Subject: Mathematics Date Submitted: April 6, 2017

Section/Time: Grade 10 – Jupiter Actual Teaching Date: April 10, 2017

10:00 – 11:00

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Math 10A: Pre-calculus

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students must have;

1. Determined the symmetry of the graph by using the three tests for symmetry
2. Sketched the graph of polar equations with speed and accuracy
3. Appreciated symmetric shapes that can be described by polar coordinates.
II. Subject Matter: Converting Equations from Polar to Rectangular Form or vice versa
 References: Garces, Ian June L., et. al (2016) Pre-calculus. Pp. 181-187. Quezon City,
Philippines. Vibal group Inc.
 Melosantos, Luis Allan B., et. al (2016) Math Connections in the Digital Age Precalculus. Pp.
31-45. Quezon City, Philippines. Sibs Publishing House. Inc.
III. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Good morning class Good morning ma’am
Before you take your seats, please arrange your chairs
and kindly pick up pieces of papers under your chairs.
A. Motivation
Before we start to our next lesson, let’s have a game
first.
Are you familiar with the game 4 pics 1 word? Yes ma’am!
Okay, so this morning we will play this game. I am
going to show you four pictures and you will guess
what word describes those pictures.
So are you ready? Yes ma’am!
(after 5 minutes)
B. Unlocking of difficulties/ review of pre-requisite
knowledge
Everyone please settle down. Now let’s have a review
first about your previous lesson.
Anyone who can recall what was your lesson last
meeting? Yes Jennica? Our lesson last meeting ma’am was all about polar
equations and graphs. If the given equation is in polar

π
for exampleθ= . We need to convert it first in a
4
 rectangular equation in order to sketch the graph.
Very good Jennica. Now, I will give you these lists of
equivalent values. So you have to take note of this
because they are really useful in our lesson for today. Okay ma’am
sin cos tan Cot
−θ -sinθ +cosθ -tanθ -cotθ
90º – θ + cosθ +sinθ +cotθ +tanθ
90º+ θ +cosθ -sinθ -cotθ -tanθ
180º + θ -sinθ -cosθ +tanθ +cotθ
180º– θ +sinθ -cosθ -tanθ -cotθ
270º– θ -cosθ -sinθ +cotθ +tanθ
270º+ θ -cosθ +sinθ -cotθ -tanθ
360º– θ -sinθ +cosθ -tanθ -cotθ
360º+ θ +sinθ +cosθ +tanθ +cotθ
C. Lesson Proper
Our lesson for today is about tests for symmetry.
Are you familiar with the word symmetry? Yes ma’am
What comes in your mind when you hear the word Reflection ma’am.
symmetry?
That’s right. When you say symmetry it means that
one shape becomes exactly like another when you
move it in some way: turn, flip or slide.
So here in our lesson we will use symmetry to verify
the accuracy of the graph of the polar equation.
The following steps are used to test for symmetry.
1. Symmetry with respect to the polar axis (x-axis): in
polar equation, replace θ by –θ. If an equivalence
results, the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-
axis.

2. Symmetry with respect to the y-axis: in polar

equation, replace θ by π–θ. If an equivalence results,
the graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
3. Symmetry with respect to the polar (origin): in polar
equation, replace r by –r. If an equivalence results, the
graph is symmetric with respect to the origin.
Let’s have this example,
r = 1-sinθ
Let’s check it first if it is symmetric with respect to
polar axis.
Soln.
polar axis : r = 1-sinθ
 r = 1-sin(-θ ¿
r = 1+sinθ
Since it has no equivalence results, what is your The test fails ma’am. Thus the graph is not symmetric
conclusion? with respect to the x-axis.

How about for the second test? Any volunteer to solve y-axis: r = 1-sinθ
it. Yes Kyle r = 1- sin(π−θ )
r = 1 - sinθ
Thus the graph is symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
Pole(origin): r = 1 - sinθ
Very good Kyle your answer is correct. Now, who (-r = 1 – sinθ) -1
would like to answer for the last test? Yes Dc r = - 1 + sinθ
Thank you Dc. Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the
origin.

r 1 .5 .3 .1 0 .1 .3 .5 1 1.5
Aside from using the three tests to determine the
θ 0 30 45 60 90 120 135 15 180 210
symmetry of the polar equation, we can just directly
0
graph the polar equation also, for example let’s graph
1.7
r = 1 -1.8
sinθ 2 1.8 1.7 1.5 1
22 240 who
So anyone 270 would
30 like
315 330this36equation? Yes
to graph
5Andrei. 0 0

Thank you Andrei. So if you will graph the equation,

you can actually determine the symmetry. In the graph
it clearly shows that is symmetric wrt the y-axis.
Any questions? None so far ma’am.

