‫ښار د ټولو لپاره‬

‫شـهر بـرای همـه‬

‫‪City For All‬‬

‫‪II‬‬
II
II
II
II
II
OVERVIEW: STRATEGIC ACTION PLANNING
As Afghan cities rapidly urbanize they are faced with numerous challenges, including the largely informal
nature of development, resource limitations and gaps in infrastructure and service delivery. In this
context, strategic action planning – rather than conventional master planning – is an essential tool for
expanding access to services and guiding urban development. Strategic action planning is distinct from
conventional urban planning approaches: it is an inclusive and participatory approach, with an eye on the
implementation of prioritized public services in a short period of time .

This Strategic Nahia Action Plan (SNAP) is part of a series of SNAPs which are being developed for all
districts of Kabul. SNAPs are five-year strategies for local urban development at the nahia level. They
provide an overview of the current urban situation, set out the commu nity’s vision and outline feasible
spatial plans and priority projects. Details of feasible projects are outlined in the Capital Investment Plan.
The projects are based on the community’s priorities are aligned with the plans and work of the
municipality and government partners. The SNAP and its CIP serve to guide and coordinate delivery of
services and infrastructure projects. Support for strategic action planning is provided to the municipality
through the ‘City for All’ programme.

METHODOLOGY
SNAPs are developed through a participatory rapid spatial planning approach . The aim is to identify
priority actions and projects for the growth and development of the city. There are five key steps:
i. Urban diagnosis: Data collection
ii. Urban situation analysis: Analysis of the data and visions
iii. Report preparation
iv. Endorsement
v. Implementation

FINDINGS IN DISTRICT 10
District 10 has developed formally as the extension of the city center, but informal residential
development has overwhelmed the district development, particularly into former agricultural land.
As the agricultural land is converted to informal urban areas, the residents are facing challenges with
accessibility, water management, solid waste and sanitation, and so on.

According to the outcomes of the community workshop, there are serious issues with connectivity,
educational, health and recreational facilities, and wastewater management, par ticularly, in the
unplanned areas of the district. The communities proposed 9 projects to be implemented in District 10 to
contribute to a better urban future in the district. Through a voting process, 3 projects were prioritized as
follows:

1. Pavement of nieghborhood spines and community streets

2. Improving solid waste management and sanitary conditions
3. Construction of recreational spaces on Wazir Akbar Khan hilltop

These projects are to be implemented in the long term, medium term and short term respectively.

II
FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... II
OVERVIEW: STRATEGIC ACTION PLANNING ..................................................................................................... II
METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................................. II
FINDINGS IN DISTRICT 8 ................................................................................................................................... II
1.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2.1 DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 CIP AND PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................... 2
2.1 ABOUT DISTRICT 8 ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 SOCIAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 LAND USE .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 PEOPLE AND SETTLEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 5
3.1 SWOT AND VISIONING WORKSHOPS .......................................................................................... 6
3.2 EXISTING SITUATION AND PROPOSALS ....................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................. 7
3.2.1.1 ROAD NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY AND CONGESTION ...................................................................... 7
3.2.1.2 WATER ........................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.1.3 ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................................................... 9
3.3.2 SOCIAL FACILITIES ................................................................................................................................. 9
3.3.3 ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.3.1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 11
3.3.3.2 SANITATION .................................................................................................................................. 12
3.3.3.3 AIR POLLUTION ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.4 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................... 14
3.3.4.1 COMMERCIAL .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.3.5 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................ 15
3.4 CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ..................................................................................................... 16
4.1 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................... 18
ANNEX .......................................................................................................................................... 19
VISIONING .................................................................................................................................................... 19
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................................... 20
RECORDS OF THE MEETINGS ........................................................................................................................ 21
AG Advisory Group (KM, MUDH, ARAZI, and other relevant government stakeholders)
ARAZI Afghanistan Independent Land Authority
CDC Community Development Council
CFA "City for All" Programme
CIP Capital Investment Plan
CTU Cadastral Territorial Unit
DMM Deputy Ministry of Municipalities
MUDH Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
EU European Union
ha Hectare
IDLG Independent Directorate of Local Governance
IDP Internally Displaced Person
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
KM Kabul Municipality
KUDF Kabul Urban Design Framework
MAIL Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock
MOE Ministry of Education
MOPH Ministry of Public Health
MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy
MUDH Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
SNAP Strategic Nahia Action Plan
SoAC State of Afghan Cities Report, 2015. The first-ever assessment of the urban conditions in
34 provincial capitals of Afghanistan.
SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WG Working Group (KM/provincial municipalities, DMM/IDLG, MUDH)
 As Afghan towns and cities rapidly urbanize they are faced with numerous constraints and challenges,
including the largely informal nature of development, resource limitations and gaps in infrastructure and
service delivery. Despite these challenge urbanization presents numerous opportunities. C ities can be
drivers of economic development and contribute to state and peace -building objectives. If urbanization is
properly managed, cities can create livelihood opportunities, improve access to services and drive
socioeconomic development.

