a sum of unit vectors for C(7, 4) and D(8, 1). 6. __________________
7. Two people are holding a box. One person exerts a force of 7. __________________
140 pounds at an angle of 65.5 with the horizontal. The
other person exerts a force of 115 pounds at an angle of
58.3 with the horizontal. Find the net weight of the box.
Find an ordered pair to represent
u in each equation if 8. __________________
3, 4.
v 6, 6 and w 9. __________________
5w
8. u 9. 3w
u 2v 4w
10. u v
10. _____________
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Chapter
Chapter 8, Quiz B (Lessons 8-3 and 8-4)
8
.
2. Write
EF as a sum of unit vectors for E(8, 2, 4) and 2. __________________
F(5, 3, 0).
3. Find an ordered triple that represents 2v 1 w

z if 3. __________________
3
2, 1, 5, w
v 3, 4, 6, and z 0, 3, 2.
4. Find the inner product of if a

a and b 7, 3, 8 and 4. __________________
5, 2, 4. Are
b perpendicular?
a and b
5. Find the cross product of c and

d if c 5, 5, 4 and 5. __________________

d 2, 3, 6. Verify that the resulting vector is
perpendicular to c and d.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8, Quiz C (Lessons 8-5 and 8-6)
1. Find the magnitude and direction 1. __________________
of the resultant vector for
the figure at the right.
2. Maggie is pulling on a tarp along level ground with a force of 2. __________________

25 newtons. If the tarp makes an angle of 50 with the ground,
what are the vertical and horizontal components of the force?
3. A 25-newton force acting at 75 and a 50-newton force acting at 3. __________________
45° act concurrently on an object. What are the magnitude and
direction of a third force that produces equilibrium on the object?
P(1, 3) and is parallel to q 2, 4. Then write parametric y
equations of the line and graph it.
O x

5. 6x y 2 6. 2x 5y 4 5. __________________
6. __________________
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line
with the given parametric equations. 7. __________________
7. x 6t 8 8. x 3t 10
y t 4 y 4t 2 8. __________________
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________

Chapter
Chapter 8, Quiz D (Lessons 8-7 and 8-8)
8
While positioned 25 yards directly in front of the goalposts, Bill kicks the football with
an initial velocity of 65 feet per second at an angle of 35 with the ground.
1. Write the position of the football as a pair of parametric 1. __________________
equations. If the crossbar is 10 feet above the ground, does
Bill’s team score?
2. What is the elapsed time from the moment the football is 2. __________________
kicked to the time the ball hits the ground?
A rectangular prism has vertices at A(1, 1, 1), B(1, 1, 1),
C(1, 1, 2), D(1, 1, 2), E(2, 1, 1), F(2, 1, 1), G(2, 1, 2),
and H(2, 1, 2). Find the vertices of the prism after
each transformation.
3. a translation using the vector 1, 2, 1 3. __________________
4. a reflection over the yz-plane 4. __________________
5. the dimensions are increased by a factor of 3 5. __________________
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 SAT and ACT Practice
After working each problem, record the 6. In ABC, A is a right angle. If
correct answer on the answer sheet BC 25 and AB 20, which is the
provided or use your own paper. area of ABC?
A 187.5 units2
Multiple Choice B 250 units2
1. If the area of a circle is 49, what C 753 4
units2
is the circumference of the circle? D 150 units2
A 7 E 300 units2
B 7 7. If the measure of one angle in a
C 14 parallelogram is 40°, what are the
D 14 measures of the other three angles?
E 49 A 60°, 100°, and 160°
2. If all angles in the figure below are B 40°, 280°, and 280°
right angles, find the area of the C 40°, 140°, and 140°
shaded region. D 40°, 150°, and 150°
A 12 units2 E None of these
B 48 units2 8. Which of the following statements is
C 144 units2 NOT true for the diagram below?
D 192 units2
E 240 units2
3. What is the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of the
segment from P(2, 1) to Q(3, 7)?
A 2x 16y 53
B 2x 16y 53 A m6 m9
C 2x 16y 43 B m3 m6 90°
D 2x 16y 43 C m2 m6 m5 180°
E None of these D m8 m2 m3
4. If A(0, 0) and B(8, 4) are vertices of E m4 m2 m9
ABC and ABC is isosceles, what 9. If 2 y 50 and y 2x 1, then which
are the coordinates of C? of the following statements is true?
A (5, 9) A x 13
B (8, 3) B 16.5 x 32.5
C (5, 5) C 2 x 2.5
D (8, 0) D 3 x 3.5
E (1, 8) E None of these
5. The following are the dimensions of 10. If x and y are real numbers and
five rectangular solids. All have the y2 6 2x, then which of the
same volume EXCEPT following statements is true?
A 8 by 6 by 5 A x
6
B 4 by 15 by 2 B x
3
C 15 by 15 by 40 C x6
D x3
D 13 by 24 by 15 E None of these
E 12 by 4 by 60

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 SAT and ACT Practice (continued)
11. A circle is inscribed in a square as 17–18. Quantitative Comparison
shown in the figure below. What is the A if the quantity in Column A is
ratio of the area of the shaded region greater
to the area of the square? B if the quantity in Column B is
A 4 greater
1 C if the two quantities are equal
B 4 D if the relationship cannot be
4
C determined from the information
4
4 given
D
E 4 Column A Column B
1
12. Each angle in the figure below is a 17. Square X has sides of length x.
right angle. Find the perimeter of the Square Y has sides of length 2x.
figure.
A 11 units 7 Half the area
Area of square X
B 18 units of square Y
C 22 units 4
D 24 units 18. ABCD is a rectangle.

E 28 units
B E C
13. Which number is 45 of 34 of 10?
A 6 B 4
C 3 D 1.5 A D
E 0.5
Area of DBC Area of AED
14. Evaluate 9[42(2)4 32]1.
A 8 B 18
19. Grid-In BDE is contained in
C 18 D 8 rectangle ABCD as shown below. Find
E None of these the area of BDE in square units.
D 9 C
15. A solid cube has 4-inch sides. How
many straight cuts through the cube 4
are needed to produce 512 small cubes
that have half-inch sides? A 3 E B
A 7 B 9
C 16 D 21 20. Grid-In The area of a rhombus is
E None of these 28 square units. The length of one
16. A roll of wallpaper is 15 inches wide diagonal is 7 units. What is the length
and can cover 39 square feet. How long of the other diagonal in units?
is the roll?
A 2.6 ft. B 21.7 ft.
C 31.2 ft D 46.9 ft.
E None of these

