Best Lesson Plan

Subject: Mathematics Date Submitted: April 23, 2017

Section and Time: Grade 10 – Jupiter Actual Teaching Date: April 24, 2017

10:00-11:00 am

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Math10A: Pre-Calculus

I. Objectives: At the end of the session, the students must have;

1. Simplified complex numbers in the form a + bi
2. Expressed complex numbers in trigonometric form with speed and accuracy
3. Presented the solution in a neat and logical manner.
II. Subject Matter: Mathematics - Complex Numbers
References:
 Chua, S(2004)et.al”Soaring 21st century mathematics”. Appreciating Trigonometry.
Phoenix Publishing House.pp.310-329.
 Bellman, A et.al.”Prentice Hall Mathematics:Algebra 2 Pearson Ed Inc.”pp.270-276.
III. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Good morning class. Good morning ma’am Noraisa.
Bj kindly lead the prayer (students are praying)
Before you take your seats,
kindly arrange your chairs and
pick up pieces of papers under
your chairs.
A. Motivation
Before we start our formal
discussion, let’s have a game
first.
Let’s divide the class into four
groups so kindly count off from
one to four. Now go to your
respective groups.
Our game for today is
“matchsticks puzzle”. Each group
will be given a box of
matchsticks.
Are you familiar with this game? Yes ma’am!
Okay so the game goes like this,
using your matchsticks you will The students are doing the task.
form some shapes according to
 my instruction. For example,
“form five congruent squares
using twelve matchsticks”
(after five minutes)
B. Unlocking of difficulties/review
of pre-requisite knowledge
Everyone kindly go back to your
proper seats.
Our lesson for today class is all
about complex numbers.
I know that you are familiar with Yes ma’am!
this. Am I right?
Can you give me an example of a The imaginary number ma’am
complex number? Yes Leo. which is √ −1
Thank you Leo. Yes you’re right
that is an example of a complex
number.
How can you define complex From the word itself complex
number class? which means complicated. So with
Yes Mildred? that, complex numbers are
numbers that are complicated to
solve.
Yes you have a point. But
complex does not mean
complicated; it means that the
two types of numbers combine to
form a complex.
So complex number class, are
numbers that has two parts, the
real number and the imaginary
number. Complex number is
written in a standard form a + bi.
Where you’re “a” and “b” are The real numbers ma’am.
what?
And your “i” is? The imaginary number ma’am.
Very good. So “i” here is √ −1.
Now my question is, why we Because it is not a real number
consider√ −1. as an imaginary ma’am.
number?
Yes √ −1 is not a real number
because you had no numbers
which were negative after you’d
squared a number.
 Take note that every number was Yes ma’am.
positive after you squared it. So
did get what i mean class?
Since i = √ −1 then
i2 = -1
Agree ma’am.
Every real number is a complex no ma’am.
number. Do you agree or not?
Who says no? My answer is no ma’am because
base on the definition of complex
number it is compose of a real
number and an imaginary number.
Thank you. I really appreciate
your good reasoning. But class
any real number can be
considered a complex number.
Like for example the number “8”
this is a complex number because
write this one as 8 + 0i.
C. Lesson Proper
Now look at this examples, I
want you to write it in terms of i.
1. √ −25
2. √ −49
3. √ −12
4. √ −13
Okay I will answer number 1
example, and then the rest are
you’ll the one to answer.
1. Soln. √ −25= √−1 · √ 25 = 5i
So now what is the answer for 2. √ −49=√ −1· √ 49 = 7i
number two, three, and four? 3. √ −12=√ −1 · √ 12 = i · √ 4 · 2 =
i · 2 √ 2=2i √ 2
4. √ −13= √−1 · √ 13 = i√ 13
Very good.
Now how about this example. x2 = - 9
x2 = - 9 find the roots of this √ x 2=± √−9
equation. x = ±3i
Any hand? Yes Jaylord
Well done Jaylord.
The apparent solution are x = 3i,
and x = -3i.
We can check this one to know if
it is true.
x2 = - 9 x2 = - 9
(3i)2 = -9 (-3i)2 = -
9i2 = -9 9i2 = -9
9 (-1) = -9 9 (-1) = -9
-9 = -9 -9 = -9
So it verifies that the roots of x 2 =
- 9 are 3i and -3i.
There are also equality for
complex numbers, addition and
subtraction for complex numbers,
multiplication of complex
numbers, and division with
complex numbers.
Let’s start with equality for
complex numbers. Two complex
numbers are equal if and only if
their real parts are equal. That is
for real numbers a, b, c, and d.
a + bi = c + di if and only if a = c
and b = d.

