Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Penghawaan Alamiah
(Natural Ventilation)
21 Juni
23.5 LU
garis lintang
Cancer
23 September
21 Maret 21 Maret
23.5 LS
Garis lintang
21 Desember Copricorn
Lingkungan hidup
Ekosistem Tropis
Hutan Tropis Lembab
Cahaya matahari berlimpah
Kondisi berawan (overcast sky)
Curah Hujan, kelembaban tinggi
Karakter alamiah aliran udara :
29-34 56-65 11
6 25-31 22-27 Strong Large waves with foam Large branches in motion
breeze crests
7 32-38 28-33 Near gale Sea heaps up and foam Whole trees in motion
begins to streak
8 39-46 34-40 Gale Moderately high waves Twigs broken from trees
with breaking crests
9 47-54 41-47 Severe High waves with dense Light structure damage
gale foam
Very high waves.
10 55-63 48-55 Storm Trees uprooted. Considerable
The sea surface is structural damage
white
12 73-82 64-71 Hurricane Sea completely white with Massive and widespread
driving spray. damage to structure
• Badai dan ancamannya
• (kecepatan angin membahayakan)
• Kondisi angin extreme …. Badai tornado !
Tofan Super Haiyan (Yolanda)
Filipina, 8 November 2013
Faktor apakah yang menentukan aliran
udara disuatu lokasi?
1. GLOBAL scale
• Pergerakan angin di bumi (skala ribuan km)
• Dipelajari melalui “satellite images”
2. REGIONAL scale
• Pola pergerakan udara di suatu kawasan negara
(skala ratusan hingga ribuan km)
• Dipelajari melalui “satellite images”, weather
observation balloon
Skala
Global
• Global
wind
Skala Regional: Angin Monson (Monsoon wind)
Skala Angin
Regional
Sejarah Kapal dagang dan perang
memanfaatkan angin untuk berlayar
Badai Sandy
(Frankenstrome)
Skala Regional:
Badai Francis
Citra
Satelit
Tingkat
Konsentrasi
Klorofil
Potensi
Perikanan
3. LOCAL scale
• Aliran udara disuatu kota (skala puluhan km)
• Dipelajari melalui data-data stasiun meteorologi dan
geofisika (weather station) airport
4. MICRO scale
• Aliran udara disuatu lokasi/kawasan didalam kota
(skala ratusan meter hingga 1 km)
• Dipelajari melalui pengamatan langsung dilokasi
(mobile weather station)
• skala yang penting diperhatikan dalam
merencanakan penghawaan alami untuk bangunan
• Angin laut
(siang hari)
• Angin Darat
(malam hari)
• Angin lembah
(siang hari)
• Angin lembah
(malam hari)
Pola pergerakan udara disuatu
lokasi dipengaruhi:
1. Kondisi geografi dan geomorfologi tempat
angin darat dan laut
kontur tanah, topografi (lembah, bukit dsb)
• From the other research, the boundary layer can be divided into three
parts: the wake region, the log region and the urban canopy [Maruyama
1988]. The characteristics of each layer can be described using figure
below.
Tujuan penghawaan alami:
1. Menyediakan udara segar dalam ruangan demi kesehatan
penghuninya (mengurangi kadar polusi dalam udara)
• Ventilasi untuk
ruang kelas 2
lantai
Sambungan …
• Bentuk
aerodinamis
bulat
streamline
Test menggunakan wind tunnel (terowongan angin)
Skala kawasan atau distrik (didalam kota)
Wind Tunnel for wind flow around building testing
Wind Tunnel for building structure and aerodynamics testing
Sambungan …
• Penghalang
Solid dan
Penghalang
Porous
• Landscape turut berperan
dalam menentukan pola
pergerakan angin disekitar
bangunan
• Tipe / jenis tanaman: rumput,
perdu, pohon rimbun, pohon
pengarah (cemara/pinus,
palma dsb)
• Perencanaan yang baik
landscape turut menentukan
kualitas penghawaan alamiah
didalam gedung.
Pemilihan jenis tanaman untuk landscape
Konfigurasi Bangunan
Type Courtyard
A. CLOSE COURTYARD
• The classic or standard subtype which defined
on all sides of the courtyard by occupied zones.
It is the most prevalent type and can be any
shape in plan (square, rectangular, triangular
and circular). The only source of natural
ventilation and daylight is the skylight opening
or roof clerestory.
B. OPEN-SIDED COURTYARD
• A courtyard with one, two or three sides
partially or completely glazed or covered by
ventilation elements. By placing courtyard near
to one or two perimeter walls, the occupied
zone may have L, U shape building plan. Natural
ventilation and daylighting enter spaces
through sidewall of the courtyard.
C. LINEAR COURTYARD
• Occupied zones on opposite sides of
the courtyard with circulation
connection across an elongated
rectangle. Ends may be glazed or
defined by building elements which
allow the fresh air to penetrate in to
the building.