In this context, strategic action planning is an essential tool for expanding access to services and guiding
urban growth. Unlike master-planning – which sets out often unimplementable land-use controls –
strategic action planning is inclusive and participatory, with an eye on the implemen tation of prioritized
public services in a shorter period.

Strategic Nahia Action Plans (SNAPs) are five-year strategies for local urban development at the nahia
level, which include the following: an urban situation analysis; the community’s vision for urban
development; spatial action plans; and details of priority projects.

SNAPs are being produced for all districts in Kabul – as well as Strategic Municipal Action Plans in other
selected municipalities – as part of the “City for All” (CFA) Programme. CFA aims to improve stability,
promote peace stimulate local economic development in Kabul and other target municipalities through (i)
effective land management, (ii) improved municipal governance and (iii) strategic action planning and
service delivery. CFA supports municipal and nahia authorities to undertaken strategic action planning.
The phase one cities are Kabul, Mazar-e-Sharif, Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Bamyan, Nilli, and Farah.

1.2.1 DEVELOPMENT
The methodology for the development of a SNAP is a participatory rapid spatial planning approach.
SNAPs are developed in five key steps as shown in Figure 1.1.

i. Urban diagnosis: Data of the existing situation is collected through desk research, field visits,
Advisory Group meetings and community workshops, where participants develop the vision of
their area and identify potential projects.

INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 1 DISTRICT 10

 ii. Urban situation analysis: The data collected is analyzed. The projects identified are developed
into feasible projects and spatial plans that are coordinated with the work of partners and aligned
with city-wide urban plans.
iii. Report preparation: The feasible projects and spatial plans are further elaborated. The report is
refined and finalized through the inputs and feedback of the Working and Advisory Groups.
iv. Endorsement: The report is submitted to for endorsement, whereby it becomes a guide for
future urban development and service delivery and infrastructure projects.
v. Implementation: To kick-start implementation, selected projects are implemented by
communities, utilizing co-funding under the CFA programme as well as municipal and community
contributions.

The methodology places citizens at the center of

decision-making process through inclusive
participatory planning workshops. Participation of all
sectors of the community is key. The community
workshops include (i) ‘SWOT’ exercises, where
participants analyze the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats of the district; (ii ) followed
by a ‘Visioning’ exercise to develop practical,
consensus-based solutions and proposed projects.
Participants prioritize the projects through a process
of voting.

Engagement of various government stakeholders is

also essential. The Working Group is comprised of the
key urban stakeholders, who guides the process and
report development. The Advisory Group is comprised
of the various relevant partners, who provide inputs
and feedback to ensure projects and plans that are
well coordinated and aligned with the ongoing work
of government partners.

1.2.2 CIP AND PROJECT Figure 1.1: Flowchart SNAP/SMAP methodology

IMPLEMENTATION
The SNAP includes a Capital Investment Plan (CIP), which outlines the details of priority projects, such as
quantity, cost estimation, time line and responsible funding partners . The CIP provides to the basis to
guide and coordinate donor-funded municipal grants and other funds for service delivery and
infrastructure projects.

Implementation of urban plans is central for building community trust. The CFA programme therefore
includes block-grants for community-led implementation of SNAP projects, funded in combination with
municipal funding including increased safayi revenues generated under the CFA programme.
Implementation of projects demonstrates the benefits of paying safayi, which further contributes to
building trust between citizens and the government.

Figure 1.2: Flowchart fo r the block grants un der the "City for All" programme

INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 2 DISTRICT 10

 3

District 10 is located to the north of the city center, neighboring on District 2 in the southwest, District
4 in the west and the southwest, and the southwestern end of District 9 in the southeast. The northern
part is bordered on the Kabul international airport in District 15. According to the JICA Plan, District 10 is
in the saturation zone (centeral zone) – completely built up and high population. Since the district is in
the saturation zone, it is easily accessible citywide.