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
Chapter
8 Chapter 8 Cumulative Review (Chapters 1-8)
1. Find the zero of ƒ(x) 12 4x. If no zero exists, write none. 1. __________________
2. Graph ƒ(x) x 3. 2.
3. Triangle ABC has vertices A(2, 3), B(2, 1), and C(0, 4). 3. __________________
Find the image of the triangle after a reflection over
the x-axis.
4. Find the inverse of 35 10 if it exists. If it does not 4. __________________

exist, write none.
5. Write the equation obtained when ƒ(x) x is 5. __________________

translated 3 units down and compressed
horizontally by a factor of 0.5.
6. Solve x 3 5. 6. __________________
7. Determine the rational roots of 2x3 3x2 17x 12 0. 7. __________________
8. Solve 1 2

0. 8. __________________
x1 x
9. Identify all angles that are coterminal with a 232 angle. 9. __________________
Then find one positive angle and one negative angle
coterminal with the given angle.
10. Find the area of ABC if a 4.2, A 36, and B 55°. 10. __________________
11. Find the amplitude and period of y 3 cos 4x. 11. __________________
12. Find the phase shift of y 2 sin x

6
. 12. __________________

13. If is an angle in the second quadrant and cos ,
5 13. __________________
3
find tan 2.
14. Write 2x y 5 in normal form. Then find the length 14. __________________
of the normal and the angle it makes with the positive x-axis.
15. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line 15. __________________

whose parametric equations are x 3 7t and y 4 t.

Blank
NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
2 Unit 2 Review, Chapters 5-8
Find the value of the given trigonometric Solve.
function for angle in standard position 20. Given a central angle of 60°, find the
if a point with the given coordinates lies length of its intercepted arc in a circle
on its terminal side. of radius 6 inches. Round to the
1. cos ; (2, 3) 2. tan ; (10, 2) nearest tenth.
3. sin ; (4, 1) 4. sec ; (1, 0)
Find each value by referring to the graph
Solve each problem. Round to the of the sine or the cosine function.
nearest tenth. 21. sin 22. cos
2

7
23. sin 24. cos (6)
2
State the amplitude and period for each
function.
25. y 2 cos 3x
26. y 5 tan 5x
27. y 4 cot 2x
2

5. If A 25° and a 12.1, find b.
6. If a 3 and B 59° 2’, find c. Graph each function.
7. If c 24 and B 63°, find a. 28. y 12 cos 2x
Evaluate each expression. 29. y 3 tan 2x
2

8. cos Arccos 14 30. y x 2 sin 3x
9. cot Cos1 23 Write the equation for the inverse of
10. cos (Sin1 0) sin (Tan1 0) each relation. Then graph the relation
and its inverse.
Determine the number of possible 31. y arccos x 32. y cot x
solutions for each triangle. If a solution
exists, solve the triangle. Round to the Use the given information to determine
nearest tenth. each trigonometric value.
11. A 46°, a 86, c 200 33. sec 43, 0° 90°; cos
12. a 19; b 20, A 65° 34. cos 13, 0° 90°; sin
13. A 73°; B 65°, b 38
35. sin 13, 0° 90°; cot
Find the area of each triangle. Round to
the nearest tenth. Verify that each equation is an identity.
14. a 5, b 9, c 6 36. tan x tan x cot2 x sec x csc x
15. a 22, A 63°, B 17° 37. sin (180° ) tan cos
Change each radian measure to degree Use sum or difference identities to find
measure. the exact value of each trigonometric
16.
2
3
17.
4
function.
7 7 38. sin 105° 39. cos 135°
18. 19.
2 12 40. tan 15° 41. sin (210°)

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
2 Unit 2 Review, Chapters 5-8 (continued)
If x is an angle in the first quadrant and Find an ordered pair to represent a in
sin x 25 , find each value. each equation if b 1, 3 and
c 2, 2.
42. cos 2 x 43. sin x2 57. a b
c 58. a b
c
44. tan x2 45. sin 2x
59. a 3b 2c
60. a 3b c
Solve each equation for 0° x 180°.

46. sin2 x sin x 0
47. cos 2 x 4 cos x 3 Find an ordered triple to represent u in
48. 5 cos x 1 3 cos 2x each equation if
v 3, 1, 1 and
5, 2, 3. Then write
w u as the sum
of unit vectors.
Write each equation in normal form. 2v
61. u w 62. uv 2w

Then find the length of the normal and 3v
63. u 3w
64. u 4v 2w

the angle that it makes with the
positive x-axis.
49. 2x 3y 2 0
50. 5x 2y 8
51. y 3x 7 Find each inner product or cross
product.
Find the distance between the point with 65. 4, 2 2, 3
the given coordinates and the line with 66. 3, 4, 1 4, 2, 2
the given equation. 67. 5, 2, 5 1, 0, 3
52. (2, 5); 2 x 2y 3 0
53. (2, 2); x 4y 6
54. (1, 3); 4x y 1 0
for Exercises 55-56. Write a vector equation of the line that

and b
Use vectors a passes through point P and is parallel
to
v. Then write parametric equations of
the line.
1, 5
68. P(0, 5), v
69. P(4, 3), v 2, 2
55. Use a ruler and a protractor to

determine the magnitude (in
centimeters) and direction of the
resultant
ab .
56. Find the magnitude of the vertical and

.
horizontal components of a

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
2 Unit 2 Test, Chapters 5-8
1. True or false: sin (85°) sin 85°. 1. __________________
2. Find the area of ABC if a 12, b 15, and c 23. Round 2. __________________
to the nearest square unit.
3. Write the equation 5x y 2 0 in normal form. 3. __________________
4. Graph the function y 2 cos

3
. 4.
5. Given a central angle of 60°, find the length of its 5. __________________

intercepted arc in a circle of radius 15 inches. Round
to the nearest tenth.
6. A vector has a magnitude of 18.3 centimeters and a direction 6. __________________

components to the nearest tenth.
7. Write parametric equations of y 5x 2. 7. __________________
5
8. Find the value of Sin1 sin .
6 8. __________________
9. Use the Law of Sines to solve ABC when a 1.43, 9. __________________

b 4.21, and A 30.4°. If no solution exists, write none.
10. Use the sum or difference identity to find the exact value 10. __________________
of tan 105°.
11. Find the distance between P(7, 4) and the line with 11. __________________
equation x 3y 5 0. Round to the nearest tenth.
12. Find the inner product of the vectors 2, 5 and 4, 2. 12. __________________
Then state whether the vectors are perpendicular.
Write yes or no.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
2 Unit 2 Test, Chapters 5-8 (continued)
13. Find the value of sin for angle in standard position if a 13. __________________
point with coordinates (3, 2) lies on its terminal side.
14. Solve sin 1 for all real values of . 14. __________________
15. A car’s flywheel has a timing mark on its outer edge. 15.
The height of the timing mark on the rotating flywheel
is given by y 3.55 sin x
4
. Graph one full cycle
of this function.
if w
16. Find the ordered pair that represents 3 w 6, 4. 16. __________________
as the sum of unit vectors for X(8, 2, 9) and