For example: find x and y if 3x +

4i = 12 – 8yi

Since two complex numbers are

equal then part are also equal:
3x = 12 4 = -8y
x=4 y = -1/2

Now try this one

5x + 2i = 12 + 6yi 5x = 12 2 = 6y
What is the value of your x and x = 12/5 y = 1/3
y?
Yes Seth. Yes ma’am.

Very good! So did you get it?

Now, let’s proceed to addition
 and subtraction of complex
numbers.
Let’s have this example: (3 + 4i)
+ (7 – 6i)
Solve the complex number in the 3 + 7 + 4i -7i
form a + bi. 10 – 3i
So what is the answer? Yes John.
Yes ma’am.

That’s right! It’s very easy right? 7 – 5 + 3i – 6i

The process is just like solving 2 – 3i
polynomials.
How about this one (7 + 3i) – (5
+ 6i)

Very good. 1. (3 + 7i)(1 – 4i) = 3 – 12i + 7i –

Now let’s move to multiplication 28i2
of polynomials. = 3 – 5i – 28(-1)
Example: = 3 – 5i + 28
1. (3 + 7i)(1-4i) = 31 – 5i
2. (2+i)2 2. (2 + i)2 = (2 + i) (2 + i)
Who would like to solve it on the = 4 + 2i + 2i + i2
board? = 4 + 4i + (-1)
= 4 + 4i – 1
= 3 + 4i

Very good! All your answers are

correct. You may take your seat.
The last one is division with
complex numbers, so let’s have

2+3 i
this example:
3−2 i
Since we want a complex number
in standard form that is

2+3 i
equivalent to the quotient .
3−2 i
We need to eliminate i in the
denominator by multiplying both
sides by 3 + 2i so that will give
us:
2+3 i 2+3 i 2+3 i
3−2 i
= ·
3−2 i 3+2 i
=
7−4 i 7−4 i −i 7 i+ 4 i 2
i
=¿
i
· = =
2
−i −i 2
6+4 i+3 i+2 i
9−4 i 2 7 i−4 (−1) 7 i+ 4
= 1
= 4 + 7i
6+7 i+ 2(−1) 6+7 i−2 −(−1)
= 9−4 (−1)
= 9+ 4 =

4+ 7 i 6 7i Yes ma’am
13
= +
13 13 None so far ma’am.
Now let’s try it with you. I’ll give
you only three minutes to answer

7−4 i
this
i
(after 3 minutes)
Kate, kindly write your answer
on the board.

Thank you Kate. Is Kate’s

answer correct?
That’s right. So any questions?

Since there’s no questions. Let’s

proceed to the complex plane.

The real number system is

represented by the number line.
The complex number system can
be represented geometrically by
coordinate plane.
The complex number a + bi
corresponds to the point (a,b) in
the plane.

For example, the graph of the

point (-2,3). We labeled this as -2
+ 3i. so if we will graph this one
Imaginary axis
 (-2+3i)
Real axis
We can use the distance formula
ma’am which is c2 = a2 + b2

As you observed in the graph, the

|-6+2i| = √ −62 +22
coordinate plane is labeled by
= √ 36+ 4
complex numbers, in this way, it
= √ 40
is called the complex plane.
= √ 4 · 10
= 2√ 10
Each real number a = a + 0i
corresponds to the point (a,0) on
Yes ma’am.
the horizontal axis; so this axis is
called the real axis. Whereas the
vertical axis is the imaginary axis
because every imaginary number
bi = 0 + bi correspond to the
point (0,b) on the vertical axis.