Map 2.1: District 10 with res pect to its s urroun dings

Source: CFA study team

DISTRICT OVERVIEW 3 DISTRICT 10

District 10 is divided into 25 standard Gozars, taking into consideration the dwelling units per standard
Gozar. The number of dwellings per standard Gozar varies from 800 to 1,250. In the areas with higher
dwelling density, the standard Gozars are smaller in size than those with lower dwelling density.

More than half of the district land has organic development. Areas with organic development include
Qala-e Musa, Bibi Mahru and Wazir Abad.

Generally, the dwelling density is high a long the main roads on the boundaries. In the northern part
along the Airport road, the dwelling density is the highest due to Shahrak-e Arya township.

Map 2.2: Standardized Gozars in relation with the dwelling density Source: SoAC-2015

2
The total land area of the district is 13 km . Residential areas account for almost 75% of the district land.
Agricultural land is limited to 10% of the district land with rainfed crop production and orchards having
similar shares (JICA Plan). Vacant or bare land accounts for 5% of the district land due to hills.

The central and the northern areas used to be agricultural areas, but now are occupied mostly by
informal housing. Wheat and vegetables are cultivated in the remaining agricultural parcels. The
southern end is an old planned area occupied by public buildings. Three ministries are located in the
district: the Ministries of Public Health, Haj, and Women’s Affai rs. Due administrative buildings, Wazir
Akbar Khan presents high-profile targets for political violence and therefore has high security . It comes
under the Green Zone territory which was designed in 2017 to secure high profile areas.

Taimani and Qala-e Fathullah are planned residential areas much sought-after by middle-class residents
for their central location, high-quality accommodation and lower security profile than Wazir Akbar Khan.

DISTRICT OVERVIEW 4 DISTRICT 10

Wazir Abad, Qala-e Musa and Bibi Mahru remains much less serviced and low-key. The vacant plots in the
north are now developed into a distinctive-looking township (Shahrak-e Arya).

Commercial functions are mainly developed along the main roads of the district with highest
concentration in Shahr-e Naw.

Map 2.3: Existing land use Source: The State of Afghan Cities 2015, UN -Habitat

During the last two decades, the district population has rapidly increased. As people couldn’t afford
housing in the planned areas, they started settling informally. Almost 60 to 70 percent of the district
urban area is developed informally. Rich and middle class people are accommodated in the Qala -e
Fatullah and Taimani areas.

According to the communities, some residents of Wazir Akbar Khan area were forcefully removed during
the years and some others left for economic reasons. The area is now mainly the preserve of the elite and
of foreigners. Large supermarkets and restaurants exist in Wazir Akbar Khan that attract many foreigners.

According to the District 10 officials, the northern part of Wazir Akbar Khan (called S herpoor) is a place
dominated by high-rank officers and high authorities who have grabbed land lots and built luxurious
houses and let houses to foreigners or offices at high prices.

DISTRICT OVERVIEW 5 DISTRICT 10

As the foundation of urban situation analysis, inclusive participatory planning workshops are held with
the various stakeholders from the community. The workshops include ‘Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)’ and ‘visioning’ group exerc ises. Prior to the workshops, the ongoing
projects and plans of government partners – such as KM, MUDH, CRIDA, KMDP and KUTEI – were
discussed and analyzed through Advisory Group meetings.

At the workshop, there were 140 participants (98 male and 42 female) from different sectors (such as
youth, women, business groups, farmers, Mullah Imaams, Wakil -I- Gozars and senior citizens). The
workshop was led and organized by Kabul Municipality. Members from the relevant partners (Nahia,
MUDH and ARAZI) also participated.

The participants were divided in ten groups, which each listed the SWOT of the district under the four
themes: Infrastructure, Social Facilities, Environment, Local Economic Development. The outcomes of the
group SWOTs were then merged as a single comprehe nsive SWOT.

After carrying out the SWOT analysis, the ten groups performed the visioning exercise. During the
visioning exercise, the groups established their vision for the district and mapped the location of specific
proposed projects.

Communities selected two projects related to infrastructure, four projects related to social facilities, two
projects related to the environment and two projects related to local economic development. The three
projects with the highest number of votes were: (1) pavement of roads, (2) construction of recreationa
parks and (3) improving sanitary conditions in unplanned areas .