17. Write XY 17. __________________
Y(12, 1, 10).
18. In the triangle at the right, b 6.2 18. __________________

and c 8.2. Find to the
nearest tenth.
,
19. If 0° 90° and tan find cos .
3 19. __________________
2
20. Solve sin2 x sin x 2 0 for 0° x 360°. 20. __________________
21. If 849° is in standard position, determine a coterminal 21. __________________

angle that is between 0° and 360°. State the quadrant in
which the terminal side lies.
tan x
22. Verify that csc x 1 is an identity. Write your 22. __________________
sec x
answer on a separate piece of paper.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
23. Find the cross product of the vectors 2, 1, 4 and 6, 2, 1. 23. __________________
Is the resulting vector perpendicular to the given vectors?
24. A triangular shelf is to be placed in a curio cabinet whose 24. __________________

sides meet at an angle of 105°. If the edges of the shelf along
the sides measure 56 centimeters and 65 centimeters, how
long is the outside edge of the shelf ? Round to the nearest tenth.
25. If sin 35 and is a second quadrant angle, find tan 2. 25. __________________
26. Graph the function y sin x on 26.

the interval
2
x .
2
7
27. Change 9
radians to degree measure. 27. __________________
28. Nathaniel pulls a sled along level ground with a force of 28. __________________
30 newtons on the rope attached to the sled. If the rope
makes an angle of 20° with the ground when it is pulled
taut, find the horizontal and vertical components of the
force. Round to the nearest tenth.
29. State the amplitude, period, and phase shift of the 29. __________________
function y 2 sin (4 2).
30. If and are two angles in Quadrant II such that 30. __________________
tan 12 and tan 23, find cos ( ).
31. A surveyor sets a stake and then walks 150 feet north, 31. __________________
where she sets a second stake. She then walks 300 feet
east and sets a third stake. How far from the first stake
is the third stake? Round to the nearest tenth.

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
UNIT
32. Find the value of Tan1 1. 32. __________________
3

33. Use the Law of Cosines to solve ABC with A 126.3°, 33. __________________
b 45, and c 62.5. Round to the nearest tenth.
34. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line with 34. __________________
parametric equations x 2 3t and y 4 t.
35. Verify that cos (90° A) sin A is an identity. 35. __________________
36. Write the equation for the inverse of the function 36. __________________
y Cos x. Then graph the function and its inverse.
37. Find sin (Sin1 14). 37. __________________
38. Find the area of a sector if the central angle measures 38. __________________
5
radians and the radius of the circle is 8 centimeters.
6
Round to the nearest tenth.
39. Find the measure of the reference angle for 400°. 39. __________________
40. A golf ball is hit with an initial velocity of 135 feet per 40. __________________
second at an angle of 22° above the horizontal. Will the
ball clear a 25-foot-wide sand trap whose nearest edge
is 300 feet from the golfer?

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet

(10 Questions)
/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A1 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
SAT and ACT Practice Answer Sheet

(20 Questions)
/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
/ /
. . . .
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________ NAME _____________________________ DATE _______________ PERIOD ________
8-1 Practice 8-1 Enrichment

Geometric Vectors More Than Two Forces Acting on an Object
Three or more forces may work on an object at one time. Each of these
Use a ruler and a protractor to determine the magnitude forces can be represented by a vector. To find the resultant vector that
(in centimeters) and direction of each vector. acts upon the object, you can add the individual vectors two at a time.
1. 2. 3. Example A force of 80 N acts on an object at an
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
angle of 70° at the same time that a
force of 100 N acts at an angle of 150°.
A third force of 120 N acts at an angle
2 cm; 60° 3 cm; 140° 1cm; 310° of 180°. Find the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force acting on
the object.
Find the magnitude and direction of each resultant.
4.
x y 5.
x z
3.9 cm; 110° 2.5 cm; 83° Add two vectors at a time. The order in which the vectors
are added does not matter.
6. 2x y
7.
y 3z Add the 80-N vector and Now add the resulting vector
Answers
the 100-N vector first. to the 120-N vector.
A3
(Lesson 8-1)
0.6 cm; 217° The resultant force is 219 N, with an amplitude of 145°.
5.4 cm; 93°
Find the magnitude and amplitude of the resultant force acting on each object.
Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of
each vector shown in Exercises 1-3. 1. One force acts with 40 N at 50° on 2. One force acts with 75 N at 45°. A
an object. A second force acts with second force acts with 90 N at 90°.
x
8. y
9. 10. z 100 N at 110°. A third force acts with A third force acts with 120 N at 170°.
1.00 cm, 1.73 cm 2.30 cm, 1.93 cm 0.64 cm, 0.77 cm 10 N at 150°. Find the magnitude Find the magnitude and amplitude
and amplitude of the resultant of the resultant force.
11. Aviation An airplane is flying at a velocity of 500 miles per hour force. 131 N; 98° 176 N; 112°
due north when it encounters a wind blowing out of the west at
50 miles per hour. What is the magnitude of the airplane's resultant
velocity? 502.49 mph
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 318 Advanced Mathematical Concepts © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 319 Advanced Mathematical Concepts
Advanced Mathematical Concepts


Algebraic Vectors Basis Vectors
The expression v r៝ w, the sum of two vectors each multiplied by
u s៝
Write the ordered pair that represents
AB . Then find the scalars, is called a linear combination of the vectors u៝ and w
៝.
magnitude of AB.
Every vector v៝ v2 can be written as a
1. A(2, 4), B(1, 3) 2. A(4, 2), B(5, 5) 3. A(3, 6), B(8, 1)
linear combination of any two nonparallel vectors
Linear Combination
3, 1; 兹1
苶0
苶 1, 3; 兹1
苶0
苶 11, 5; 兹1
苶4
苶6
苶 u
៝ and w៝. The vectors u៝ and w
៝ are said to form a
Theorem in v2
basis for the vector space v2 which contains
2
Find an ordered pair to represent Example Write the vector v

5
as a linear combination of

v 2, 1 and
w 3, 5.
4.
u 3v 5. u

w 2v 2 1
the vectors u
3 4
៝ and w
៝ .
6, 3 7, 7
–2 2 1 2r s
5 3
冢冣 r冢冣 s冢冣冢 –4 3r 4s 冣
–2 2r s
6.
u 4v
3w 7.
u 5w
3v
5 3r 4s
Answers
1, 11 21, 28
A4
3 16 3 16
r –
11
and s –
11
. So, v
៝ –
11
u
៝ w
11
៝.
Find the magnitude of each vector, and write each vector as the Write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors u and w.

