Salafi movement

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Not to be confused with Salaf or Sufism.
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The Salafi movement, also called the Salafist

movement, Salafiya and Salafism, is a reform[1] branch[2][3][4] movement
within Sunni Islam.[5] The name derives from advocating a return to the traditions
of the "ancestors" (salaf), the first three generations of Muslims said to know the
unadulterated, pure form of Islam. Those generations include the Islamic
prophet Muhammad and his companions (the Sahabah), their successors
(the Tabi‘un) and the successors of the successors (the Taba Tabi‘in).
Practically, Salafis maintain that Muslims ought to rely on the Quran,
the Sunnah and the consensus of the salafs alone, ignoring the rest of Islamic
hermeneutic teachings.[6] The movement developed in Egypt in the late 19th
century as a response to Western European imperialism.[4][7][8][9][10] It had roots in
the 18th-century Wahhabi movement that originated in the Najd region of
modern-day Saudi Arabia.[11]
The Salafist doctrine is based on looking back to the early years of the religion
to understand how the contemporary Muslims should practise their faith. [12] They
reject religious innovation or bid'ah and support the implementation
of sharia (Islamic law).[13] The movement is sometimes divided into three
categories: the largest group being the purists (or quietists), who avoid politics;
the second largest group being the activists, who maintain regular involvement
in politics; and the third group being the jihadists, who form a minority and
advocate armed struggle to restore the early Islamic movement. [13] In legal
matters, the Salafi are divided between those who, in the name of independent
legal judgement (ijtihad), reject strict adherence (taqlid) to the four Sunni
schools of law (madhahib) and others who remain faithful to these, especially
to Hanbali Madhab, the parent school of Salafi doctrine.[14]
By the 21st century, Salafi teachings and ideas have become mainstream that
many modern Muslims, even those who do not self-identify as Salafi, have
adopted various aspects of Salafism.[15]
At times, Salafism has been deemed a hybrid of Wahhabism and other post-
1960s movements.[16] Salafism has become associated
with literalist, strict and puritanical approaches to Islam. Western observers and
analysts often, incorrectly, equate the movement with Salafi jihadism, a hybrid
ideology which espouses violent attacks against those it deems to be enemies
of Islam as a legitimate expression of Islam.[17][18]
Academics and historians have used the term "Salafism" to denote "a school of
thought which surfaced in the second half of the 19th century as a reaction to
the spread of European ideas" and "sought to expose the roots of modernity
within Muslim civilization".[19][20] However, some contemporary Salafis follow
"literal, traditional ... injunctions of the sacred texts", looking to Ibn Taymiyyah or
his disciple Ibn Kathir[21] rather than the modernistic approach of Salafism of
19th-century figures Muhammad Abduh and Jamal al-Din al-
Afghani and Rashid Rida.[22][23][24] Major figures in the movement
include Muhammad Rasheed Rida, Muhammad ibn al Uthaymeen, Rabee al-
Madkhali, Abdul Azeez Ibn Baaz, Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i, Muhammad
Nasiruddin al-Albani and Saleh Al-Fawzan.