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 6 DISTRICT 10

 8

3.2.1 INFRASTRUCTURE
STRENGTHS Paved roads and community streets
Existence of bus stations
Existence of water taps
Existence of water supply network in some areas
WEAKNESSES Unpaved community streets, especially in the unplanned areas
Narrow streets in the unplanned areas
Lack of public transport stands
Poor public transport services
Lack of car parking
All time heavey traffic on Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan road
Limited drinkable water services
Lack of regular electricity power
Lack of street lighting
OPPORTUNITIES Existence of main roads to be developed as potential corridors
THREATS Roads are blocked by the governmental offices and international agencies
Limited maintenance provided to the roads and drainages
Groundwater contamination due to poor wastewater management
Water wells being dug without proper control

PROPOSED PROJECTS Pavement of roads and community streets

Construction of public transport stands
Improving public transport services
Provision of water supply network

3.2.1.1 ROAD NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORTATION

In the areas with organic development (A1 and A2 on map 3.1), accessibility is poor due to narrow
streets, dead ends and inadequate connection of roads.

Existing situation and analysis:

 On a citywide scale, District 10 is easily accessible due to the major roads on its boundaries
(Massoud road, Airport road and Kolola Pushta road).
 Within the district, in the areas with organic development (Qala-e Musa, Bibi Mahru and Wazir
Abad), a majority of the roads and community streets are unpaved and are not properly
integrated. This has exacerbrated the challenges with accessibility within the district.
 Public transportation mainly take place along the major roads on the boundaries with limited
extension to the neighborhoods. According to the SWOT, the existing public transport system is
poor due to the lack of designated stands/stations.

Proposed solutions:
 As far as road pavement is concerned, it is suggested to put necessary focus on the areas with
organic development (i.e. A1 and A2). The communities proposed a number of roads to be pa ved
in these particular areas.
 Four of the proposed roads are attentive as they are aligned with the proposed neighborhood
spines by KUDF. Paving these roads with a right of way of 10 meters will dramatically improve
accessibility.
 Public transport improvement is directly proportionate to the coordinate road improvement. It is
to be noted that the Massoud and Ariport roads are considered to be developed as corridors with
smart transportation arrangements that will put a positive impact on public transporation. In
addition to the corridors, development of new spines will extend public transport services deep
into the neighborhoods.

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 7 DISTRICT 10

Map 3.1: Proposed p lan for I nfrastruc ture (Road Network and Transportation) Source: CFA study team

:
3.2.1.2 WATER
Limitted access to drinkable water is a vital issue to be addressed in District 10. A small part, equivalent
to 5% of the district area, in Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan is served with water supply network .

Existing situation and challenges:

 Residents use local underground water by either common or individual wells. According to the
KUDF and advisory group members from AUWSSC, these private wells have significantly
contributed to the depletion of acquifers.

Proposed solutions:
 The communities proposed water supply network to serve the areas with organic development.
This is in line with plans of AUWSSC on water supply. According to the KUDF, the AUWSSC has
medium-term plans to extend water supply network to the entire district. In addition, the
designated water utilities on Massoud Boulevard will benefit the residents in Qala -e Musa and
Bibi Mahru.
 In the short term, it is suggested to commence private water supply networks, limited to the
neighborhoods only. Such technique will require public private partnership.

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 8 DISTRICT 10

Map 3.2: Proposed p lan for i nfrastruc ture (Water) Source: CFA study team

:
3.3.1.3 ELECTRICITY
City power is provided to 100% of the residents in District 10. However, powercuts are very common due
to increased commercial and industrials users citywide. This has a huge effect on the supply for
residential users. In addition, energy losses, caused by the low quality transmission lines and network,
reduce the electricity supply in Kabul city by 34% (JICA Plan). This is equivalent to the consumption of
160,000 residential users. As a result, there are periodical power cuts in different areas of Kabul city,
including District 10.

It is recommended to upgrade the existing network with high quality cables and update the transformers
to conserve power losses in District 8. If energy losses can be reduced, a lot more residential users will be
able to receive energy without any addition generation facilities and few load dispatching (power cuts)
will take place.