sum of unit vectors. 1 –3 2 1 2 _1_
4
(Lesson 8-2)
8. 2, 6 9. 4, 5 1. v

៝ –2 2. v
៝ –1
5 4
冢冣, u៝ 冢冣, w៝ 冢冣 3 1
冢冣, u៝ 冢冣, w៝ 冢冣
2兹1
苶0
苶; 2 i 6 j 兹4
苶1
苶; 4 i 5 j 19
v
6
u
2
w v
u w
4
_1_ _1_
2 0 2 2 –1 4
3. v
៝ 4. v
៝ –7 –3
–1 4
冢冣, u៝ 冢冣, w៝ 冢冣 1 冢冣, u៝ 冢冣, w៝ 冢冣2
10. Gardening Nancy and Harry are lifting a stone statue and
moving it to a new location in their garden. Nancy is pushing the 1 16 13
statue with a force of 120 newtons (N) at a 60° angle with the v
– u w
v
u w
horizontal while Harry is pulling the statue with a force of 2 5 10
180 newtons at a 40° angle with the horizontal. What is the
magnitude of the combined force they exert on the statue?
295.62 N


Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space Basis Vectors in Three-Dimensional Space
The expression v៝ r៝
u s៝ w t៝z, the sum of three vectors each
Locate point B in space. Then find the magnitude of a vector from multiplied by scalars, is called a linear combination of the vectors u
៝, w
៝,
the origin to B. and z
៝.
1. B(4, 7, 6) 2. B(4, 2, 6)
Every vector v
៝ v3 can be written as a linear combination of any
兹1
苶0
苶1
苶 2兹1
苶4
苶 three nonparallel vectors. The three nonparallel vectors, which must
be linearly independent, are said to form a basis for v3, which contains
1
Example Write the vector v
៝ 4 as a linear combination of
冢冣 3
1 1 1
the vectors u
៝ 3 , w
៝ 2 , and z
៝ 1 .
冢冣冢冣 1 1 1
冢冣
Write the ordered triple that represents
AB . Then find the –1 1 1 –1 rst
magnitude of AB . –4 r 3 s –2 t –1 3r 2s t
3
冢冣冢冣冢冣冢冣冢1 1 1 rst 冣
3. A(2, 1, 3), B(4, 5, 7) 4. A(4, 0, 6), B(7, 1, 3)
–1 r s t
6, 4, 4; 2兹1
苶7
苶 3, 1, 9; 兹9
苶1
苶 – 4 3r 2s t
3rst
Answers
A5
5. A(4, 5, 8), B(7, 2, 9) 6. A(6, 8, 5), B(7, 3, 12)
11, 3, 17; 兹4
苶1
苶9
苶 1, 11, 17; 兹4
苶1
苶1
苶 r 0, s 1, and t 2. So, v
៝ w z.
៝ 2៝
Write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors u

៝, w
៝, and z៝.
Find an ordered triple to represent –6 1 1 0

v 2, 4, 5 and w
6, 8, 9. 1. v
៝ –2 , u
៝ 1 , w
៝ 0 , and z
៝ 1
2 0 1 1
(Lesson 8-3)
7.
u w
v 8.
u w
v
冢冣冢冣冢冣冢冣
v
–5
u z
w 3
8, 12, 14 4, 4, 4
9.
u 4v
3w 10.
u 5v
2w
5 1 –1 4
26, 40, 47 2, 4, 7 2. v
៝ –2 ,u
៝ –2 , w
៝ 0 , and z
៝ 2
0
冢冣冢冣冢冣 3 1 –1
冢冣
11. Physics Suppose that the force acting on an object can be
expressed by the vector 具85, 35, 110典, where each measure in 8 23 1
v
u
7

7
w
7
z
the ordered triple represents the force in pounds. What is the
magnitude of this force? 143 lb
1 1 2 1
3. v
៝ –1 , u
៝ 2 , w
៝ 2 , and z
៝ 0
2
冢冣冢冣冢冣 –1 1 1
冢冣
1 3
v
–
2
u

2
z


Perpendicular Vectors Vector Equations
Let a and c
៝ , b, ៝ be fixed vectors. The equation f (x) a
៝ 2x b x 2 c
៝
Find each inner product and state whether the vectors are defines a vector function of x. For the values of x shown, the
perpendicular. Write yes or no. assigned vectors are given below.
1. 具3, 6典具4, 2典 2. 具1, 4典具3, 2典 3. 具2, 0典具1, 1典
x –2 –1 0 1 2
0; yes 11; no 2; no
f (x) a
4b
4c a
2b
c
a
a
2b
c
a
4b
4c

If a
៝ 具0, 1典, b
具1, 1典, and c
៝ 具2, –2典, the resulting vectors for the
values of x are as follows.
4. 具2, 0, 1典具3, 2, 3典 5. 具4, 1, 1典具1, 3, 4典 6. 具0, 0, 1典具1, 2, 0典
x –2 –1 0 1 2
9; no 3; no 0; yes
f (x) 具12,–3典具4, 1典具0, 1典具0,–3典具4,–11典
For each of the following, complete the table of resulting vectors.

៝ 2x2 b
1. f (x) x 3a c
3x៝ x f (x)
Find each cross product. Then verify that the resulting vector is a
៝ 具1, 1典 b 具2, 3典 c
៝ 具3, –1典 –1 –14, –4
perpendicular to the given vectors. 0 0, 0
7. 具1, 3, 4典具1, 0, 1典 8. 具3, 1, 6典具2, 4, 3典
1 6, – 8
3, 3, 3; yes 27, 3, 14; yes
2 10, –22
Answers
A6
2. f (x) 2x 2a
៝ 3x b
5៝c x f (x)
9. 具3, 1, 2典具2, 3, 1典 10. 具4, 1, 0典具5, 3, 1典 a
៝ 具0, 1, 1典 b 具1, 0, 1典 c
៝ 具1, 1, 0典 –2 –11, 3, 2
7, 1, 11; yes 1, 4, 7; yes –1 –8, –3,–1
0 –5, –5, 0
1 –2, –3, 5
(Lesson 8-4)
11. 具6, 1, 3典具2, 2, 1典 12. 具0, 0, 6典具3, 2, 4典

