Levitating

BY: Akina, Jean, Prim, Krit, Ta and

Pun 1102 Vehicle
agenda
INtroduction
The idea of levitating vehicle
based on the Maglev
Concept of Magnetism

Prototype
Planning process
First rough model
what went wrong

Real model
Material and Procedure
The use of Magnetism concept
Error and Suggestion

Conclusión
What did we learn from this
project ?
PRODUCT
Maglev

About Maglev
Maglev
“MAGLEV”
Abbreviated from “Magnetic Levitation”
“Forget boards and cars… let’s make trains fly”

—Prof. Eric laithwaite

(Not a real quotation)

James R. Powell
But really, is it that simple?
Maglev

magnets Guidance system

Electromagnetism & Uses sensors and

Superconductors electromagnets

propulsion system

Temperature Propulsion mechanics

Close to absolute
temperature.
Levitating
Vehicle

Levitating Vehicle
Levitating
vehicle
Why did we chose this
concept?

● Fascinated by Quantum Physics

● Wondered about phenomenons we do not understand

Levitating
vehicle

What was our first

concept model?
● Using electromagnets instead of permanent magnets
● Instead of using walls to help control the car, we would have
used sensors to increase or decrease the strength of each
electromagnets to help stabilize the car, thus reducing the
need of the walls
● An elliptical track rather than a straight track
● The car/train itself have multiple carriages
Levitating

What will be the benefits of

vehicle

levitating vehicle in real life?

● Longevity
● Energy Efficiency
● Environmental Impact
● Noise Pollution
Magnetism
Magnetism
What is magnetism

Types of magnetisms

Electromagnetic force

Magnetic field
Magnetism

Magnetism: What is it?

magnetism

A force that can attract or repel objects with magnetic materials

Magnetism Types of Magnetism

Ferromagnetism

Ferrimagnetism

Antiferromagnetism

Paramagnetism

Diamagnetism
magnetism Ferromagnetism

● Certain electrically uncharged materials strongly attract others.

● At atomic level - causes unpaired electron spins to line up parallel with each other.
● Within “Domain”
● Ferromagnets: exp. Lodestone and Iron
● Have a maximum temperature: thermal agitation
● In general have high Curie Temperatures
● Are stronger than Ferrimagnetic elements in terms of its magnetism strength
magnetism Ferromagnetism
magnetism Ferrimagnetism

● Permanent magnetism
● In solids
● Atomic Level
● Anti parallel arrangement —> magnetic strength < pure ferromagnetic material
● Occurs in ferrites
● Generally have lower Curie Temperature.
● Are weaker than Ferromagnetic elements in terms of its magnetism strength
magnetism Curie Temperature

● Appears in ferrimagnetism and ferromagnetism

● It is where magnets above this temperature will start to lose its magnetic properties.
● It is different for every element but in general elements that are ferromagnetic have
higher Curie Temperatures than elements that are ferrimagnetic.
● Named after Pierre Curie, the husband of Marie Curie
magnetism Antiferromagnetism

Equal in magnitude
+
Antiparallel array
=
No net magnetization
magnetism Antiferromagnetism

At Low Temp.

No response to external field

At High Temp.

Weak Magnetism
magnetism Paramagnetism

● Some materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field

● Similar to Ferromagnetism but WEAKER and TEMPORARY
● Ex. Aluminium, Oxygen, Cupric sulfate and Gadolinium oxide
magnetism Paramagnetism
magnetism Diamagnetism

● Materials repelled by a magnetic field

● Opposite to paramagnetism
● Ex. Water, Graphite, superconductors (at low temp.) and bismuth
magnetism Diamagnetism
Magnetism

So what is the type of

magnets used in our
project?
magnetism Neodymium Magnets

● Neodymium itself is Ferromagnetic, but is unusual as it has an

extremely low Curie Temperature in its pure form (at 19oK).
● Made from Neodymium combined with Iron and Boron in order to
raise its Curie Temperature well above room temperature.
● One of the strongest magnets available commercially
EMF What is
Electromagnetism?

● study of the electromagnetic force

● a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically
charged particles.
EMF

Lorentz Force

● Equation for electromagnetic force

○ Electric Force + Magnetic Force

● Involve magnetic force occurred from flow

of electrons
Magnetic
field

Magnetic Field
Magnetic
field

● A vector field that portrays the attractive impact of electric

charges in relative movement and polarized materials.
● The impacts are regularly found in perpetual magnets
○ Pull on attractive materials, (for example, iron)
○ Draw in or repulse different magnets.
Magnetic
field

There are two ways that magnetic field

can be illustrated:

Mathematically Using field lines

Magnetic
field Mathematically

● Vector field
● Grid pattern
● Vectors point in the same direction as what compass
would.
● Length depends on the strength of magnetic force.
● Compass doesn’t indicate the strength of the magnetic
field.
Magnetic
field Using field lines

● Dispense with grid pattern and connect them with

smooth lines.
● Magnetic fields lines never cross
● Lines bunch together where magnetic fields is the
strongest.
● Closed loops
● Indicates direction of the field.
● Follows from North to South
material

Materials
material
material
Procedure

Procedure

Vehicle Magnetic Track

Procedure Building Vehicle

1 2 3 4

Gather material and tools Designing Building Placing Fan and Battery
 Building Track
Procedure
1 2
Gather material and tools Measuring and Marking

3 4
Attaching magnets Place the walls
Product

magnets Friction

Neodymium bar magnets & Lesser than non levitating but

normal round magnets still has a lot.

propulsion system

Temperature Slope & fan

No need to control
Product Working Model
Obstacle

Struggles and Errors

Obstacle

- Weight distribution
- Too much frictions
- Track width
- Car’s width is longer than its length making it unstable at times
- The fan does not have enough power
- Bad fan position
- Wind doesn’t blow in a particular direction
Obstacle

What can we do
better?
 Wall
obstacle
- distance between wall
- angle of wall

Track

- magnets alignment
- layout
Car

- design
- weight distribution

Material
- strong and same
magnets
- frictionless wall
- firm car
Obstacle

Conclusion
Reflection
What did we get from
this project?
● Understanding Magnetism concept and other theories that related
● Learn the importance the balanced point and the angle when building something
● Applying science for solving problems
● Learn how to work as a team (lol as if)
Behind the
scenes
 References

● Magnetism - Types Of Magnetism. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://science.jrank.org/pages/4083/Magnetism-Types-magnetism.html
● The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2014, March 2). Ferromagnetism. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/ferromagnetism
● The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2017, June 8). Lorentz force. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/Lorentz-force
● What Is Magnetism? | Magnetic Fields & Magnetic Force. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.livescience.com/38059-magnetism.html