3.3.2 SOCIAL FACILITIES

STRENGTHS Existence of schools, including primary, secondary and high schools
Existence of health education institute (Ghazanfar Institute)
Existence of kindergartens
Existence of health clinics
Existence of specialized hospitals
Existence of comprehensive hospitals
Existence of sports facilities (private gymnasiums)
WEAKNESSES Inexistence of governmental university in the district
Lack of governmental schools
Limited educational facilities in the existing schools
Lack of professional teacher in schools
Lack of governmental kindergartens
Lack of governmental heatlh clinics

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 9 DISTRICT 10

 Lack of health clinics for women
Lack of modern technologies in the existing hospitals (diagnostic equipments)
Poor supervision from hospitals and drugstores
Lack of recreational spaces
Lack of funeral halls
OPPORTUNITIES Existence of vacant land allocated for social facilities
Existence of hills for developing recreational spaces
Existence of community councils
THREATS Long commuting distance to the existing schools
Presence of gangsters bothering school girls
Excessive social exclusion due to high rates of illiteracy
Poor quality medicines in the drugstores
Lack of ambulance services

PROJECTS PROPOSED Construction of school buildings

BY THE COMMUNITY Upgrading the existing schools
ON THE THEME OF Construction of health clinics
SOCIAL FACILITIES Construction of recreational spaces on Wazir Ak bar Khan hilltop

The existing facilities are mainly located in the planned half of the district due south. The facilities lack in
the areas with organic development. Thus, particular attention has to be paid the unplanned half of the
district due north.

Existing situation and challenges:

 Due to limited schools in the organic neighborhoods, students travel a long distance to the
existing schools, hence causing congestion in the existing facilities.
 There are 5 comprehensive hospitals located in the planned half of the district. The existing
hospitals serve the whole city and thus, they are often overcrowded with patiants. In the areas
with organic development, health facilities are lacking and residents commute to the existing
hospitals situated far from them.
 There are 2 parks existing in the district, i.e. Wazir Akbar Khan Park and Wazir Akbar Khan Hilltop
that attract visitors from various parts of the city. Both the parks are partially developed in the
previous years. However, required facilities, such as children play area, seating facility and
canteen are unavailable.

Proposed solutions:
 In order to maintain an equal distribution of educational and health facilities, it is suggested to
focus on the areas with organic development. The communities proposed additional school
buildings and health clinics in Wazir Abad, Qala-e Musa and Bibi Mahru. In addition, 5 existing
schools are proposed to be upgraded to increase intake and enhance quality.
 In the visioning workshop, the communities proposed the Wazir Akbar Khan hilltop to be
developed into a recreational spot. Coverting hilltops into recreational parks is listed in the
priority projects of the KUDF as well. The communities also proposed construction of a park on a
vacant land along the Massoud Boulevard that was found to be a private land during the field
visit.
 In addition, the KUDF proposes development of green loop along the existing road at the f oot of
the Wazir Akbar Khan hill that will expand recreational functions across the district.

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 10 DISTRICT 10

 Map 3.3: Proposed p lan for s ocial facilities Source: CFA study team

:
3.3.3 ENVIRONMENT
STRENGTHS Solid waste collection and disposal system
Existence of solid waste collection points and trucks
Existence of septic wells in Wazir Akbar Khan, Shahr -e Naw, Qala-e Fatullah
and Taimani
WEAKNESSES Limited solid waste collection points
Air pollution due to smoke emission from outdated vehicles
Noise pollution due heavy traffic
Lack of proper canalization system
OPPORTUNITIES Existence of 80m wide road is a potential corridor for sewerage trunk line
Existence of hills for green development
THREATS Poor solid waste management
Poor wastewater management
Groundwater contamination due to excessive use of soak pits, particularly in
the unplanned areas
Smoke emission from burning tires, wood and plastic materials
Existence of untamed dogs
PROPOSED Improving solid waste management and sanitary conditions
PROJECTS

3.3.3.1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

According to the SWOT, solid waste management is poor in the areas with organic development. This is
due to the limited accessibility into the neighborhoods with organic development.

Existing situation and challenges:

 According to Nahia Cleaning Department, the existing resources are lacking to manage the solid
waste properly. The first collection points are located along the main roads (accessible for solid
waste trucks) and the walking distance to the first collection points is extensive. Due to extensive

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 11 DISTRICT 10

 walking distance, the solid waste is often informally dumped in the vacant plots in
neighborhoods.
 Lack of adequate solid waste trucks and cleaning staff also contribute to poor solid waste
management in the district.
 In the unplanned areas, particularly in Wazir Akbar Khan, Shahr-e Naw and Taimani, solid waste
collection is comparatively efficient due to ease in accessibility .

