WATSON AND NEUMAN’S THEORY= PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY OF TRANSPERSONAL CARING +

SYSTEM MODEL

Watson’s theory and Neuman’s theory relate to one another in the way that patients need to be
cared for because of the stressful influences of society. Stressors include intrapersonal,
interpersonal, and extrapersonal forces. For example, a patient is admitted with multiple
sclerosis, his interpersonal stressor is being away from his family. These can be identified with
the help of the nurse by applying transpersonal caring through love and sincere concern to the
patient. Because stressors in the environment cannot be solved solely by the client, it needs
nurses for them to express and resolve it correctly. Therefore, nurse and patient interaction are
necessary to perform transpersonal caring thus settling the stressors.
                                 
IMOGENE KING AND ORLANDO= GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY+ NURSING
PROCESS THEORY

OWN THEORY:
I chose my own nursing theory based on holistic nursing emphasizing with the stressors
(described by Betty Neuman namely intrapersonal, interpersonal and extrapersonal forces) to
prevent recurrent admission to the hospital. Holistic nursing is defined as a practice of nursing
that focuses on healing the whole person. It does not solely recognize their illness instead it
addresses the interconnectedness of their mind, body, spirit, emotions, and relationship with
others. I believe that one cannot overcome the healing process even if he or she is medically
treated only. For example, an old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. She can’t function
holistically but after treatment his cancer was cured. The problem is, she is not mentally and
emotionally prepared for the outcome and how it will impact for the rest of her life. Applying
holistic nursing and highlighting the stressors, the nurse should interact with the patient and
utilize experience as a guide for building relationship, knowing her stressors and problem.
Before discharging from the hospital, the nurse should assure the patient that she is fully
recovered so that effective nursing will be implemented thus going back to the hospital would be
prevented.

THEORISTS SUMMARY IMPORTANCE APPLICATION

Dorothea Orem Orem's theory addresses
client's self-care needs. It is
(Self-Care Deficit characterized as objective
Nursing Theory) arranged activities that are set
towards creating interest in the
side of the client to continue
life and wellbeing
improvement. The theory
pointed towards causing the
client to perform self-care
activities to live autonomously.
It directs nurses what Rehabilitation and
specific patient care they primary care; psychiatri
should give in certain nursing, geriatric nursin
situations. It emphasizes pediatrics
the importance of
maintaining the self-care
process towards the
independence of the
patients.

Imogene King King’s model is composed of King’s theory is applicable Can be applied in large
(Goal Attainment three interacting systems; these to the nursing process: community and tertiary
Theory) are Personal, Interpersonal,
and Social Communication.
These are used to establish a
nurse-client relationship for
them to set goals together, and
then take actions to achieve
them. The factors that can
affect the attainment of goals
are roles, stress, space, and
time.
Betty Neuman Betty Neuman’s theory
(Systems Model) incorporated concept of a
whole person and an open
system approach. The concept
is aimed towards the
development of a person in a
state of wellness having the
capacity to function optimally.
The main role of nurse in her
theory is to help a person adapt
with environmental stimuli
causing illness back to a state
of wellness.
Dorothy Johnson Johnson believes that each
(Behavioral system individual has a focusing and
model) repeating ways of acting which
covers a behavioral system
distinct to that individual.
These actions or behaviors
form outstanding thoughts- out
and included functional unit
that determines and defines the
relations between the person
and his environment and
establishes the bond of the
person to the object, events,
and circumstances in his
environment. These behaviors
are logical, fixed, predictable
and adequately secure and
persistent to be satisfying to
depiction and clarification.
Sr. Calista Roy Roy’s model centralize on the
(Adaptation Model) concept of adaptation of the
person. She explained that
Assessment, Planning, hospital
Implementation, and
Evaluation. She believes
that nurses must carefully
assess clients to set mutual
goals and achieve it
correctly and efficiently.
The theory provided clients
to participate in the desired
outcome of the care plan
and goals.
It is important in defining Medical-surgical nursin
the stressors in nursing therapeutic nursing,
practices. It provides the critical care nursing
nurse with an accurate
nursing process of the
planned care and explains
the utilization of primary,
secondary, and tertiary
prevention in problem-
solving.
Johnson’s model guides Nursing homes
nursing practice, education,
and research that generates
new ideas about nursing. It
also differentiate nursing
from other professions by
prioritizing behavior an
biology. It classifies
Nursing from Medicine,
although the concepts
overlap with the
psychosocial professions.
The RAM has vividly Can be applied to the
identified the nursing current needs of nurses
process which is an employed in the hospita
 adaptation occurs when people important tool in nursing setting
respond positively to practice. It provides
environmental changes. It is direction in providing
the process and result of holistic care for a client. In
individuals who use conscious the process of hypothesis
awareness, self-reflection and testing, new information
option to create human and can be derived from Roy’s
environmental integration. The model. Truly, it served as a
Adaptation Model states that valuable contribution to
health is an inevitable part of nursing science.
person’s life, and is
represented by a health-illness
continuum with many different
states or degrees possible.
Moreover, she states that
health is the process of being
and becoming an integrated
and holistic perso
n.
Myra Estrin Levine
(Conservation
Model)