Let’s have another example

r = 3 + 2cosθ
I want three volunteers to test the symmetry of this
equation.

Soln.
polar axis : r = 3 + 2cosθ
r = 3+ 2cos(-θ ¿
r = 3+ 2cosθ
Thus the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis.

y-axis: r = 3+ 2cosθ
r = 3+ 2cos(π−θ )
r = 3 – 2cosθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the y-
axis.

Pole(origin): r = 3+ 2cosθ
(-r = 3+ 2cosθ) -1
r = - 3 -2c0sθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the
origin.

Very good. You may take your seats.

So if you’ll going to graph the equation, this is how it
looks like.

This equation class is an example of a limacon without

an inner loop.
Take note class that limacon without an inner loop are
characterized by the equations of the form
r = a+bcosθ r = a+bsinθ
r = a-bcosθ r = a-bsinθ
Where a>0, b>0, and a>b. the graph of a limacon
without an inner loop does not contain the pole.
Now, let’s see if you completely understand our
lesson.
I want you to answer it on your notes; I will give you
only 5 minutes to answer.
r = 1 + 2cosθ
(after 5 minutes)

Time’s up! Okay so where is John? I’m here ma’am

Okay, I want you to write your solution on the board Soln.
including the graph. polar axis : r = 1 + 2cosθ
r = 1+ 2cos(-θ ¿
r = 1+ 2cosθ
Thus the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis.

y-axis: r = 1+ 2cosθ
r = 1+ 2cos(π−θ )
r = 1 – 2cosθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the y-
axis.

Pole(origin): r = 1+ 2cosθ
(-r = 1+ 2cosθ) -1
r = - 1 -2c0sθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the
origin.

Thank you John. Is everyone has the same answer with Yes ma’am.
John?
That’s good. It just means that your answers are
correct.
So class, as you observe the graph has an inner loop.
That graph is an example of a limacon with an inner
loop.
Take note class that limacon with an inner loop are
characterized by the equations of the form
r = a+bcosθ r = a+bsinθ
r = a-bcosθ r = a-bsinθ
Where a>0, b>0, and a<b. The graph of a limacon with
an inner loop will pass through the pole twice.
Class I want you to take note of this kind of equation
also,
r = 2cosθ
This equation is symmetric with respect to the x-axis,
y-axis, and origin. I will no longer show the solution
but you can solve it on your own for verification.
The graph of this equation looks like this, it looks like
a rose.

Take note class that rose curves are characterized by

the equations of the form
r = acosnθ r = asinnθ
Where a>0. If n is even, the rose has 2n petals. If the n
is odd, the rose has n petals.
D. Summary
I want someone to summarize our lesson for today. Our lesson was all about the tests for symmetry, there
Okay Kurt I saw your hand raising. are three steps to test symmetry. The symmetry with
respect to the x-axis, symmetry with respect to the y –
axis, and symmetry with respect to the origin. When
we graph the equation, I learned that there are many
 forms of shapes that can be form such as limacon with
inner loop and without inner loop, rose curves in
which the number of petal vary.

IV. Evaluation: 1 whole sheet of paper Expected answer of the students

Determine the symmetry of the graph of the following Soln.
polar equations then sketch the graph. (10 pts.) polar axis : r = 4 + 3cosθ
r = 4 + 3cosθ r = 4+ 3cos(-θ ¿
r = 4+ 3cosθ
Thus the graph is symmetric with respect to the x-axis.

y-axis: r = 4+ 3cosθ
r = 4+ 3cos(π−θ )
r = 4 – 3cosθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the y-
axis.

Pole(origin): r = 4+ 3cosθ
(-r = 4+ 3cosθ) -1
r = - 4 -3c0sθ
Thus the graph is not symmetric with respect to the
origin.

Prepared by: NORAISA L. MACABA-AS

Checked by: CHERLY C. CORDOVA