Proposed solutions:
 In general, additional resources are required to manage the solid waste in the unplanned half of
the district. It is suggested to increase the number of first collection points along the proposed
spines to prevent informal dumping. Besides, additional solid waste trucks are required to operate
simultaneously with the existing trucks. With additional trucks, the collection and transport
capacity will increase.
 In the medium term while the neighborhood spines are developed, solid waste management will
improve dramatically. However, in the short term, it is suggested to assume pilot projects, limited
to clusters, putting public private partnership into practice. I n this system, communities together
with private sector will incorporate certain responsibilities to manage the solid waste.

3.3.3.2 SANITATION
Sanitary conditions in the planned areas (Wazir Akbar Khan, Shahr-e Naw and Taimani) are well managed
through isolated septic and sewerage system. However, in the areas with organic development, sanitary
conditions are poor.

Existing situation and challenges:

 In the unplanned areas (Wazir Abad, Qala-e Musa, Bibi Mahru), the human waste is disposed off
locally and/or collected in the soak pits that contaminate the local underground water, according
to the SWOT.
 In the hilly areas of Bibi Mahru (settlements on Bibi Mahru hill), the sewage water is dischareged
down the hill into the existing city drainage network.

Proposed solutions:
 Centralized sewereage network is the key solution for improving sanitary conditions in citywide.
However, such an attempt is considered to be unrealistic in the short term. Therefore, it is
suggested to apply decentralized networks that will feed into the anticipiated centrialized
network in the future. The decentralized system will include a network of drainage s that will
collect the local sewage and a DEWATS treatment plant that will treat the wastewater before
discharging into the natural streams.
 In the short term, the KUDF proposes Pit Latrine Upgrading Pilot Program to improve sanitary
conditions and manage wastewater in the areas with organic development. The Kabul
Municipality, MUDL and MoEW will work collaboratively to provide technical and financial
assistance to residents to upgrade their sanitary arrangements.

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 12 DISTRICT 10

Map 3.4: Proposed p lan for s anitation Source: CFA study team

:
3.3.3.3 AIR POLLUTION
The air pollution in Kabul city is extremely hazardous. Based on an assessment done by the Afghanistan's
National Protection Agency, the amount of particulate matter in the first 250 meters from the ground is
3 3
measured as 527 µg/m , while 150 µg/m is the standard quality. Based on air emission calculations, the
below categories are the main sources of pollution in Kabul city:

1. Particulate emissions from road traffic

2. Pollution from the tail pipes of passenger vehicles and trucks
3. Emissions from burning tires, wood, coal, plastic bags, plastic bottles and used motor oil
4. Emissions from diesel fired electric generation (usually during power cuts)

According to the SWOT, the main sources of air pollution, particularly in District 10, are particulate
emissions from traffic on unpaved roads and pollution from the tail pipes of passengers vehicles and
trucks, i.e. Categories 1 and 2.

In order to mitigate air pollution in District 10, it is recommended to devote more land to greenery. Urban
green helps filter the air and improves the air quality. The KUDF proposes green loops along the the
streets that will significantly improve the air quality .

In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) has the 'Green Belt' projec t
ongoing in Kabul city. In this project, the Wazir Akbar Khan and Bibi Mahru hill will be developed into
green zones that will contribute to alleviating the air pollution in the district.

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 13 DISTRICT 10

 3.3.4 LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
STRENGTHS Existence of commercial functions along the main roads
Existence of street vendors in Shahr-e Naw
WEAKNESSES Lack of car parking in commercial areas in Shahr-e Naw
Lack of a marketplace for handicrafts
Lack of special permitted zones for street vendors
OPPORTUNITIES Existence of city-wide preferred commercial areas (Shahr-e Naw)
Existence of professional handicraftswomen
THREATS Traffic congestion due to commercial functions in Shahr-e Naw
Drug dealing
Youth unemployment

3.3.4.1 COMMERCIAL
Main commercial activities take place in Shahr-e Naw and some along the main roads of the district.

Existing situation and challenges:

 Street vending mainly takes place alongside the main roads that obstruct the vehicular traffic in
certain areas as shown in the map below.
 In some areas along the roads, particularly the Shahr-e Naw and Taimani, sidewalks are blocked
due to high concerntration of street vendors .
 There are no particular commercial markets in the district.

Proposed solutions:
 Special permitted zones are required to be determined for street vending. The Kabul Municipality
th
has effectively managed street vending Kota-e Sangi and 4 Macrorayan Housing Complex. The
same practice can be replicated in different parts in District 10.
 With development of the proposed corridors (Massoud Boulevard and Airport Boulevard),
commercial functions will develop in an organized manner along the corridors that will enhance
the local economy. This will also provide an opportunity for the street vendors to be
accommodated in an organized manner.