3. f (x) x 2 c
៝ 3xa
៝ 4b x f (x)
7, 0, 14; yes 12, 18, 0; yes
a
៝ 具1, 1, 1典 b 具3, 2, 1典 c
៝ 具0, 1, 2典 0 –12, – 8, –4
1 –9, –4, 1
2 –6, 2, 10
13. Physics Janna is using a force of 100 pounds to push a cart up 3 –3, 10, 23
a ramp. The ramp is 6 feet long and is at a 30° angle with the
horizontal. How much work is Janna doing in the vertical
4. f (x) x3a
៝ xb c
3៝ x f (x)
direction? (Hint: Use the sine ratio and the formula W Fd.)
300 ft-lb a
៝ 具0,1, –2典 b 具1, –2, 0典 c
៝ 具–2, 0, 1典 –1 – 5, –3,5
0 –6, 0, 3
1 –7, 3, 1
3 –9, 33, –51


Applications with Vectors Linearly Dependent Vectors
The zero vector is 具0, 0典 in two dimensions, and 具0, 0, 0典 in three
Make a sketch to show the given vectors.
dimensions.
1. a force of 97 newtons acting on an object while a force of 38 newtons
acts on the same object at an angle of 70° with the first force A set of vectors is called linearly dependent if and only if there
exist scalars, not all zero, such that a linear combination of the
vectors yields a zero vector.
Example Are the vectors 具–1, 2, 1典, 具1, –1, 2典, and 具0, –2, –6典
linearly dependent?
Solve a具–1, 2, 1典 b具1, –1, 2典 c具0, –2, –6典具0, 0, 0典.
–a b 0
2. a force of 85 pounds due north and a force of 100 pounds due west 2a b 2c 0
acting on the same object a 2b 6c 0
The above system does not have a unique solution. Any
solution must satisfy the conditions that a b 2c.
1
Hence, one solution is a 1, b 1, and c .
2
具–1, 2, 1典具1, –1, 2典具0, –2, –6典具0, 0, 0典, so the
three vectors are linearly dependent.
Answers
A7
Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector for each Determine whether the given vectors are linearly dependent. Write yes or no. If the
diagram. answer is yes, give a linear combination that yields a zero vector.
3. 4.
1. 具–2, 6典, 具1, –3典 2. 具3, 6典, 具2, 4典
yes; –2, 6 21, –3 0, 0 yes; 23, 6 32, 4 0, 0
(Lesson 8-5)
281.78 N; 27.47° 11.39 N; 50.74° 3. 具1, 1, 1典, 具–1, 0, 1典, 具1, –1, –1典 4. 具1, 1, 1典, 具–1, 0, 1典, 具–3, –2, –1典
5. What would be the force required to push a 200-pound object up a no yes; 21, 1, 1 –1, 0, 1
ramp inclined at 30° with the ground? at least 100 lb –3, –2, –1 0, 0, 0
6. Nadia is pulling a tarp along level ground with a force of 25

pounds directed along the tarp. If the tarp makes an angle of 50°
with the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of
the force. 16.07 lb; 19.15 lb 9
5. 具2, –4, 6典, 具3, –1, 2典, 具–6, 8, 10典 6. 具1, –2, 0典, 具2, 0, 3典, –1, 1,
具 4 典
7. Aviation A pilot flies a plane east for 200 kilometers, then 60° no no
south of east for 80 kilometers. Find the plane's distance and
direction from the starting point.
249.80 km; 16.10° south of east


Vectors and Parametric Equations Using Parametric Equations to Find the
Distance from a Point to a Plane
and is parallel to You can use parametric equations to help you find the distance from a
1. P(2, 1),
a 具3, 4典 2. P(3, 7),
a 具4, 5典 point not on a plane to a given plane.
x 2, y 1 t3, 4 x 3, y 7 t4, 5 Example Find the distance from P(1, 1, 0) to the plane
x 2 3t x 3 4t x 2y z 4.
y 1 4t y 7 5t
Use the coefficients of the equation of the plane and the
coordinates of the point to write the ratios below.
3. P(2, 4),
a 具1, 3典 4. P(5, 8),
a 具9, 2典 x1 y1 z0

1 2 –1
x 2, y 4 t 1, 3 x 5, y 8 t9, 2
x2t x 5 9t The denominators of these ratios represent a vector that
y 4 3t y 8 2t is perpendicular to the plane, and passes through the
given point.
x+1
Set t equal to each of the above ratios. Then, t = ,
1
y1 z0
Write parametric equations of the line with the given equation. t= , and t = .
2 –1
5. y 3x 8 6. y x 4
xt xt So, x t 1, y 2t 1, and z –t are parametric
equations of the line.
Answers
y 3t 8 y t 4
A8
Substitute these values into the equation of the plane.
(t 1) 2(2t 1) (–t) 4
7. 3x 2y 6 8. 5x 4y 20
Solve for t: 6t 1 4
xt xt 1
t
y 32t 3 y 54t 5 2
(Lesson 8-6)
1
This means that t
2
at the point of
Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line with the intersection of the vector and the plane.
given parametric equations. 1 1 1
9. x 2t 3 10. x t 5 The point of intersection is 1, 2
冢 2 2
冢冣 1, 冣 2
yt4 y 3t
1 1
or , 2, .
y 12x 121 y 3x 15 冢2 2 冣
Use the distance formula:
11. Physical Education Brett and Chad are playing touch football
2 2
in gym class. Brett has to tag Chad before he reaches a 20-yard d 1 12 (1 2)2 0 12 ⬇ 1.2 units
marker. Chad follows a path defined by 具x 1, y 19典 t具0, 1典, 冪冢莦莦莦莦冢莦冣莦冣莦莦莦莦莦莦莦冢莦莦冢莦冣莦冣
and Brett follows a path defined by 具x 12, y 0典 t具11, 19典.
Write parametric equations for the paths of Brett and Chad. Will Find the distance from the given point to the given plane. Round your answers to the
nearest tenth.
Brett tag Chad before he reaches the 20-yard marker?
Chad x 1, y 19 t; Brett x 12 11t, y 19t; yes 1. from (2, 0, –1) to x 2y z 3 2. from (1, 1, –1) to 2x y 3z 5
0.8 unit 0.3 unit


Modeling Motion Using Parametric Equations Coordinate Equations of Projectiles
The path of a projectile after it is launched is a parabola when graphed
Find the initial horizontal and vertical velocity for each situation. on a coordinate plane.
1. a soccer ball kicked with an initial velocity of 39 feet per second at
an angle of 44° with the ground
28.05 ft/s, 27.09 ft/s
2. a toy rocket launched from level ground with an initial velocity of