Now who would like to volunteer

to graph these points in the
complex plane?
Yes Bj.
(-6,2) and (3,2)

Very good. Now any idea how to

get the distance between (-6,2) to
the origin?

That’s right. Using the distance

 formula we have 5π
ma’am.
6
|a+bi| = √ ¿ ¿
= √ a2 +b2
So if we have -6 + 2i in the
complex plane its distance to the
origin is what?

That is correct. Did you get it?

Class I want you to take note of

this. Every complex number a +
bi can be written in polar form
r(cosθ+ sinθ ¿ where r = |a + bi| =

√ a2 +b2
, a = rcosθ , b=rsinθ

Okay so let’s have this example:

1. Express −√ 3 + i in
1. 3 + 4i
trigonometric form.
a = 3, b = 4
Soln.
r= √ 32 + 4 2
Here, a = −√ 3 , b = 1, so we
r = √ 9+16
have
r = √ 25
r = √ ¿ ¿ ¿ = √ 3+1= √ 4=2
r=5
a b
The angle θ must satisfy cosθ= and sinθ=
r r
a b 3
cosθ= and sinθ= cosθ = sinθ =
r r 5
−√ 3
= 4
2
5
1 3
= θ=¿ cos-1 θ= sin-
2 5
Since −√ 3 + i lies on the second
1 4
quadrant, θmust be a second 5
quadrant angle. = 0.927 =
0.927
 In your previous lesson about 3 + 4i = 5 (cos0.927 + sin0.927)
special angles in the unit circle,

−√ 3 1
what θ has a coordinate ( ,
2 2

)?

That’s right! So therefore the

trigonometric form of −√ 3 + i is
None ma’am.
5π 5π
2(cos + sin 6 )
6

If we will graph this one

Our lesson for today was all about

complex numbers. Complex
numbers are numbers that has two
parts, the real number and the
Now let’s see if you already
imaginary number. Its standard
understand our lesson. Try this
form is a + bi.
one on your notes. I’ll give you
only 5 minutes to answer.
In addition to Seth. We also
1. 3 + 4i
learned how to plot complex
(after 5 minutes)
numbers in the complex plane.
Who would like to show his/her
Compute distance of the points to
answer on the board? Yes Jaffar
the origin using the distance
formula and lastly, how to express
complex numbers into
trigonometric form.

Expected answer of the students

Test I.
1. (4+10i) – (12 – 2i)
= 4 – 12 +10i + 2i
= - 8 +12i
 1+2 i 1+2 i 3+ 4 i
2. 3−4 i
= 3−4 i
·
3+ 4 i
=

3+4 i+6 i+8 i 2

9−16 i 2
3+10 i+8 (−1) −5+10 i
= 9−16(−1)
= 25
=
Very good that is correct.
So any questions? −5 10 i −1 2i
+
25 25
= +
5 5

3. (2+2i) (1+3i) = 2 + 6i +2i +6i2

D. Summary = 2 + 8i + 6(-1)
Can I request someone to wrap = - 4 + 8i
up our lesson for today? Yes Test II.
Seth. a = 5, b = -12
r= √ 52 +(−12)2
r = √ 25+144
r = √ 169
Thank you Seth. Any hand? Yes r = 13
Kyle a b
cosθ= and sinθ=
r r
5
cosθ = sinθ =
13

−12
13
5
IV. Evaluation θ=¿ cos-1 θ=
13
Test I. Simplify the complex
−12
number expression. Write your sin-1
13
answer in the form a +bi
= 67.38 =-
1. (4+10i) – (12 – 2i)
67. 38
1+2 i
2. 3−4 i 5 - 12i = 5 (cos67.38 + sin-67.38)

3. (2+2i) (1+3i)

Test II. Express the complex

number in trigonometric form.
1. 5 – 12i
Prepared by: NORAISA L.
MACABA-AS
Checked by: CHERLY C
CORDOVA