18


Map 3.5: Proposed p lan for c ommercial development Source: CFA studty team

:
URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 14 DISTRICT 10
3.3.5 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
STRENGTHS Existence of planned areas
Relatively better security
WEAKNESSES Existence of unplanned organic development
OPPORTUNITIES High possibility of intensive growth along the arterial roads
THREATS Existence of structurally unsafe houses
Illegal constructions on public spaces

More than half of the district has unplanned development. The residents in the unplanned areas are faced
with challenges such as flooding, poor sanitation, limited access to facilities and amenities, heightened
security, and social exclusion.

Generally, it is required to define improvement strategies to the current situation in the unplanned areas
of the district. The hillside neighborhoods around Bibi Mahru can be strategically improved through the
construction of public spaces. The Bibi Mahru hill will play a vital role in th is regard.

The KUDF proposes land readjustment strategy in Qala -e Musa. The development of this area will be
considered as part of Massoud Boulevard framework and implementation plan.

Map 3.6: Public Improvement Strategy

Source1: Kabul Urban Design Framework
Source2: CFA study team

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS 15 DISTRICT 10

 Capital Investment Plan (CIP) includes the projects, which are prioritized by the communities, the projects that reflect the SWOT analyses and projects of the
municipality, MUDH and involved line ministries. These projects are validated, planned for and co nfirmed by the stakeholders in the Working and Advisory
Groups, considering the technical solutions, budget, time, and land availability. The implementation of the projects in the m ost vulnerable and needy
settlements is promoted. The total costs of the pr ojects are estimated approximately.

TOTAL RESPONSIBLE
THEMES

CATEGORIES PROBLEM PROJECTS RECOMMENDATIONS UNIT QUANTITY APPROX. TIMELINE FUNDING

COST PARTNER
(USD)
ROAD Poor accessibility Pavement of roads  Rigid pavement
NETWORK due to the (neighborhood spines)  Roadside drainages and sidewalks
AND organic  Road lighting/greenery
TRANSPORTATI development  Widening needed in some streets
INFRASTRUCTURE

ON  Designated car parking and stands

Neighborhood spine – 1 (ROW = 6 meters) Km 2.70 260,000 Short term KM
Neighborhood spine – 2 (ROW = 6 meters) Km 1.50 150,000 Short term KM
Neighborhood spine – 3 (ROW = 6 meters) Km 3.20 300,000 Short term KM
Neighborhood spine – 4 (ROW = 6 meters) Km 0.80 80,000 Short term KM
WATER Limited drinkable Construction of water  Isolated supply 600,000 Long term AUWSSC
water reservoir with pipe networks
network  Deep wells/water tank Lump sum Kabul
 Water treatment Municipality
 Pilot (Bibi Mahru)
EDUCATION Limited access to Construction of school  New school buildings No. 8 960,000 Long term MOE
schools buildings  High school
SOCIAL FACILITIES

Upgrading the existing  New classrooms No. 5 250,000 Short term MOE
schools  Modern classrooms
HEALTH Limited health Construction of health  Single storey building No. 7 525,000 Medium MOPH
facilities and clinics  First aid treatment term
inferior treatment facilities
 Building area 10x15m
RECREATION Limited recreation Recreational spaces on  Greenery m² 100,000 500,000 Medium Kabul
and public Wazir Akbar Khan  Recreational facilities term Municipality
amusement hilltop  Children’s play area
16

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS DISTRICT 10

 SOLID WASTE Poor solid waste Improving solid waste  New collection points No. 16 40,000 Short term Kabul
MANAGEMENT management management system,  To be installed along Municipality
particularly in the the proposed
unplanned areas neighborhood spines
 Accessiblity radius
ENVIRONMENT

500 meters
 Minimum capacity 2.5
m³
 New solid waste No. 2 40,000 Short term KM
trucks
SANITATION Poor sanitary Improving sanitary  DEWATS concept LS 1 600,000 Medium KM
conditions conditions in the (BORDA) term MUDH
unplanned areas  PPP AUWSSC
CRIDA
Table 3.1: Capital Investment Plan for the feasible projects proposed by communi ties
17

URBAN SITUATION ANALYSIS DISTRICT 10

For reaching an inclusive and prosperous city, this Strategic Nahia Action Plan provides feasible public
service delivery and infrastructure projects based on community visions and government partners’ plans.