63 feet per second at an angle of 84° with the horizontal
6.59 ft/s, 62.65 ft/s
3. a football thrown at a velocity of 10 yards per second at an angle

of 58° with the ground
5.30 yd/s, 8.48 yd/s
The path assumes that gravity is the only force acting on the
4. a golf ball hit with an initial velocity of 102 feet per second at an projectile.
angle of 67° with the horizontal
The equation of the path of a projectile on the coordinate plane is
39.85 ft/s, 93.89 ft/s given by,
g 2
Answers
y– (tan ␣)x,

5. Model Rocketry Manuel launches a toy rocket from ground
A9
冢2v02 cos 2␣
冣x
level with an initial velocity of 80 feet per second at an angle of
80° with the horizontal. where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s2 or 32 ft/s2,
v0 is the initial velocity, and ␣ is the angle at which the
a. Write parametric equations to represent the path of the rocket.
projectile is fired.
x 80t cos 80°; y 80t sin 80° 16t2
b. How long will it take the rocket to travel 10 feet horizontally Example Write the equation of a projectile fired at an angle
of 10° to the horizontal with an initial velocity of
(Lesson 8-7)
from its starting point? What will be its vertical distance at

that point? 120 m/s.
0.72 s; 48.43 ft 9.8 2
y– (tan 10°)x
冢 2(120)2 cos 2 10° 冣x
6. Sports Jessica throws a javelin from a height of 5 feet with an
initial velocity of 65 feet per second at an angle of 45° with the y – 0.00035x2 0.18x
ground.
a. Write parametric equations to represent the path of the Find the equation of the path of each projectile.
javelin. 1. a projectile fired at 80° to the 2. a projectile fired at 40° to the
x 65t cos 45°; y 65t sin 45° 16t2 5 horizontal with an initial velocity horizontal with an initial velocity
of 200 ft/s of 150 m/s
b. After 0.5 seconds, how far has the javelin traveled horizontally y – 0.013x 2 5.67x y – 0.00037x 2 0.84x
and vertically?
22.98 ft; 23.98 ft


Transformation Matrices in Three-Dimensional Space Spherical Coordinates
There are many coordinate systems for locating a point in the
Write the matrix for each figure. two-dimensional plane. You have studied one of the most com-
1. 2. mon systems, rectangular coordinates. The most commonly
used three-dimensional coordinate systems are the extended
rectangular system, with an added z-axis, and the spherical
coordinate system, a modification of polar coordinates.
Note that the orientation of the axes shown is a different

perspective than that used in your textbook.
0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2
0 2 0 2 2 0 0 2 Point P(d, ␪, ␾) in three-dimensional space is located using
冤 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 冥 1 1 1 1 0 three spherical coordinates:
1 1 1 1 0 d distance from origin
冤 1 1 1 1 0 冥 ␪ angle relative to x -axis
Translate the figure in Question 1 using the given vectors. Graph each image and ␾ angle relative to y-axis
write the translated matrix.
3.
a 具1, 2, 0典 4.
b 具1, 2, 2典
The figure at the right shows point Q with rectangular coor-
dinates (2, 5, 6).
Answers
1. Find OA and AB.
A10
2; 6
2. Find OB by using the Pythagorean theorem.
2兹1
苶0
苶
1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3. Find QB.
2 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 5
0 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 4. Find d.
(Lesson 8-8)
冤冥冤冥
Transform the figure in Question 2 using each matrix. Graph each 兹6
苶5
苶
image and describe the result. 5. Use inverse trigonometric functions to find ␪ and ␾ to the nearest
5. 2 0 0 6. 1 0 0 degree. Write the spherical coordinates of Q.
0 2 0 0 1 0 (兹6
苶5
苶, 72°, 52°)
0 0 2
冤冥冤 0 0 1 冥
Find the spherical coordinates of the point with the given rectangular coordinates.
Round distances to the nearest tenth and angles to the nearest degree.
6. (4, 12, 3)
(13, 37°, 23°)
7. (–2, –3, –1)
dimensions increased
by a factor of 2 (3.7, 27°, 143°)
reflection over xy-plane 8. (a, b, c)
c b
2 2 2
a
冢兹a苶苶苶苶b苶苶苶c苶, arctan 冢冣, arccos 冢兹苶苶苶苶苶苶苶苶苶苶冣冣 a2 b2 c2

Chapter 8 Answer Key
Form 1A Form 1B
Page 341 Page 342 Page 343 Page 344
1. B 12. C 1. A 12. D
2. B 2. C
13. B 13. C
3. C
3. A
4. A 14. B 14. D
4. C
5. D
5. B
15. A 15. B
6. B
6. B
16. D 16. A
7. A
7. D
8. C 8. D 17. D
17. B
18. C 18. C
9. B
9. A
10. A 19. B
10. D 19. B
20. B
20. B
11. B 11. B
Bonus: A
Bonus: A

Form 1C Form 2A
1. B 12. B 1. 10.57 m, 4.27 m 16. 1 N, 313
2. C 2. 313.6 in.
13. C
17. 30.6 lb
3. A
18. 26.6 N, 231.5
14. A
3. 4.2 cm, 43
4. C x 32, y 5 t 2, 3;
x 32 2t,
19. y 5 3t
4. 0.1 cm, 223
5. C
15. D 5. 1.9, 8.9; 9.10
18.5 N,
6. B 6. 2.2 above east
20. x t, y 43t 3
16. B
21. x t, y 6t 15
7. D
7. 23, 34
22. y 4x 20
8. A 17. C
8
8.
2
1 , 19
8
3, 4
23. y 2x 3
3
4
18. A
9. 1
3
1,
1
4
3, 1
2
1

8.9, 7.8, 10.4; 24.after 2.1 seconds
9. C 10. 15.75 A (2, 3, 4),
B (2, 0, 4),
C (2, 0, 0),
D (2, 3, 0),
10. A E (1, 3, 4),
19. D 11. 2.9i 4.4 j 2k F (1, 0, 4),
G (1, 0, 0),
25. H (1, 3, 0)
20. A 12. 0; yes

11. C
13. 8; no
Bonus: B x t,
14. 365 , 14, 14 Bonus: y 1 t 5
2 12
15. 20, 42,1 2787

Form 2B Form 2C
1. 9.99 m, 0.35 m 16. 13.7 N; 65.4 1. 4.33 m, 2.5 m 16. 5.0 N; 36.0
2. 4 cm
3
2. 8.5 ft 17. 7.0 N, 13.2 N
17. 114.1 lb
3. 3.9 cm, 49 18. 23.1 N, 284.5

3. 6.0 cm, 219
4. 2.2 cm, 43 18. 38.7 N, 228.8

4. 3.8 cm, 71 x 3, y 2
t2, 6; x 3 2t,
x 1, y
5. 1, 15; 15.03 19. y 2 6t
t3, 7;
x 1 3t, 5. 4, 1; 4.12
19. y 7t
17.5 N; 70.2 56.5 N; 43.5
6. below east 6. above east
7. 7, 21 20. x t, y 4t
8. 28, 16, 15 21. x t, y 2t 1

7. 3, 11
9. 3, 151, 1 20. x t, y t 3
x t, 8. 1, 2, 1
10. 7, 10, 7; 14.07
21. y 12t 54
9. 1, 10, 7 22. y 2x
22. y 2 x 8
11. 9i 5j 2k 10. 4, 3, 4; 6.40
23. y 2 x 8 23. y 21 x 5
11. 4 i 2 j 5k

24. about 6.19 ft
24. about 0.68 ft
12. 12; no A(2, 0, 2), A(3, 1, 2),
B(2, 2, 2), B(3, 1, 4), C(3, 1, 4),
C(2, 2, 2), 12. 0; yes D(3, 1, 2), E(1, 1, 2),
13. 6; no D(2, 0, 2), F(1, 1, 4), G(1, 1, 4),
E(0, 0, 2), 25. H(1, 1, 2)
F(0, 2, 2),
13. 0; yes
G(0, 2, 2),
14. 18, 48, 28 25. H(0, 0, 2)
14. 5, 13, 1
x t,
15. 10, 24, 47 Bonus: y 4t 6 15. 2, 4, 4 Bonus: x t, y 3t

CHAPTER 8 SCORING RUBRIC
Level Specific Criteria

3 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts vector
addition, subtraction, cross multiplication, inner product,
and parametric equations.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Graphs are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.
2 Satisfactory, • Shows understanding of the concepts vector addition,
with Minor subtraction, cross multiplication, dot product, and
Flaws parametric equations.
• Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Diagrams and graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.
1 Nearly • Shows understanding of most of the concepts vector
Satisfactory, addition, subtraction, cross multiplication, dot product,
with Serious and parametric equations.
Flaws • May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Diagrams and graphs are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies most requirements of problems.
0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of the concepts vector
addition, subtraction, cross multiplication, dot product,
and parametric equations.
• May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are not satisfactory.
• Diagrams and graphs are not accurate or appropriate.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.

Open-Ended Assessment
Page 353
1a. 1g. Sample answer: 3, 7; The vectors
are perpendicular because their dot
product is zero.
a1b1 a2 b2 7 3 (3)7 0
兩兩
i j
k

1b. a b a (
b), as shown in the
1h. 2 1 0 0 i 0 j 5
k
figure below.
1 3 0
1c. Yes. They are the

same diagonal of
a parallelogram.
2a. x 2 3t
y4t

1d. No. a b and b a are shown in
2b. Sample answer:
b 6, 2, (1, 3)
the figures below.
3a.
t(56)sin 30 12(32)t2 8 0
4t2 7t 2 0
(4t 1)(t 2) 0
1e. Add the first terms of each vector t2
together, and then add the second The ball hits the ground after 2
terms together. These terms seconds.
represent the horizontal and vertical
components of the resultant vector,
兹
3b. Distance: x (2)(56) 苶 , or
2
respectively. 3
3 8, 1 (11), or
c d about 97 feet
11, 10
The magnitude of
is 兹(
c d 苶1 苶1
苶苶
)2苶
苶
(苶1
苶0苶苶,
)2 or 4. Sample answer: The vectors a 1, 0
about 14.9.
and b 0, 1 are perpendicular
because their inner product is
a1b1 a2b2 1(0) 0(1) or 0;
1f. Sample answer: 1, 2, 3 5, 5 are
5, 5, and b
a
3, 3, 0 4, 1, 3; 4, 1, 3
perpendicular because their inner
4i j 3k

product is a1b1 a2b2 5(5)
5(5) 25 25 0.

Mid-Chapter Test Quiz A Quiz C
Page 354 Page 355 Page 356
1. 7.05 in., 9.71 in. 1. 12.93 mm, 1.36 mm 1. 11.4 N; 50.7
2. 39.6 cm 2. 12.6 m 2. 19.15 N, 16.07 N
3. 6.6 cm; 64 3. 72.7 N, 234.9

3. 5.5 cm; 29
4. 5.6 cm; 260 x 1, y 3 t2, 4;
4. 5.9 cm; 187 4. x 1 2t, y 3 4t
5. 4, 2 ; 4.47
5. 7, 5 ; 8.60
6. 3i j
7. about 8.3 mph 6. 15i 5 j
8. 15, 20 7. 225.25 lb 5. x t, y 6t 2
9. 3, 4 8. 15, 20 6. x t, y 25t 45
10. 15, 24

9. 21, 24 7. y 16 x 136
11. 4, 3, 12; 13
8. y 43 x 334
10. 6, 10
12. 5i 2 j
Quiz B Quiz D
13. 8, 10, 1 Page 355 Page 356
1. 5, 0, 12 ; 13 x 65t cos 35,
14. 9, 30, 5 1. y 65t sin 35 16t 2; yes
15. 52, 2, 4 2. 3i 5 j 4k

2. about 2.33 s
16. 4; no 3. 3, 131 , 10
A(0, 1, 0), B(0, 3, 0),
C(0, 3, 3), D(0, 1, 3),
17. 0; yes 4. 9; no E(3, 1, 0), F(3, 3, 0),
3. G(3, 3, 3), H(3, 1, 3)
18. 5, 45, 21 18, 38, 25 ;
A(1, 1, 1), B(1, 1, 1),
5. both inner products 0 C(1, 1, 2), D(1, 1, 2),
19. 14, 16, 10 E(2, 1, 1), F(2, 1, 1),
4. G(2, 1, 2), H(2, 1, 2)
Sample answer:
20. 3, 24, 12 A(3, 3, 3), B(3, 3, 3),
C(3, 3, 6),
D(3, 3, 6),
E(6, 3, 3), F(6, 3, 3),
5. G(6, 3, 6), H(6, 3, 6)

SAT/ACT Practice Cumulative Review
Page 357 Page 358 Page 359
1. D 11. C 1. 3
2. C 12. C 2.
3. A 13. A A(2, 3), B(2, 1),

3. C(0,4)
1

4. 0 5
3
1 5
4. E 14. E
5. ƒ(x) 兹2
苶x苶3
5. A 15. D
6. {x x 2 or x
8}
6. D 16. C 7. 3, 1, 4
2
8. {x 0 x 23 or x
1}
232 360k, k is an integer;
7. C 17. B 9. Sample answers: 592, 128
10. 12.3 square units

8. B 18. C
11. 3, 8
12.
units to the right
6
9. D 19. 12
13. 4兹5
苶
2兹
苶兹
5x 苶 y 兹5
5 苶 0;
5 5
14. 兹5
苶; 333
10. D 20. 8
15. y 17 x 275