The most urgent issues in District 9 relate to roads, stromwater drainage, sanitation and drinkable water.
A number of projects are proposed to solve these urgent issues in the short, medium and long run in the
coming 5 years.

In the short term, the focus should remain on the coordinate road improvement plan to pave critical
roads, especially in the unplanned residential areas. Paving these roads will improve accessibility and
connectivity. The neighborhood spines are of prime concern, since the residential dwelling density is high
and access to facilities and amenities is poor in the areas with organic development.

In the medium term, it is suggested to concentrate on recreational facilities. Provision of recreational

facilities will pave the road to a healthy social life. Developing the Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan hilltop
into a recreational spot will put a positive impact on social exclusion being experienced by the residents.
Implementing this particular project will support the mid -term priority action proposed by the KUDF.

In the long term, improving sanitary conditions, particularly in the unplanned areas, should remain a
priority. The KUDF proposes a pilot project to be implemented in Taimani area. This project is designed to
improve sanitary conditions and manage wastewater as pilot project . The same concept can be replicated
in Bibi Mahru which is of prime concern as far as sanitary condition is concerned.

The implementation of selected projects from the SNAP will be distributed in the city and the district,
improving the quality of life of citizens all over the district. The SNAP identifies actions and investments
for the medium term (5 years) growth and development of the district. As the development of the district
is an ongoing process, the SNAP will have to be updated.

The next step is taking action. It is crucial to continue the participatory approach during the technical
proposal and the implementation as well as to share gained knowledge and experiences while learning-
by-doing.

CONCLUSION 18 DISTRICT 10
VISIONING
(PROJECTS PROPOSED AND PRIORITIZED BY THE COMMUNITIES)
During the visioning, communities selected 2 projects in the theme of infrastructure, 4 projects in the
theme of social facilities, 2 projects in the theme of environment and 2 project on the theme of local
economic development. The communities voted for the projects and prioritized them as shown in the
below table. The top 3 projects with the highest number of votes were on roads, parks and sanitation.

THEME PROJECTS PROPOSED BY THE COMMUNITIES NUMBER OF

VOTES
MALE FEMALE
INFRASTRUCTURE Pavement of roads and community streets 87 42
Construction of public transport stands 18 6
Improving public transport services 13 6
Provision of wate supply network 55 21
SOCIAL FACILITIES Construction of school buildings 47 19
Upgrading the existing school buildings 34 12
Construction of health clinics 43 17
Recreational spaces on Wazir Akbar Khan hilltop 67 29
ENVIRONMENT Improving solid waste management and sanitary 53 28
conditions, particularly in the unplanned areas

ANNEX 19 DISTRICT 10
REFERENCE

1. KABUL URBAN DESIGN FRAMEWORK

SASAKI
Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH), formerly MUDA
CRIDA

2018

2. THE STATE OF AFGHAN CITIES (SOAC), VOLUME 1 AND 2

United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat), Kabul
Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH), formerly MUDA
Kabul Municipality

2015

3. THE STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MASTER PLAN FOR THE KABUL METROPOLITAN AREA
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Dehsabz City Development Authority (DCDA)
Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH), formerly MoUD

October 2009

4. KABUL CITY CURRENT STATUS REPORT FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Dehsabz City Development Authority (DCDA)
Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH), formerly MoUD

June 2011

ANNEX 20 DISTRICT 10
RECORDS OF THE MEETINGS
CONSULTATION MEETING
Date 15-04-2019
Venue Nahia Office
Participants Nahia Manager
Nahia staff from all departments
Representatives of UN-Habitat
Purpose Discussing SNAP report for District 10
ND
2 ADVISORY GROUP MEETING
Date 09-02-2019
Venue Kabul Municipality
Participants Representatives of Kabul Municipality
Representatives of MUDL
Representatives of CRIDA
Representatives of KMDP and KUTEI
UN-Habitat staff
Purpose Discussing the ongoing projects and plans of partners
ST
1 ADVISORY GROUP MEETING
Date 11-01-2019
Venue Nahia Office, District 17
Participants Representatives of Kabul Municipality
Representatives of MUDL
Representatives of CRIDA
Representatives of KMDP and KUTEI
UN-Habitat staff
Purpose Discussing the ongoing projects and plans of partners

MEETING WITH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF NAHIA

Date 25-11-2018
Venue Nahia Office
Participants Nahia Manager
Engineering Department of Nahia
UN-Habitat staff
Purpose Discussing the ongoing projects and future plans at Nahia level

ANNEX 21 DISTRICT 10