Unit 2 Review
Unit 2 Answer Key
苶
2兹
13苶 36. tan x tan x cot2 x
1. 13
2. 15 29. sec x csc x
tan x (1 cot2 x)
兹1
3. 苶
苶
7 4. 1 5. 25.9 sec x csc x
17

cos x sin x
sin
x 1
2
6. 5.8 7. 10.9 sec x csc x
苶
cos x sin x
1 1
8. 1 9. 2兹
5 10. 1 sec x csc x
4 5
sec x csc x sec x csc x
11. no solution 30.
37. sin (180 ) tan cos

12. two; B 72 33′,
c 14.1, and sin 180 cos cos 180 sin
tan cos
C 42 27′, or
B 107 27′, c 2.8, 0(cos ) (1) sin
tan cos
and C 7 33′
sin tan cos
tan cos
13. one; a 40.1, sin
cos
cos
31. cos tan cos
c 28.1, C 42 sin

cos
tan cos tan cos
14. 14.1 15. 78.2
38. 兹2
苶兹6
苶兹
39. 苶
2
16. 90 17. 135 4 2
40. 2 兹3苶 41. 1

18. 630 19. 105 2
20. 6.3 in. 21. 0

42. 1
7
25
43. 冪
莦5莦莦1兹
莦2苶莦1苶莦
0
44. 5 兹2
苶1
苶苶1
4兹
45. 2 苶
22. 0 23. 1 2 25
46. 0, 90, 180 47. 0

2
24. 1 25. 2, 32.
3
48. 120

26. none,
5
49. 2兹
苶3
1苶x
3兹苶3
1苶y
13 13
27. none, 2 2兹
苶3
1苶 0;
2兹苶3
1苶 ; 56
13 13
28.
50. 苶9
5兹
2 苶x 苶9
2兹
2 苶y
29 29
苶9
8兹
2 苶 0;
8兹苶9
2 苶 ; 22
29 29
33. 34 2兹
34. 苶 35. 2兹2
2 苶
3

Unit 2 Answer Key (continued)
51. 苶0
3兹
1 苶x
兹苶苶0 y
1 苶0
7兹
1 苶 0; 5. 15.7 in. 24. 96.2 cm 25. 27
4
10 10 10
苶0
7兹
1 苶 ; 342
10 6. v: 11.3 cm; h: 14.4 cm 26.
52. 1.1 53. 3.9 7. x t, y 5t 2
54. 1.5 55. 6.0 cm, 89
8. 6 9. none
56. 2.3 cm, 1.5 cm
10. 2 兹3
苶 11. 7.6
57. 3, 5 58. 1, 1 苶3苶
12. 2; no 2兹
13. 1 27. 140
13
59. 7, 13 60. 1, 7 3
14. 2k 28. 28.2 N; 10.3 N
2
u i 4 j
61. 1, 4, 1; k
15. 29. 2,
2

,
2
30. 6苶5
4兹
65
苶
62. 13, 3, 7;

31. 335.4 ft 32. 6
u 13i 3j 7k

33. a 96.2, B 22, C 32
63. 6, 9, 6;
u 6i 9j 6k

34. y 13 x 130
64. 22, 0, 10; 35. cos (90 A) sin A

u 22i 10k
cos 90 cos A sin 90 sin A
16. 18, 12 sin A
65. 14 66. 22 0 cos A 1 sin A sin A
sin A sin A
67. 6, 10, 2 17. 20i 3j 19k

36. y Arccos x
68. x, y 5 t 1, 5; 2兹苶
7
18. 40.9 19.
x t, y 5 5t 7
69. x 4, y 3 20. 270 21. 231; III

t 2, 2; x 4 2t,
y 3 2t
22. tan x
csc x 1
sec x
Unit 2 Test
sin

x 1
cos x sin x
2 1
1. true 2. 81 units
1
cos x
3. 苶6
5兹
2 苶x
兹2
苶苶y
6 兹2苶
苶 0
6
26 26 13
1
cos x
1
4. 1
cos x
11 37. 14 38. 83.8 cm2
23. 7, 22, 2; yes 39. 40 40. yes

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Chapter 8

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ISBN: 0-07-869135-4 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Enrichment There is one master for each

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Chapter Assessments Continuing Assessment

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Five Different Options to Meet the Needs of

BASIC AVERAGE ADVANCED

3 Parent and Student Study Guide (online)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vi Advanced Mathematical Concepts

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Advanced Mathematical Concepts

8-1 Study Guide

Example 1 Use the parallelogram method to find the

Example 2 Use the triangle method to find 2v .

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 317 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Find the magnitude and direction of each resultant.

Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of

11. Aviation An airplane is flying at a velocity of 500 miles per hour

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 318 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Add two vectors at a time. The order in which the vectors

The resultant force is 219 N, with an amplitude of 145°.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 319 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

8-2 Study Guide

Example 1 Write the ordered pair that represents the vector

Example 2 Let s 4, 2 and t 1, 3. Find each of the

Example 3 as the sum of unit vectors for M(2, 2)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 320 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Find an ordered pair to represent

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 321 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Every vector v v2 can be written as a

Solving the system of equations yields the solution

Write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors u and w.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 322 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

8-3 Study Guide

Example 1 Locate the point at (1, 3, 1).

Example 2 Write the ordered triple that represents the

Example 4 as the sum of unit vectors for A(5, 2, 3)

Write the ordered triple that represents

5. A(4, 5, 8), B(7, 2, 9) 6. A(6, 8, 5), B(7, 3, 12)

Find an ordered triple to represent

11. Physics Suppose that the force acting on an object can be

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 324 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

Solving the system of equations yields the solution

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 325 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

8-4 Study Guide

Example 1 Find each inner product if u 5, 1, v

Example 2 Find the inner product of r and s if r

Example 3 Find the cross product of if v

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 326 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

9. 3, 1, 2  2, 3, 1 10. 4, 1, 0  5, 3, 1

11. 6, 1, 3  2, 2, 1 12. 0, 0, 6  3, 2, 4

13. Physics Janna is using a force of 100 pounds to push a cart up

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 327 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

If a 1, 1, and c

For each of the following, complete the table of resulting vectors.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 328 Advanced Mathematical Concepts

8-5 Study Guide

Example Suppose Jamal and Mike pull on the ends of a

b. Determine the magnitude of the

9. 3, 1, 2 2, 3, 1 10. 4, 1, 0 5, 3, 1

11. 6, 1, 3 2, 2, 1 12. 0, 0, 6 3, 2, 4

15. Write parametric equations of 3x 12 y 23. 15. ________

2. The vector u 1u